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Konieczynski P, Zarkov A, Viapiana A, Chrubczynska A, Mpandzo E, Wesolowski M. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The knowledge of the chemical composition of herbs used medicinally in Africa is relatively low, and at the same time, the growing interest in alternative medicine prompts scientists to search for justification for the use of various plants. Due to these, the aim of the study was to analyze ten botanical species of medicinal plants originating from Congo to determine the contents of non-metals (P, Se), metallic elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Al), phenolic compounds, and L(+) ascorbic acid and antioxidant activities. To prepare plant samples for quantitative analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, the microwave digestion was applied. The contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, and vitamin C were assayed in extracts of medicinal plants spectrophotometrically, while the antioxidant activity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and 2,2 -Azino-bis-3-ethylbanzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) techniques. The studies showed that the medicinal plants from Congo differed to a high degree. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and also phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity had the highest impact on sample’s differentiation. The relationship between the type of plant material (bark, root, or leaf) and its chemical composition was noticed, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Aleksej Zarkov
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University , Naugarduko 24 , Vilnius LT-03225 , Lithuania
| | - Agnieszka Viapiana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Adrianna Chrubczynska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Edem Mpandzo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
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Freitas MA, Vasconcelos A, Gonçalves ECD, Ferrarini EG, Vieira GB, Cicia D, Cola M, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Involvement of Opioid System and TRPM8/TRPA1 Channels in the Antinociceptive Effect of Spirulina platensis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040592. [PMID: 33920609 PMCID: PMC8074039 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a "super-food" and has attracted researchers' attention due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. Herein, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of Spirulina in different rodent behavior models of inflammatory pain. Male Swiss mice were treated with Spirulina (3-300 mg/kg, p.o.), indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl 10 mL/kg). Behavioral tests were performed with administration of acetic acid (0.6%, i.p.), formalin 2.7% (formaldehyde 1%, i.pl.), menthol (1.2 µmol/paw, i.pl.), cinnamaldehyde (10 nmol/paw, i.pl.), capsaicin (1.6 µg/paw, i.pl.), glutamate (20 µmol/paw, i.pl.), or naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were also exposed to the rotarod and open field test to determine possible effects of Spirulina on locomotion and motor coordination. The quantitative phytochemical assays exhibited that Spirulina contains significant concentrations of total phenols and flavonoid contents, as well as it showed a powerful antioxidant effect with the highest scavenging activity. Oral administration of Spirulina completely inhibited the abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid (ED50 = 20.51 mg/kg). Spirulina treatment showed significant inhibition of formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during the inflammatory phase, and the opioid-selective antagonist markedly blocked this effect. Furthermore, our data indicate that the mechanisms underlying Spirulina analgesia appear to be related to its ability to modulate TRMP8 and TRPA1, but not by TRPV1 or glutamatergic system. Spirulina represents an orally active and safe natural analgesic that exhibits great therapeutic potential for managing inflammatory pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Amanda Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda G. Ferrarini
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B. Vieira
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maíra Cola
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (M.A.F.); (A.V.); (E.C.D.G.); (E.G.F.); (G.B.V.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (R.C.D.)
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Nazareth MS, Shreelakshmi SV, Shetty NP. Identification and Characterization of Polyphenols from Carissa spinarum Fruit and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Anti-quorum Sensing Activity. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1277-1285. [PMID: 33634411 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing controls bacterial virulence through signaling molecules, which plays a vital role in managing foodborne pathogens that cause food spoilage and human infections. Though many synthetic compounds have been used to control infection, antibiotic resistance has become a global issue. Targeting the bacterial quorum sensing using the bioactive compounds could be an alternative strategy to combat their resistance. In this context, polyphenols from an unexplored unripe and ripe fruits of Carissa spinarum were evaluated for anti-quorum sensing activity. The study aimed at determining nutritional, phytochemical composition, and polyphenol profiling to evaluate their antioxidant potential of the fruit. Furthermore, the violacein inhibition, anti-biofilm, and effect on the motility of foodborne pathogens were also studied. The phytochemical content of C. spinarum fruit showed the phenolic and flavonoid content 273.20 mg GAE/100 g and 453.78 mg QE/100 g fresh weight , respectively, in ripe fruit. HPLC characterization of fruit extracts showed high content of syringic acid, resveratrol, and quercetin in ripe, whereas it showed epicatechin and gentisic acid in unripe fruit. The antioxidant activity of the ripe fruit extract exhibited a higher potential to scavenge DPPH radicals with IC50 4.69 mg/mL. Further, the anti-quorum sensing activity was higher in ripe fruit extract at 1.8 mg/mL inhibited with 78.65% violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum, swimming motility, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica (66.25% and 59.36% respectively at 1.2 mg/mL). Hence C. spinarum fruit bioactive could be a natural plant source for anti-quorum sensing activity to manage foodborne pathogens over synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
- University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570 005, India
| | - S V Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India.
- University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570 005, India.
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