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Yap YW, Mahmed N, Norizan MN, Abd Rahim SZ, Ahmad Salimi MN, Abdul Razak K, Mohamad IS, Abdullah MMAB, Mohamad Yunus MY. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Graphite from Agricultural Bio-Waste Material: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093601. [PMID: 37176484 PMCID: PMC10180389 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon is a valuable material that can be utilized in many fields, such as electronics, energy storage and wastewater filtration. Due to the high demand for commercial graphite, an alternative raw material with lower costs that is environmentally friendly has been explored. Amongst these, an agricultural bio-waste material has become an option due to its highly bioactive properties, such as bioavailability, antioxidant, antimicrobial, in vitro and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, biomass wastes usually have high organic carbon content, which has been discovered by many researchers as an alternative carbon material to produce graphite. However, there are several challenges associated with the graphite production process from biomass waste materials, such as impurities, the processing conditions and production costs. Agricultural bio-waste materials typically contain many volatiles and impurities, which can interfere with the synthesis process and reduce the quality of the graphitic carbon produced. Moreover, the processing conditions required for the synthesis of graphitic carbon from agricultural biomass waste materials are quite challenging to optimize. The temperature, pressure, catalyst used and other parameters must be carefully controlled to ensure that the desired product is obtained. Nevertheless, the use of agricultural biomass waste materials as a raw material for graphitic carbon synthesis can reduce the production costs. Improving the overall cost-effectiveness of this approach depends on many factors, including the availability and cost of the feedstock, the processing costs and the market demand for the final product. Therefore, in this review, the importance of biomass waste utilization is discussed. Various methods of synthesizing graphitic carbon are also reviewed. The discussion ranges from the conversion of biomass waste into carbon-rich feedstocks with different recent advances to the method of synthesis of graphitic carbon. The importance of utilizing agricultural biomass waste and the types of potential biomass waste carbon precursors and their pre-treatment methods are also reviewed. Finally, the gaps found in the previous research are proposed as a future research suggestion. Overall, the synthesis of graphite from agricultural bio-waste materials is a promising area of research, but more work is needed to address the challenges associated with this process and to demonstrate its viability at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Wen Yap
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Norsuria Mahmed
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Natashah Norizan
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Kamrosni Abdul Razak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Ili Salwani Mohamad
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al-Bakri Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
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Baysal G, Olcay HS, Günneç Ç. Encapsulation and antibacterial studies of goji berry and garlic extract in the biodegradable chitosan. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115231157097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
As known, the chitosan is a biodegradable biopolymer with antibacterial properties, therefore it is used in the fields of pharmacy, medical, wastewater treatment, biotechnology, cosmetics, textiles, and agriculture. Apart from these, the chitosan has an important place in the food industry with its widespread use. In this research article, the chitosan were encapsulated with the taurine and garlic extracts by the spray dryer. The CSA and CSB compounds synthesized as final products were analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The effect of the encapsulation process on the molecular weight of the polymer structure was investigated using the cryoscopy method. The compound CSA represents 1/2 encapsulation of chitosan with taurine and increased garlic extracts, respectively, while CSB represents 1/1 encapsulation of chitosan with increased taurine and fixed garlic extracts. The % antioxidant activity of the final products was determined by DDPH method. The inhibition zone and surface activity proporties of the CSA and CSB were carried out against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella bacteria. The results obtained as a result of the analyzes were evaluated, and optimum values were determined for use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Baysal
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, İstanbul Aydin University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sena Olcay
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Günneç
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al-Shuaeeb RAA, Yassin AA, Ibrahim MAA, Abd El-Mageed HR, Ghandour MA, Khalil MM. Computer-based identification of olive oil components as a potential inhibitor of neirisaral adhesion a regulatory protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1553-1560. [PMID: 34974817 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2022535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In silico methods such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have significant interest due to their ability to identify the protein-ligand interactions at the atomic level. In this work, different computational methods were used to elucidate the ability of some olive oil components to act as Neisseria adhesion A Regulatory protein (NadR) inhibitors. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and the global properties such as global hardness, electronegativity, and global softness of ten olive oil components (α-Tocopherol, Erythrodiol, Hydroxytyrosol, Linoleic acid, Apigenin, Luteolin, Oleic acid, Oleocanthal, Palmitic acid, and Tyrosol) were reported using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. Among all investigated compounds, Erythrodiol, Apigenin, and Luteolin demonstrated the highest binding affinities (-8.72, -7.12, and -8.24 kcal/mol, respectively) against NadR, compared to -8.21 kcal/mol of the native ligand based on molecular docking calculations. ADMET properties and physicochemical features showed that Erythrodiol, Apigenin, and Luteolin have good physicochemical features and can act as drugs candidate. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that Erythrodiol, Apigenin, and Luteolin show stable binding affinity and molecular interaction with NadR. Further Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) analyses using the MD trajectories also demonstrated the higher binding affinity of Erythrodiol, Apigenin and Luteolin inside NadR protein. The overall study provides a rationale to use Erythrodiol, Apigenin, and Luteolin in the drug development as anti-adhesive drugs lead. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Yassin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - H R Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis, Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M A Ghandour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - M M Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Nenadis N, Pyrka I, Tsimidou MZ. The Contribution of Theoretical Prediction Studies to the Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Bioactive Secoiridoids Encountered in Olive Tree Products and By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:2267. [PMID: 36903511 PMCID: PMC10005156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the antioxidant activity of different types of natural compounds is a complex research area that encompasses various in vitro tests and in vivo studies. Sophisticated modern analytical tools permit the unambiguous characterization of the compounds present in a matrix. The contemporary researcher, knowing the chemical structure of the compounds present, can carry out quantum chemical calculations that provide important physicochemical information assisting the prediction of antioxidant potential and the mechanism behind the activity of target compounds before further experimentation. The efficiency of calculations is steadily improved due to the rapid evolution of both hardware and software. It is possible, consequently, to study compounds of medium or even larger size, incorporating also models that simulate the liquid phase (solution). This review contributes to the establishment of theoretical calculations as an inherent part of the antioxidant activity assessment process, having as a case study the complex mixtures of olive bioactive secoiridoids (oleuropein, ligstroside, and related compounds). The literature indicates great variability in theoretical approaches and models used so far for only a limited number of this group of phenolic compounds. Proposals are made for standardization of methodology (reference compounds, DFT functional, basis set size, and solvation model) to facilitate comparisons and communication of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Z. Tsimidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Šimat V, Skroza D, Tabanelli G, Čagalj M, Pasini F, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Fernández-Fernández C, Sterniša M, Smole Možina S, Ozogul Y, Generalić Mekinić I. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extracts from Six Mediterranean Olive Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091656. [PMID: 36139730 PMCID: PMC9495989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed for each cultivar and the total phenolic content showed high variability (ranging from 4 to 22 mg GAE/g of dry extract), with the highest amount of phenolics found in the Oblica sample, which also provided the highest antiradical (ORAC) and reducing activity (FRAP). The screening of individual compounds was performed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS and the main detected compounds were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleoside/secologanoside, verbascoside, rutin, luteolin glucoside, hydroxyoleuropein, and ligstroside. While the antioxidant activity of the samples was relatively high, they showed no bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. Typhimurium; weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria innocua; and inhibitory effects against Campylobacter jejuni at 0.5 mg dry extract/mL. The obtained results support the fact that olive leaf extracts, and especially those from the Oblica cultivar, could potentially be applied in various industries as natural preservatives and effective and inexpensive sources of valuable antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Šimat
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21510192
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Čagalj
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Federica Pasini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Baysal G, Olcay HS, Keresteci B, Özpinar H. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan encapsulated with the bee pollen and the apple cider vinegar. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:995-1011. [PMID: 35044283 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2031463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the chitosan, a polysaccharide, was encapsulated with the bee pollen and the apple cider vinegar. The freeze-drying method was used in the encapsulation process. The freeze cooling temperature was determined as -80 °C. The obtained encapsulated chitosan compounds were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and their molecular weights were determined by the cryoscopy method. The total amount of the phenol compounds and % the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds were measured by UV spectrophotometer and, the loading capacity of the polyphenol compounds in encapsulation was determined. The success of encapsulation was calculated based on the % encapsulation efficiency (%EE) calculation. The antibacterial and the surface activity properties of the obtained CSx and CSy compounds were analyzed against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Salmonella bacteria using the well diffusion method and the Zeiss microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Baysal
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sena Olcay
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buse Keresteci
- Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haydar Özpinar
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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