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Momtaz F, Momtaz E, Mehrgardi MA, Momtaz M, Narimani T, Poursina F. Enhanced antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/chitosan films with NiO-CuO nanoparticles for food packaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7356. [PMID: 38548906 PMCID: PMC10978958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Packaging is very important to maintain the quality of food and prevent the growth of microbes. Therefore, the use of food packaging with antimicrobial properties protects the food from the growth of microorganisms. In this study, antibacterial nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/chitosan (PVA/ST/CS) together with nickel oxide-copper oxide nanoparticles (NiO-CuONPs) are prepared for food packaging. NiO-CuONPs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and structural characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) was carried out by XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. Composites of PVA/ST/CS, containing different percentages of NPs, were prepared by casting and characterized by FTIR and FESEM. The mechanical properties, diffusion barrier, and thermal stability were determined. The nanoparticles have a round structure with an average size of 6.7 ± 1.2 nm. The cross-section of PVA/ST/CS film is dense, uniform, and without cracks. In the mechanical tests, the addition of NPs up to 1% improved the mechanical properties (TS = 31.94 MPa), while 2% of NPs lowered TS to 14.76 MPa. The fibroblast cells toxicity and the films antibacterial activity were also examined. The films displayed stronger antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, these films have no toxicity to fibroblast cells and the survival rate of these cells in contact with the films is more than 84%. Therefore, this film is recommended for food packaging due to its excellent mechanical and barrier properties, good antibacterial activity, and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Elham Momtaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Masoud A Mehrgardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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Momtaz M, Momtaz E, Mehrgardi MA, Momtaz F, Narimani T, Poursina F. Preparation and characterization of gelatin/chitosan nanocomposite reinforced by NiO nanoparticles as an active food packaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:519. [PMID: 38177381 PMCID: PMC10767100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Food packaging with antibacterial properties has attracted much attention recently. In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation and then gelatin/chitosan polymer films (GEL/CS) with different percentages of NiONPs, bio-nanocomposites, were prepared by casting. Morphology, crystal microstructure, molecular interactions and thermal stabilities of the NPs and the composite films were characterized by FESEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA, respectively. The bio-nanocomposite films exhibited excellent barrier, thermal and mechanical properties by addition of an optimized content of NPs. For example, the tensile strength (TS) of the GEL/CS film without NPs was 23.83 MPa and increased to 30.13 MPa by incorporation of 1% NPs. The antibacterial properties and toxicity of the films were investigated. These films show good antibacterial behavior against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared to Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Furthermore, the films were found to be non-toxic to fibroblast cells that came into contact with the films, with a survival rate of more than 88%. Therefore, these films can be applied for food packaging due to their excellent mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Momtaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Masoud A Mehrgardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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Cobos Á, Díaz O. Impact of Nanoclays Addition on Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Flour Film Properties. Foods 2023; 13:75. [PMID: 38201103 PMCID: PMC10778780 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chickpea flour is an affordable natural blend of starch, proteins, and lipids, which can create films with suitable properties as an eco-friendly packaging material. Nanoclays' incorporation into natural biopolymers enhances the barrier properties of the resulting nanocomposites, so they could improve the properties of flour films. The objective of this work was to assess the influence of three types of nanoclays (halloysite, bentonite, and Cloisite 20A) at two concentrations on the characteristics of chickpea flour films. In general terms, when the lowest dose (5%) was added, no or very slight significant differences with the control were observed in most parameters, except for thermal stability and opacity, which increased, and solubility, which decreased. At the highest concentration (10%), films containing any of the nanoclays demonstrated greater thermal stability, opacity, and rigidity while being less soluble than those without nanofillers. Bentonite exhibited superior film structure distribution compared to other nanoclays. At the highest concentration, it had the most significant impact on modifying the properties of chickpea flour films, increasing their tensile and puncture strengths while decreasing elasticity and water vapor permeability. The incorporation of nanoclays into chickpea flour films could be a useful technique to enhance their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Díaz
- Área de Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Ali A, Bairagi S, Ganie SA, Ahmed S. Polysaccharides and proteins based bionanocomposites as smart packaging materials: From fabrication to food packaging applications a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126534. [PMID: 37640181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food industry is the biggest and rapidly growing industries all over the world. This sector consumes around 40 % of the total plastic produced worldwide as packaging material. The conventional packaging material is mainly petrochemical based. However, these petrochemical based materials impose serious concerns towards environment after its disposal as they are nondegradable. Thus, in search of an appropriate replacement for conventional plastics, biopolymers such as polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, chitosan, natural gums, etc.), proteins (gelatin, collagen, soy protein, etc.), and fatty acids find as an option but again limited by its inherent properties. Attention on the initiatives towards the development of more sustainable, useful, and biodegradable packaging materials, leading the way towards a new and revolutionary green era in the food sector. Eco-friendly packaging materials are now growing dramatically, at a pace of about 10-20 % annually. The recombination of biopolymers and nanomaterials through intercalation composite technology at the nanoscale demonstrated some mesmerizing characteristics pertaining to both biopolymer and nanomaterials such as rigidity, thermal stability, sensing and bioactive property inherent to nanomaterials as well as biopolymers properties such as flexibility, processability and biodegradability. The dramatic increase of scientific research in the last one decade in the area of bionanocomposites in food packaging had reflected its potential as a much-required and important alternative to conventional petroleum-based material. This review presents a comprehensive overview on the importance and recent advances in the field of bionanocomposite and its application in food packaging. Different methods for the fabrication of bionanocomposite are also discussed briefly. Finally, a clear perspective and future prospects of bionanocomposites in food packaging were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Kargil Campus, University of Ladakh, Kargil 194103, India.
| | - Satyaranjan Bairagi
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Showkat Ali Ganie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile of Biomass Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Mendhar, Jammu & Kashmir 185211, India; Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu 180001, India; University Centre of Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.
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5
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Faisal M, Bevilacqua M, Bro R, Bordallo HN, Kirkensgaard JJK, Hebelstrup KH, Blennow A. Colorimetric pH indicators based on well-defined amylose and amylopectin matrices enriched with anthocyanins from red cabbage. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126250. [PMID: 37562464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare a novel colorimetric indicator film from virtually pure (99 %) amylose (AM) and anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage (RCA). The AM used was a unique engineered bulk material extracted from transgenic barley grains. Films produced by solution casting were compared to normal barely starch (NB) and pure barley amylopectin (AP), with amylose contents of 30 % and 0 %, respectively. The pH-indicator films were produced by incorporation of RCA into the different starch support matrices with different amylose contents. Barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties, photo degradation stability, and release behavior data revealed that RCA interact differently through the glucan matrices. Microstructural observations showed that RCA were evenly dispersed in the glucan matrix, and AM+RCA indicator films showed high UV-barrier and mechanical performance over normal starch. FTIR revealed that RCA was properly affected by the AM matrix. Moreover, the AM+RCA films showed sensitive color changes in the pH range (2-11) and a predominant Fickian diffusion release mechanism for RCA. This study provides for the first time data regarding AM films with RCA and their promising potential for application as support matrices in responsive food and other industrial biodegradable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Faisal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Bevilacqua
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heloisa N Bordallo
- Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Perera KY, Hopkins M, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Nanoclays-containing bio-based packaging materials: properties, applications, safety, and regulatory issues. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 14:1-23. [PMID: 36747507 PMCID: PMC9893189 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-023-00525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging is an important concept for consumer satisfaction and the increased shelf life of food products. The introduction of novel food packaging materials has become an emerging trend in recent years, which could be mainly due to environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging and to reduce food waste. Recently, numerous studies have been carried out on nanoclays or nanolayered silicate to be used in packaging material development as reinforcing filler composites. Different types of nanoclays have been used as food packaging materials, while montmorillonite (MMT), halloysite, bentonite (BT), Cloisite, and organically modified nanoclays have become of great interest. The incorporation of nanoclays into the packaging matrix improves the mechanical and barrier properties and at the same time prolongs the biodegradation of the packaging material. The purpose of this article is to examine the development of nanoclay-based food packaging materials. The review article highlights the current state of research on bio-based polymers with nanoclay for food packaging. In addition, the report analyses the mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial characteristics of nanoclay-based food packaging materials. Finally, it discusses the migration of nanoclays, toxicity levels, and the legislation associated with the application of nanoclays. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpani Y. Perera
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
| | - Maille Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
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Abdullah, Cai J, Hafeez MA, Wang Q, Farooq S, Huang Q, Tian W, Xiao J. Biopolymer-based functional films for packaging applications: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1000116. [PMID: 36071940 PMCID: PMC9441959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food packaging is a coordinated system comprising food processing, protection from contamination and adulteration, transportation and storage, and distribution and consumption at optimal cost with a minimum environmental impact to the packed food commodity. Active packaging involves deliberate addition of the functional ingredients either in the film or the package headspace to preserve the food quality, improve safety and nutrition aspects, and enhance the shelf-life. In this review, recent advances in the fabrication of biopolymer-based films, their classification (biodegradable-, active-, and intelligent packaging films), advanced fabrication strategies (composite-, multilayer-, and emulsified films), and special functions induced by the biopolymers to the film matrix (mechanical-, water resistance and gas barrier-, and optical properties, and bioactive compounds reservoir) were briefly discussed. A summary of conclusions and future perspectives of biopolymer-based packaging films as advanced biomaterial in preserving the food quality, improving safety and nutrition aspects, and enhancing shelf-life of the products was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Hafeez
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Farooq
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Wenni Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pan Y, Shen Y, Zhang H, Ran X, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Fine-tuned regulation of photosynthetic performance via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supply coupled with high initial cell density culture for economic starch production in microalgae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:52. [PMID: 38647858 PMCID: PMC10992858 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered as renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels and biorefinery. High cell density culture is favourable for photoautotrophic starch production in microalgae in the aspects of productivity and economy, but it often encounters low starch content or extra stress exposure that limits the production. This study aimed to economically enhance photosynthetic starch production from CO2 fixation in a green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis by regulating photosynthetic stress status with a signalling molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with the application of high initial cell density culture. By increasing initial cell density (ICD) from the normal of 1.1 g L-1 (NICD) to as high as 2.8 g L-1 (HICD), the starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity were improved by 7%, 63%, and 42%, respectively. The addition of GABA under HICD resulted in 14%, 19%, and 26% of further enhancement in starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity, respectively. GABA exhibited distinct regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis and stress status under HICD relative to NICD. GABA augmented excessive light energy absorption and electron transfer through photosystem II that reinforced the photoinhibition under NICD, while alleviated the stress reversely under HICD, both of which facilitated starch production by enabling a suitable stress status while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient photosynthetic activity. The increase of ICD and/or GABA supply particularly boosted amylopectin accumulation, leading to the changes in starch composition and was more favourable for fermentation-based biofuels production. Preliminary techno-economic analysis showed that the highest net extra benefit of 9.64 $ m-3 culture could be obtained under HICD with 2.5 mM GABA supply where high starch content (62%DW) and yield (2.5 g L-1) were achieved. The combined HICD-GABA regulation was a promising strategy for economic starch production from CO2 by microalgae for sustainable biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Functionality and Applicability of Starch-Based Films: An Eco-Friendly Approach. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092181. [PMID: 34574290 PMCID: PMC8467936 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of high amounts of petro-based plastics is a growing environmental devastation issue, leading to the urgent need to innovate eco-safe packaging materials at an equivalent cost to save the environment. Among different substitutes, starch-based types and their blends with biopolymers are considered an innovative and smart material alternative for petrol-based polymers because of their abundance, low cost, biodegradability, high biocompatibility, and better-quality film-forming and improved mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, starch is a valuable, sustainable food packaging material. The rising and growing importance of designing starch-based films from various sources for sustainable food packaging purposes is ongoing research. Research on "starch food packaging" is still at the beginning, based on the few studies published in the last decade in Web of Science. Additionally, the functionality of starch-based biodegradable substances is technically a challenge. It can be improved by starch modification, blending starch with other biopolymers or additives, and using novel preparation techniques. Starch-based films have been applied to packaging various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, bakery goods, and meat, indicating good prospects for commercial utilization. The current review will give a critical snapshot of starch-based films' properties and potential applicability in the sustainable smart (active and intelligent) new packaging concepts and discuss new challenges and opportunities for starch bio composites.
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