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Xie L, Palmroth S, Yin C, Oren R. Extramatrical mycelial biomass is mediated by fine root mass and ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition across tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175175. [PMID: 39111434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In many ecosystems, a large fraction of gross primary production is invested in mycorrhiza. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is involved in regulating soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, little is known about how mycelial biomass, production and turnover differ depending on ECM fungal community composition and associated tree species. We quantified fine root biomass and length using soil cores, and mycelial traits (biomass, production, and turnover) using mesh-bags and ergosterol analysis, and identified ECM exploration types by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of four ECM-dominated tree species (Picea asperata, Larix gmelinii, Quercus aquifolioides and Betula albosinensis) in subalpine forest. The ECM fungal community composition separated between needle-leaved and broadleaved species, and between evergreen and deciduous species. The ratio of mycelial to fine root biomass was similar across the species regardless of genus-scale community composition and the relative abundance of exploration types. Compared to the other species, Q. aquifolioides displayed higher fine root biomass and mycelial biomass and production, dominated by contact-short exploration type. Mycelial turnover rate tended to be lowest in P. asperata, dominated by medium-long exploration type. Much higher production of mycelium and only slightly higher turnover rate in Q. aquifolioides suggests that its steady-state mycelial biomass would be higher than of the other species. Moreover, compared to the two deciduous species, with similar production but somewhat lower turnover rate, the standing crop of mycelium in P. asperata may stabilize at a higher value. Our findings, that exploration type may affect production and turnover, highlight the importance of characterizing ECM fungal communities by exploration types when estimating the contribution of mycelium biomass to forest carbon sink and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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García de Jalón L, Limousin JM, Richard F, Gessler A, Peter M, Hättenschwiler S, Milcu A. Microhabitat and ectomycorrhizal effects on the establishment, growth and survival of Quercus ilex L. seedlings under drought. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229807. [PMID: 32502167 PMCID: PMC7274372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of tree recruitment in Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests is threatened by the increasing intensity, duration and frequency of drought periods. Seedling germination and growth are modulated by complex interactions between abiotic (microhabitat conditions) and biotic factors (mycorrhiza association) that may mitigate the impacts of climate change on tree recruitment. To better understand and anticipate these effects, we conducted a germination experiment in a long-term precipitation reduction (PR) field experiment where we monitored seedling establishment and survival, micro-habitat conditions and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization by different mycelia exploration types during the first year of seedling growth. We hypothesized that (i) the PR treatment decreases seedling survival relative to the control with ambient conditions, (ii) microhabitat conditions of water and light availability are better predictors of seedling survival than the PR treatment, (iii) the PR treatment will favour the development of ECM exploration types with drought-resistance traits such as differentiated rhizomorphs. Contrary to our first hypothesis, seedling survival was lower in control plots with overall higher soil moisture. Micro-habitat light and soil moisture conditions were better predictors of seedling survival and growth than the plot-level PR treatment, confirming our second hypothesis. Furthermore, in line with our third hypothesis, we found that ECM with longer extramatrical mycelia were more abundant in the PR treatment plots and were positively correlated to survival, which suggests a potential role of this ECM exploration type in seedling survival and recruitment. Although summer drought was the main cause of seedling mortality, our study indicates that drier conditions in spring can increase seedling survival, presumably through a synergistic effect of drought adapted ECM species and less favourable conditions for root pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García de Jalón
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier (UPS-3248), CNRS, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
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Burke DJ, Carrino‐Kyker SR, Burns JH. Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Burke
- The Holden Arboretum Kirtland Ohio 44094 USA
- The Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | | | - Jean H. Burns
- The Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
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Loizides M, Bellanger JM, Assyov B, Moreau PA, Richard F. Present status and future of boletoid fungi (Boletaceae) on the island of Cyprus: Cryptic and threatened diversity unravelled by ten-year study. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ectomycorrhizal Colonisation in Declining Oak Stands on the Krotoszyn Plateau, Poland. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal species at three English oak (Quercus robur) sites (two 120 year old sites and one 60 year old site). The three oak stands in decline, located in western Poland, were characterized by a low degree of vital ECM colonization: 30.2%, 29.1% and 25.6% at Krotoszyn (K), Piaski (P) and Karczma Borowa (KB), respectively. DNA (ITS) barcoding revealed a total of 18 ECM fungal species. Based on exploration types, ectomycorrhizae were classified with respect to ecologically relevant features. The contact type was significantly correlated with C:N and Corg, while the short distance type was correlated with Ca, phosphorus (P2O5) and pH. The medium distance exploration type was significantly correlated with fine-grained soil particle size fractions: coarse silt (0.05–0.02 mm) and fine silt (0.02–0.002 mm), and clay (<0.002 mm). The long distance type showed a similar pattern to the medium distance smooth type, but was also correlated with nitrate (N). The values of biometric root parameters of oak trees at the analysed forest sites were arranged as follows: K > P > KB, and were opposite to the condition of the tree crowns. A negative correlation of vital ECM root tip abundance with the crown health status of oaks was observed, whereas higher ECM diversity reflected better crown health in the oak stands studied.
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Root diameter predicts the extramatrical hyphal exploration distance of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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García-Guzmán OM, Garibay-Orijel R, Hernández E, Arellano-Torres E, Oyama K. Word-wide meta-analysis of Quercus forests ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity reveals southwestern Mexico as a hotspot. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:811-822. [PMID: 28819747 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quercus is the most diverse genus of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host plants; it is distributed in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, from temperate to tropical regions. However, their ECM communities have been scarcely studied in comparison to those of conifers. The objectives of this study were to determine the richness of ECM fungi associated with oak forests in the Cuitzeo basin in southwestern Mexico; and to determine the level of richness, potential endemism and species similarity among ECM fungal communities associated with natural oak forests worldwide through a meta-analysis. The ITS DNA sequences of ECM root tips from 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 1065 species of ECM fungi have been documented worldwide; however, 812 species have been only found at one site. Oak forests in Europe contain 416 species, Mexico 307, USA 285, and China 151. Species with wider distributions are Sebacinaceae sp. SH197130, Amanita subjunquillea, Cenococcum geophilum, Cortinarius decipiens, Russula hortensis, R. risigallina, R. subrubescens, Sebacinaceae sp. SH214607, Tomentella ferruginea, and T. lapida. The meta-analysis revealed (1) that Mexico is not only a hotspot for oak species but also for their ECM mycobionts. (2) There is a particularly high diversity of ECM Pezizales in oak seasonal forests from western USA to southwestern Mexico. (3) The oak forests in southwestern Mexico have the largest number of potential endemic species. (4) Globally, there is a high turnover of ECM fungal species associated with oaks, which indicates high levels of alpha and beta diversity in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Mariana García-Guzmán
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edith Hernández
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elsa Arellano-Torres
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad. Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Expropiación Petrolera INDECO, Mexico City, Michoacán, Mexico
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Persistence of ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus montezumae in experimental microcosms. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Associations between an Invasive Plant (Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Medusahead) and Soil Microbial Communities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163930. [PMID: 27685330 PMCID: PMC5042559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding plant-microbe relationships can be important for developing management strategies for invasive plants, particularly when these relationships interact with underlying variables, such as habitat type and seedbank density, to mediate control efforts. In a field study located in California, USA, we investigated how soil microbial communities differ across the invasion front of Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead), an annual grass that has rapidly invaded most of the western USA. Plots were installed in habitats where medusahead invasion is typically successful (open grassland) and typically not successful (oak woodland). Medusahead was seeded into plots at a range of densities (from 0-50,000 seeds/m2) to simulate different levels of invasion. We found that bacterial and fungal soil community composition were significantly different between oak woodland and open grassland habitats. Specifically, ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in oak woodlands while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens were more abundant in open grasslands. We did not find a direct effect of medusahead density on soil microbial communities across the simulated invasion front two seasons after medusahead were seeded into plots. Our results suggest that future medusahead management initiatives might consider plant-microbe interactions.
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Carrino-Kyker SR, Kluber LA, Petersen SM, Coyle KP, Hewins CR, DeForest JL, Smemo KA, Burke DJ. Mycorrhizal fungal communities respond to experimental elevation of soil pH and P availability in temperate hardwood forests. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw024. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Burke DJ. Effects of annual and interannual environmental variability on soil fungi associated with an old-growth, temperate hardwood forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv053. [PMID: 25979478 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and interannual variability in temperature, precipitation and chemical resources may regulate fungal community structure in forests but the effect of such variability is still poorly understood. In this study, I examined changes in fungal communities over two years and how these changes were correlated to natural variation in soil conditions. Soil cores were collected every month for three years from permanent plots established in an old-growth hardwood forest, and molecular methods were used to detect fungal species. Species richness and diversity were not consistent between years with richness and diversity significantly affected by season in one year but significantly affected by depth in the other year. These differences were associated with variation in late winter snow cover. Fungal communities significantly varied by plot location, season and depth and differences were consistent between years but fungal species within the community were not consistent in their seasonality or in their preference for certain soil depths. Some fungal species, however, were found to be consistently correlated with soil chemistry across sampled years. These results suggest that fungal community changes reflect the behavior of the individual species within the community pool and how those species respond to local resource availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Burke
- The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA The Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Taschen E, Sauve M, Taudiere A, Parlade J, Selosse MA, Richard F. Whose truffle is this? Distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in T
uber melanosporum
brûlés developed in multi-host Mediterranean plant communities. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2747-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taschen
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Mathieu Sauve
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Adrien Taudiere
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Javier Parlade
- Sustainable Plant Protection; IRTA; Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2 Cabrils, Barcelona 08348 Spain
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205 ISYEB); Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP 50, 45 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
| | - Franck Richard
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
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