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Hu B, Flemetakis E, Liu Z, Hänsch R, Rennenberg H. Significance of nitrogen-fixing actinorhizal symbioses for restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soil. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:752-764. [PMID: 37002002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2)-fixing legume trees are frequently used for the restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. However, biological N2 fixation (BNF) can also be performed by so-called actinorhizal plants. Actinorhizal plants include a high diversity of woody species and therefore can be applied in a broad spectrum of environments. In contrast to N2-fixing legumes, the potential of actinorhizal plants for soil restoration remains largely unexplored. In this Opinion, we propose related basic research requirements for the characterization of environmental stress responses that determine the restoration potential of actinorhizal plants for depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. We identify advantages and unexplored processes of actinorhizal plants and describe a mainly uncharted avenue of future research for this important group of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Transcriptome Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Casuarina glauca in Damage Mitigation of Roots on NaCl Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010015. [PMID: 35056464 PMCID: PMC8780529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Casuarina glauca grows in coastal areas suffering long-term damage due to high salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can colonize their roots to alleviate the effects of salt stress. However, the specific molecular mechanism still needs to be further explored. Our physiological and biochemical analysis showed that Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation played an important role in promoting plant growth, regulating ion balance, and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Transcriptome analysis of roots revealed that 1827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were affected by both R. irregularis inoculation and NaCl stress. The enrichment of GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) showed that most of these DEGs were significantly enriched in ion transport, antioxidant enzyme activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell wall. HAK5, KAT3, SKOR, PIP1-2, PER64, CPER, GLP10, MYB46, NAC43, WRKY1, and WRKY19 were speculated to play the important roles in the salt tolerance of C. glauca induced by R. irregularis. Our research systematically revealed the effect of R. irregularis on the gene expression of C. glauca roots under salt stress, laying a theoretical foundation for the future use of AMF to enhance plant tolerance to salt stress.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zeng B, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen J, Zhong C, Deng R, Fan C. Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12133. [PMID: 34616610 PMCID: PMC8464194 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High soil salinity seriously affects plant growth and development. Excessive salt ions mainly cause damage by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidation stress. Casuarina equisetifolia is a highly salt-tolerant plant, commonly grown as wind belts in coastal areas with sandy soils. However, little is known about its physiology and the molecular mechanism of its response to salt stress. RESULTS Eight-week-old C. equisetifolia seedlings grown from rooted cuttings were exposed to salt stress for varying durations (0, 1, 6, 24, and 168 h under 200 mM NaCl) and their ion contents, cellular structure, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Potassium concentration decreased slowly between 1 h and 24 h after initiation of salt treatment, while the content of potassium was significantly lower after 168 h of salt treatment. Root epidermal cells were shed and a more compact layer of cells formed as the treatment duration increased. Salt stress led to deformation of cells and damage to mitochondria in the epidermis and endodermis, whereas stele cells suffered less damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with more genes showing differential expression after 24 h and 168 h of exposure than after shorter durations of exposure to salinity. Signal transduction and ion transport genes such as HKT and CHX were enriched among DEGs in the early stages (1 h or 6 h) of salt stress, while expression of genes involved in programmed cell death was significantly upregulated at 168 h, corresponding to changes in ion contents and cell structure of roots. Oxidative stress and detoxification genes were also expressed differentially and were enriched among DEGs at different stages. CONCLUSIONS These results not only elucidate the mechanism and the molecular pathway governing salt tolerance, but also serve as a basis for identifying gene function related to salt stress in C. equisetifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chonglu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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Alencar NLM, Oliveira ABDE, Alvarez-Pizarro JC, Marques EC, Prisco JT, Gomes-Filho E. Differential responses of dwarf cashew clones to salinity are associated to osmotic adjustment mechanisms and enzymatic antioxidative defense. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20180534. [PMID: 33787681 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120180534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluate growth, gas exchange, solute accumulation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in dwarf cashew clones subjected to salinity. Shoot dry mass reduced 26.8% (CCP06) and 41.2% (BRS189) at 16 dS m-1, concerning control. For net photosynthesis, CCP06 and BRS189 presented 69.8% and 34.7% of reduction, respectively. Na+ and Cl- contents increased in leaves and roots, in both clones, although CCP06 leaves presented Na+ concentrations lower than those of BRS189, the first one was the clone that the most accumulated such toxic ion, whereas K+ content remained almost unchanged for both clones. Soluble N-amino was the organic solute that more varied with salinity in cashew seedlings. Salt stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in both clones, mainly 16 dS m-1 treatment. Additionally, salinity promoted increases in ascorbate and guaiacol peroxidase activities, and the last enzyme was the main involved in H2O2 removal. Despite the reductions in growth and gas exchange, dwarf cashew seedlings of both clones presented an osmotic adjustment mechanism, and an efficient enzymatic antioxidant system that were able to attenuate the salt and oxidative stress, respectively. Our research suggested that BRS189 clone is more tolerant to salt stress than CCP06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Lídia M Alencar
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará/IFCE, Campus Paracuru, Av. Antônio Sales, 1943-1947, 62680-000 Paracuru, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus do Pici, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juan C Alvarez-Pizarro
- Universidade Federal do Cariri/UFCA, Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Elton C Marques
- Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Campus do Pici, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José T Prisco
- Pesquisador do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Campus do Pici, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Pesquisador do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Campus do Pici, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Graça I, Mendes VM, Marques I, Duro N, da Costa M, Ramalho JC, Pawlowski K, Manadas B, Pinto Ricardo CP, Ribeiro-Barros AI. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Nodulated and Non-Nodulated Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. Grown under Salinity Conditions Using Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E78. [PMID: 31861944 PMCID: PMC6982049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casuarina glauca displays high levels of salt tolerance, but very little is known about how this tree adapts to saline conditions. To understand the molecular basis of C. glauca response to salt stress, we have analyzed the proteome from branchlets of plants nodulated by nitrogen-fixing Frankia Thr bacteria (NOD+) and non-nodulated plants supplied with KNO3 (KNO3+), exposed to 0, 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl. Proteins were identified by Short Gel, Long Gradient Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry and quantified by Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra -Mass Spectrometry. 600 proteins were identified and 357 quantified. Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) were multifunctional and mainly involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism, Cellular Processes, and Environmental Information Processing. The number of DEPs increased gradually with stress severity: (i) from 7 (200 mM NaCl) to 40 (600 mM NaCl) in KNO3+; and (ii) from 6 (200 mM NaCl) to 23 (600 mM NaCl) in NOD+. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified different interacting proteins involved in general metabolic pathways as well as in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with different response networks related to salt stress. Salt tolerance in C. glauca is related to a moderate impact on the photosynthetic machinery (one of the first and most important stress targets) as well as to an enhancement of the antioxidant status that maintains cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Graça
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
- Plant Biochemistry Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade de Coimbra, UC Biotech—Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Isabel Marques
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Nuno Duro
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
- Plant Biochemistry Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Mário da Costa
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
- Plant Biochemistry Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - José C. Ramalho
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade de Coimbra, UC Biotech—Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Cândido P. Pinto Ricardo
- Plant Biochemistry Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.G.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (M.d.C.); (J.C.R.)
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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An update on research on Frankia and actinorhizal plants on the occasion of the 18th meeting of the Frankia-actinorhizal plants symbiosis. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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