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Wang M, Xiang L, Tang W, Chen X, Li C, Yin C, Mao Z. Apple-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis confers resistance to Fusarium solani by inducing defense response and elevating nitrogen absorption. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14355. [PMID: 38783519 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium solani exerts detrimental effects on plant growth, which is one of the reasons for the incidence of apple replant disease. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant resistance to Fusarium wilt; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the symbiosis between apple and AMF and explored the physiology, especially nitrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic performance, when infected by F. solani. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, namely -AMF - F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, and + AMF + F. solani. In this study, the -AMF + F. solani treatment increased the activity of enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the nitrate and nitrite reductases, in the apple root system. The +AMF + F. solani treatment showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the -AMF + F. solani by F. solani infection. The apple seedlings of the +AMF + F. solani treatment decreased reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced the oxidative damages triggered by F. solani infection. The improvement in antioxidant capacity due to the +AMF + F. solani treatment was closely associated with the upregulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The F. solani infection greatly damaged the photosynthetic process, while the +AMF + F. solani treatment significantly improved it compared to the -AMF + F. solani treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the apple-AMF symbiosis plays an active role in regulating the resistance against F. solani infection by enhancing defense response and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Weixiao Tang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Pathak PK, Yadav N, Kaladhar VC, Jaiswal R, Kumari A, Igamberdiev AU, Loake GJ, Gupta KJ. The emerging roles of nitric oxide and its associated scavengers-phytoglobins-in plant symbiotic interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:563-577. [PMID: 37843034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A key feature in the establishment of symbiosis between plants and microbes is the maintenance of the balance between the production of the small redox-related molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and its cognate scavenging pathways. During the establishment of symbiosis, a transition from a normoxic to a microoxic environment often takes place, triggering the production of NO from nitrite via a reductive production pathway. Plant hemoglobins [phytoglobins (Phytogbs)] are a central tenant of NO scavenging, with NO homeostasis maintained via the Phytogb-NO cycle. While the first plant hemoglobin (leghemoglobin), associated with the symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and bacterial Rhizobium species, was discovered in 1939, most other plant hemoglobins, identified only in the 1990s, were considered as non-symbiotic. From recent studies, it is becoming evident that the role of Phytogbs1 in the establishment and maintenance of plant-bacterial and plant-fungal symbiosis is also essential in roots. Consequently, the division of plant hemoglobins into symbiotic and non-symbiotic groups becomes less justified. While the main function of Phytogbs1 is related to the regulation of NO levels, participation of these proteins in the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants and microorganisms represents another important dimension among the other processes in which these key redox-regulatory proteins play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Yadav
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rekha Jaiswal
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Corpas FJ, Ahmad P. Nitric oxide, salicylic acid and oxidative stress: Is it a perfect equilateral triangle? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:56-64. [PMID: 35636332 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical involved in the regulation of a wide array of physio-biochemical phenomena in plants. The biological activity of NO directly depend on its cellular concentration which usually changes under stress conditions, it participates in maintaining cellular redox equilibrium and regulating target checkpoints which control switches among development and stress. It is one of the key players in plant signalling and a plethora of evidence supports its crosstalk with other phytohormones. NO and salicylic acid (SA) cooperation is also of great physiological relevance, where NO modulates the immune response by regulating SA linked target proteins i.e., non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes (NPR-1 and NPR-2) and Group D bZIP (basic leucine zipper domain transcription factor). Many experimental data suggest a functional cooperative role between NO and SA in mitigating the plant oxidative stress which suggests that these relationships could constitute a metabolic "equilateral triangle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Jabeen Z, Fayyaz HA, Irshad F, Hussain N, Hassan MN, Li J, Rehman S, Haider W, Yasmin H, Mumtaz S, Bukhari SAH, Khalofah A, Al-Qthanin RN, Alsubeie MS. Sodium nitroprusside application improves morphological and physiological attributes of soybean (Glycine max L.) under salinity stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248207. [PMID: 33861749 PMCID: PMC8051766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is among the major abiotic stresses negatively affecting the growth and productivity of crop plants. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) -an external nitric oxide (NO) donor- has been found effective to impart salinity tolerance to plants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is widely cultivated around the world; however, salinity stress hampers its growth and productivity. Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of SNP in improving morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of soybean under salinity stress. Data relating to biomass, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, activities of various antioxidant enzymes, ion content and ultrastructural analysis were collected. The SNP application ameliorated the negative effects of salinity stress to significant extent by regulating antioxidant mechanism. Root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll contents, activities of various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were improved with SNP application under salinity stress compared to control treatment. Similarly, plants treated with SNP observed less damage to cell organelles of roots and leaves under salinity stress. The results revealed pivotal functions of SNP in salinity tolerance of soybean, including cell wall repair, sequestration of sodium ion in the vacuole and maintenance of normal chloroplasts with no swelling of thylakoids. Minor distortions of cell membrane and large number of starch grains indicates an increase in the photosynthetic activity. Therefore, SNP can be used as a regulator to improve the salinity tolerance of soybean in salt affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jabeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Asma Fayyaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Irshad
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Junying Li
- Bio-Ultrastructure Analysis Laboratory of Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Haider
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mumtaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahlam Khalofah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Bin-Abdul-Aziz Center for Environment and Tourism Studies and Researches, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moodi Saham Alsubeie
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kaya C, Ashraf M, Wijaya L, Ahmad P. The putative role of endogenous nitric oxide in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defence system in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under water stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:119-128. [PMID: 31493672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been rarely tested for their effective roles in mitigation of deleterious effects of water stress (WS) on plants. In addition, the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) in BR-improved plant tolerance to water stress needs to be elucidated. So, a trial was carried out to uncover the contribution of NO in BR-induced tolerance of pepper plants to WS. For well-watered and water-stressed plants, soil water availability was sustained at 80% and 40% of the full water storage capacity, respectively. BR (24-epibrassinolide, EB; 1.0 μM) was sprayed to the leaves of both well-watered and water stressed-pepper plants every two days for 10 days prior to the initiation of stress treatment. After starting WS treatment, cPTIO was sprayed to plant leaves twice a week for four weeks. Water stress caused a reduced plant growth and oxidative stress, but the application of EB increased plant growth and reversed the oxidative stress. The EB treatment increased endogenous NO and reinforced antioxidant defence systems, but the cPTIO application reversed the NO levels, downregulated the antioxidant defence systems, and aggravated oxidative damages caused by WS. These results show that EB-induced NO generation and NO-mediated antioxidant defence systems might be crucial mechanisms for EB-improved tolerance of pepper plants to WS. So, both EB and NO jointly are responsible for achieving improved tolerance of pepper plants to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Tian L, Chang C, Ma L, Nasir F, Zhang J, Li W, Tran LSP, Tian C. Comparative study of the mycorrhizal root transcriptomes of wild and cultivated rice in response to the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:35. [PMID: 31076886 PMCID: PMC6510786 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice, which serves as a staple food for more than half of the world's population, is very susceptible to the pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. However, common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), which is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa), has significant potential as a genetic source of resistance to M. oryzae. Recent studies have shown that the domestication of rice has altered its relationship to symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizae. A comparative response of wild and domestic rice inhabited by mycorrhizae to infection by M. oryzae has not been documented. RESULTS In the current study, roots of wild and cultivated rice colonized with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus intraradices were used to compare the transcriptomic responses of the two species to infection by M. oryzae. Phenotypic analysis indicated that the colonization of wild and cultivated rice with R. intraradices improved the resistance of both genotypes to M. oryzae. Wild AM rice, however, was more resistant to M. oryzae than the cultivated AM rice, as well as nonmycorrhizal roots of wild rice. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the mechanisms regulating the responses of wild and cultivated AM rice to M. oryzae invasion were significantly different. The expression of a greater number of genes was changed in wild AM rice than in cultivated AM rice in response to the pathogen. Both wild and cultivated AM rice exhibited a shared response to M. oryzae which included genes related to the auxin and salicylic acid pathways; all of these play important roles in pathogenesis-related protein synthesis. In wild AM rice, secondary metabolic and biotic stress-related analyses indicated that the jasmonic acid synthesis-related α-linolenic acid pathway, the phenolic and terpenoid pathways, as well as the phenolic and terpenoid syntheses-related mevalonate (MVA) pathway were more affected by the pathogen. Genes related to these pathways were more significantly enriched in wild AM rice than in cultivated AM rice in response to M. oryzae. On the other hand, genes associated with the 'brassinosteroid biosynthesis' were more enriched in cultivated AM rice. CONCLUSIONS The AMF R. intraradices-colonized rice plants exhibited greater resistance to M. oryzae than non-AMF-colonized plants. The findings of the current study demonstrate the potential effects of crop domestication on the benefits received by the host via root colonization with AMF(s), and provide new information on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, results of this study can also help develop guidelines for the applications of AMF(s) when planting rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
| | - Chunling Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lina Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun City, Jilin China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102 China
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Franzini VI, Azcón R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Aroca R. Rhizobial symbiosis modifies root hydraulic properties in bean plants under non-stressed and salinity-stressed conditions. PLANTA 2019; 249:1207-1215. [PMID: 30603790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobial symbiosis improved the water status of bean plants under salinity-stress conditions, in part by increasing their osmotic root water flow. One of the main problems for agriculture worldwide is the increasing salinization of farming lands. The use of soil beneficial microorganisms stands up as a way to tackle this problem. One approach is the use of rhizobial N2-fixing, nodule-forming bacteria. Salinity-stress causes leaf dehydration due to an imbalance between water lost through stomata and water absorbed by roots. The aim of the present study was to elucidate how rhizobial symbiosis modulates the water status of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants under salinity-stress conditions, by assessing the effects on root hydraulic properties. Bean plants were inoculated or not with a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain and subjected to moderate salinity-stress. The rhizobial symbiosis was found to improve leaf water status and root osmotic water flow under such conditions. Higher content of nitrogen and lower values of sodium concentration in root tissues were detected when compared to not inoculated plants. In addition, a drop in the osmotic potential of xylem sap and increased amount of PIP aquaporins could favour higher root osmotic water flow in the inoculated plants. Therefore, it was found that rhizobial symbiosis may also improve root osmotic water flow of the host plants under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Ide Franzini
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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