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Ye L, Yang X, Zhang B, Zhou J, Tian H, Zhang X, Li X. Seasonal Succession of Fungal Communities in Native Truffle ( Tuber indicum) Ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0019523. [PMID: 37338363 PMCID: PMC10370315 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00195-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Truffles are a rare underground fungus and one of the most expensive, and sought-after kitchen ingredients in the world. Microbial ecology plays an important role in the annual growth cycle of truffles, but fungal communities in native truffle ecosystems are still largely unknown, especially for Tuber indicum from China. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities were described associated with four T. indicum-producing plots (TPPs) and one non-truffle-producing plot in four successive growing seasons. A total of 160 biological samples were collected, 80 of which were used for the determination of 10 soil physicochemical indices and 80 for Illumina-based analysis of the fungal microbiome. Soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities exhibited considerable seasonal variation. Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Mucormycoides dominated. The core microbiome work on the microecological changes in TPPs, and the identified core members contribute to the seasonal succession of communities. The genus Tuber occupies a central position in healthy TPPs. There was a strong correlation between soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities. The genus Tuber showed a positive correlation with Ca, Mg, and total nitrogen, but a negative correlation with total phosphorus and available potassium. This study describes the complex ecological dynamics of soil physicochemical indices and fungal communities occurring during the annual cycle of Tuber indicum, and highlights the succession of core communities in truffle plots, which contribute to better protection of native truffle ecosystems and control of mycorrhizal fungal contamination in artificial truffle plantations in China. IMPORTANCE The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities associated with four Tuber indicum-producing plots and one non truffle producing plot in four different growing seasons are described. Soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities exhibited considerable seasonal variation. This study examines the complex ecological dynamics of soil physicochemical indices and fungal communities occurring during the annual cycle of Tuber indicum and highlights the succession of core communities in truffle plots, which contributes to better protection of native truffle ecosystems and control of mycorrhizal fungal contamination in artificial truffle plantations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhen Yang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Huang L, Li Y, Yuan J, Wan S, Colinas C, He X, Shi X, Wang Y, Yu F. Tuber indicum and T. lijiangense colonization differentially regulates plant physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial community of Castanopsis rockii seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134446. [PMID: 37123847 PMCID: PMC10130384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Black truffles and white truffles are widely studied around the world, but their effects on plant growth and physiological responses, and on the mycorrhizosphere bacterial community of the host plant remain unclear. Here, mycorrhizal colonization of Castanopsis rockii by Tuber indicum (Chinese black truffle) and T. lijiangense (Chinese white truffle), respectively, was induced in a greenhouse study, and their effects on host growth, physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial communities were compared. The results show that colonization of both Tuber species significantly increased leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf P concentration and mycorrhizosphere acid phosphatase activity, as well as richness of mycorrhizosphere bacterial communities of C. rockii seedlings. However, T. indicum colonization on the one hand significantly decreased tartrate content, bacterial acid phosphatase, phoC gene abundance in the mycorrhizosphere, and peroxidase (POD) activity of ectomycorrhizal root tips, but on the other hand increased mycorrhizosphere pH and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of ectomycorrhizal root tips, compared to T. lijiangense colonization. Moreover, principal coordinate and β-diversity analyses show significant differences in mycorrhizosphere bacterial community composition between T. indicum and T. lijiangese colonized C. rockii seedlings. Finally, the relative abundance of the bacterium Agromyces cerinus significantly correlated to mycorrhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and leaf P concentration, suggesting that this bacterium might play an important role in P mobilization and acquisition. Overall, these results suggest that T. indicum and T. lijiangense differently regulate their host plant's physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shanping Wan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Carlos Colinas
- Department of Crop and Forest Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xinhua He
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Guizhou Kangqunyuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanliang Wang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanliang Wang, ; Fuqiang Yu,
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanliang Wang, ; Fuqiang Yu,
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Huang LL, Wang YL, Guerin-Laguette A, Wang R, Zhang P, Li YM, Yu FQ. Ectomycorrhizal synthesis between two Tuber species and six tree species: are different host-fungus combinations having dissimilar impacts on host plant growth? MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:341-351. [PMID: 35608677 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Truffle cultivation has drawn more and more attention for its high economic and ecological values in the world. To select symbionts suitable for cultivation purposes, we conducted greenhouse-based mycorrhization trials of two Tuber species (T. formosanum and T. pseudohimalayense) with five broad-leaved tree species (Corylus yunnanensis, Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata, Q. acutissima, Q. robur, Q. variabilis) and one conifer species (Pinus armandii). Axenically germinated seedlings of all tree species were either inoculated, or not, with spore suspensions of these two truffles in the greenhouse. Eight months after inoculation, T. formosanum or T. pseudohimalayense ectomycorrhizae were successfully formed on these six tree species, as evidenced by both morphological and molecular analyses. All selected trees showed good receptivity to mycorrhization by both fungi, with average colonization rates visually estimated at 40-50%. Plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake were assessed 2 years after inoculation and were mainly affected by host species. Mycorrhization by both fungi significantly improved P uptake of the hosts, and the interaction between truffle species and host plant species had significant effects on leaf water and leaf K concentrations. In addition, a significantly negative correlation between leaf Ca and leaf C concentration was found across all the seedlings. In addition, mycorrhization had slightly increased plant stem and canopy, but had no significant effects on plant photosynthesis. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of these two Tuber ECMF on plant growth and nutrient acquisition depend on the identity of the host species. Moreover, all selected plant species could be symbiotic partners with either T. pseudohimalayense or T. formosanum for field cultivation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan-Liang Wang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Alexis Guerin-Laguette
- Mycotree C/-Southern Woods Nursery, 1002 Robinsons Road, RD8, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ran Wang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Kang Z, Li X, Li Y, Ye L, Zhang B, Zhang X, Penttinen P, Gu Y. Black Truffles Affect Quercus aliena Physiology and Root-Associated nirK- and nirS-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities in the Initial Stage of Inoculation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:792568. [PMID: 35572648 PMCID: PMC9096950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.792568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles (Tuber spp.) are edible ectomycorrhizal fungi with high economic value. Bacteria in ectomycorrhizosphere soils are considered to be associated with the nutrient uptake of truffles and hosts. Whether Tuber spp. inoculation can affect the growth of Quercus aliena, the ectomycorrhizosphere soil, and the rhizosphere nirK and nirS-denitrifier communities at the ectomycorrhizae formation stage is still unclear. Therefore, we inoculated Q. aliena with the black truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum, determined the physiological activity and morphological indices of Q. aliena seedlings, analyzed the physicochemical properties of ectomycorrhizosphere soils, and applied DNA sequencing to assess the nirK and nirS- denitrifier community structure in ectomycorrhizosphere soils. Peroxidase activity was higher in the seedlings inoculated with T. melanosporum than in the T. indicum inoculation and uninoculated control treatments. The available phosphorus contents were lower and nitrate contents were higher in those with truffle inoculation, and T. melanosporum treatment differed more from the control than the T. indicum treatment. The richness of the nirK-community was highest in the T. indicum treatment and lowest in the uninoculated treatment. The differences in nirK-community composition across treatments were not statistically significant, but the nirS communities were different. The nirS-type bacteria correlated with three environmental factors (pH, available phosphorus, and nitrate contents), whereas the nirK-type bacteria were only associated with the nitrate contents. Generally, this work revealed that inoculation with Tuber spp. would change a few nutrient contents and richness of nirK-type bacteria and had little effects on growth of Q. aliena seedlings in the initial stage of inoculation. The results of this study may provide in-depth insights into the relationships between Tuber spp. and hosts, which should be taken into account when developing truffle production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Gwon JH, Park H, Eom AH. Mycorrhization of Quercus spp. with Tuber huidongense and T. himalayense Collected in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:104-109. [PMID: 35571858 PMCID: PMC9067973 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2065717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Tuber are ectomycorrhizal fungi that form a symbiotic relationship mainly with oak and hazel trees. Tuber spp. exhibit a highly selective host plant preference; thus, for cultivation purposes it is important to select an appropriate host plant for successful mycorrhization. In addition, as mycorrhizal characteristics differ according to Tuber spp., it is necessary to understand the differences in mycorrhizae according to the fungal species. Tuber huidongense and Tuber himalayense were recently discovered in Korea; therefore, we used spore suspensions from these two species to inoculate two species of oak trees, Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata, to compare colonization rates and morphologies of the mycorrhizae. The colonization rates demonstrated that the different Tuber spp. favored different host plant species. In addition, unique morphological and anatomical characteristics were observed for T. huidongense and T. himalayense depending on the host species. These findings can lead to new economically important agricultural activities related to truffle cultivation in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hui Gwon
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeok Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ahn-Heum Eom
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
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Huang LL, Guerin-Laguette A, Wang R, Li YM, Yu FQ. Mycorrhizal synthesis of Tuber pseudohimalayense with seven broad-leaved trees and Pinus armandii. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:322-330. [PMID: 37089468 PMCID: PMC9721521 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Truffle cultivation is successfully applied throughout the world for several truffles of European origin. However, just two Chinese black truffles (Tuber indicum and T. himalayense) have been cultivated with a favorable outcome so far. Tuber pseudohimalayense is a black truffle of significant economic relevance in China, but little is known about its mycorrhizal ecology and it is not cultivated in orchards yet. Here, we selected seven broad-leaved tree species (Quercus fabrei, Q. aliena, Castanea mollissima, Carya illinoinensis, Q. glauca, Castanopsis orthacantha, Betula costata), and one coniferous tree (Pinus armandii), and inoculated them with T. pseudohimalayense spore suspension using axenically germinated seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The obtained mycorrhizae, well-developed, were analyzed from the morpho-anatomical and molecular points of view, and their main characteristics described. Synthesized T. pseudohimalayense mycorrhizae showed similar characters on all tree species, with a typical interlocking pseudoparenchymatous mantle and Hartig net, swollen appearance, yellow-brownish color, and long hyaline emanating hyphae with right-angle ramifications. These features are similar to those reported for mycorrhizae formed by related black truffle species. The successful mycorrhizal synthesis of T. pseudohimalayense on multiple trees species indicates that it has potential for cultivation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | | | - Ran Wang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science
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