1
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Liao S, Wei L, Abriata LA, Stellacci F. Control and Characterization of the Compactness of Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Liao
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lixia Wei
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A. Abriata
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Higgs PL, Appleton JL, Turnbull WB, Fulton DA. Exploiting the Structural Metamorphosis of Polymers to 'Wrap' Micron-Sized Spherical Objects. Chemistry 2021; 27:17647-17654. [PMID: 34665484 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing methods to 'wrap' nano- and micron-sized biological objects within films that may offer protection, enhance their stability or improve performance. We describe the successful 'wrapping' of lectin-decorated microspheres, which serve as appealing model micron-sized objects, within cross-linked polymer film. This approach utilizes polymer chains able to undergo a structural metamorphosis, from being intramolecularly cross-linked to intermolecularly cross-linked, a process that is triggered by polymer concentration upon the particle surface. Experiments demonstrate that both complementary molecular recognition and the dynamic covalent nature of the crosslinker are required for successful 'wrapping' to occur. This work is significant as it suggests that nano- and micron-sized biological objects such as virus-like particles, bacteria or mammalian cells-all of which may benefit from additional environmental protection or stabilization in emerging applications-may also be 'wrapped' by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Higgs
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jordan L Appleton
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural MolecularBiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David A Fulton
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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3
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Bai S, Ma LL, Yang T, Wang F, Wang LF, Hahn FE, Wang YY, Han YF. Supramolecular-induced regiocontrol over the photochemical [4 + 4] cyclodimerization of NHC- or azole-substituted anthracenes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2165-2171. [PMID: 34163981 PMCID: PMC8179318 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the impressive control that microenvironments within enzymes can have over substrates, many biological reactions occur with high regio- and stereoselectivity. However, comparable regio- and stereoselectivity is extremely difficult to achieve for many types of reactions, particularly photochemical cycloaddition reactions in homogeneous solutions. Here, we describe a supramolecular templating strategy that enables photochemical [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 2,6-difunctionalized anthracenes with unique regio- and stereoselectivity and reactivity using a concept known as the supramolecular approach. The reaction of 2,6-azolium substituted anthracenes H4-L(PF6)2 (L = 1a–1c) with Ag2O yielded complexes anti-[Ag2L2](PF6)4 featuring an antiparallel orientation of the anthracene groups. Irradiation of complexes anti-[Ag2L2](PF6)4 proceeded under [4 + 4] cycloaddition linking the two anthracene moieties to give cyclodimers anti-[Ag2(2)](PF6)2. Reaction of 2,6-azole substituted anthracenes with a dinuclear complex [Cl-Au-NHC–NHC-Au-Cl] yields tetranuclear assemblies with the anthracene moieties oriented in syn-fashion. Irradiation and demetallation gives a [4 + 4] syn-photodimer of two anthracenes. The stereoselectivity of the [4 + 4] cycloaddition between two anthracene moieties is determined by their orientation in the metallosupramolecular assemblies. A supramolecular templating strategy that enables the photochemical [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 2,6-difunctionalized anthracene derivatives with unique stereoselectivity has been developed based on metal-NHC units.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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4
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Chen R, Berda EB. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Re-examining Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1836-1843. [PMID: 35653673 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) are a class of polymeric nanoparticles obtained from the intramolecular cross-linking of polymers bearing reactive pendant groups. The development of SCNP has drawn tremendous attention since the fabrication of SCNP mimics the self-folding behavior in natural biomacromolecules and is highly desirable for a variety of applications ranging from catalysis, nanomedicine, nanoreactors, and sensors. The versatility of novel chemistries available for SCNP synthesis has greatly expanded over the past decade. Significant progress was also made in the understanding of a structure-property relationship in the single-chain folding process. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the effect of precursor polymer topology on single polymer folding. We summarize the progress in SCNP of complex architectures and highlight unresolved issues in the field, such as scalability and topological purity of SCNP.
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5
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Engelke J, Tuten BT, Schweins R, Komber H, Barner L, Plüschke L, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. An in-depth analysis approach enabling precision single chain nanoparticle design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is a vibrant field in macromolecular science. However, to achieve an in-depth understanding of the nature of intramolecular polymer folding, a step-change in the methodologies for SCNP analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- DS/LSS
- CS 20 156
- 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9
- France
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Laura Plüschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
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6
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Kislyak A, Frisch H, Gernhardt M, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR, Barner‐Kowollik C. Time‐Dependent Differential and Integral Quantum Yields for Wavelength‐Dependent [4+4] Photocycloadditions. Chemistry 2019; 26:478-484. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kislyak
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology Ghent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
| | - Marvin Gernhardt
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology Ghent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Textiles Science and Technology Ghent University Technologiepark 70a 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
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7
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Nitsche T, Steinkoenig J, De Bruycker K, Bloesser FR, Blanksby SJ, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping the Compaction of Discrete Polymer Chains by Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Engelke J, Brandt J, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. Strengths and limitations of size exclusion chromatography for investigating single chain folding – current status and future perspectives. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches for Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs) developed rapidly during the last decade, opening a multitude of avenues for the design of functional macromolecular chains able to collapse into defined nanoparticles. However, the analytical evaluation of the SCNP formation process still requires critical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Josef Brandt
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Albena Lederer
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
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9
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Kröger APP, Paulusse JMJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles in controlled drug delivery and targeted imaging. J Control Release 2018; 286:326-347. [PMID: 30077737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a relatively new class of materials, single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) just entered the field of (biomedical) applications, with recent advances in polymer science enabling the formation of bio-inspired nanosized architectures. Exclusive intramolecular collapse of individual polymer chains results in individual nanoparticles. With sizes an order of magnitude smaller than conventional polymer nanoparticles, SCNPs are in the size regime of many proteins and viruses (1-20 nm). Multifaceted syntheses and design strategies give access to a wide set of highly modular SCNP materials. This review describes how SCNPs have been rendered water-soluble and highlights ongoing research efforts towards biocompatible SCNPs with tunable properties for controlled drug delivery, targeted imaging and protein mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pia P Kröger
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Frisch H, Menzel JP, Bloesser FR, Marschner DE, Mundsinger K, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemistry in Confined Environments for Single-Chain Nanoparticle Design. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9551-9557. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jan P. Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - David E. Marschner
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Bae S, Galant O, Diesendruck CE, Silberstein MN. Tailoring single chain polymer nanoparticle thermo-mechanical behavior by cross-link density. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2808-2816. [PMID: 28345097 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) are formed from intrachain cross-linking of a single polymer chain, making SCPN distinct from other polymer nanoparticles for which the shape is predefined before polymerization. The degree of cross-linking in large part determines the internal architecture of the SCPNs and therefore their mechanical and thermomechanical properties. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study thermomechanical behavior of individual SCPNs with different underlying structures by varying the ratio of cross-linking and the degree of polymerization. We characterize the particles in terms of shape, structure, glass transition temperature, mobility, and stress response to compressive loading. The results indicate that the constituent monomers of SCPNs become less mobile as the degree of cross-linking is increased corresponding to lower diffusivity and higher stress at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Bae
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, NY14850, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Hanlon
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Christopher K. Lyon
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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13
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Lyon CK, Hill EO, Berda EB. Zipping Polymers into Nanoparticles via Intrachain Alternating Radical Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen O. Hill
- University of New Hamsphire; 23 Academic Way Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Erik B. Berda
- University of New Hamsphire; 23 Academic Way Durham NH 03824 USA
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14
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Altintas O, Barner-Kowollik C. Single-Chain Folding of Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Update. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:29-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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15
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Lyon CK, Prasher A, Hanlon AM, Tuten BT, Tooley CA, Frank PG, Berda EB. A brief user's guide to single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review we outline the various methods that have been explored to synthesize architecturally defined nanoparticles from discrete polymer chains, summarize the methods of characterization that are required to prove their formation and probe their morphology, and introduce a number of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alka Prasher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Materials Science Program
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - Peter G. Frank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
- Materials Science Program
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