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Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Esa M, Khan A, Yan H. Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3187-3215. [PMID: 38590511 PMCID: PMC10999736 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) has acquired huge popularity owing to their potential applications in various fields. A large number of research articles exist in the literature describing the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications. However, these findings are scattered, making it time-consuming for researchers to locate promising advancements in Ag and Au NPs synthesis and their unexplored biomedical applications. Unlike other review articles, this systematic study not only highlights recent advancements in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs but also explores their potential unexplored biomedical applications. The article discusses the various synthesis approaches for the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs highlighting the emerging developments and novel strategies. Then, the article reviews the important biomedical applications of green synthesized Ag and Au NPs by critically evaluating the expected advantages. To expose future research direction in the field, the article describes the unexplored biomedical applications of the NPs. Finally, the articles discuss the challenges and limitations in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs and their biomedical applications. This article will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, working on green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujat Ali
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Esa
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
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Qi M, Wang X, Chen J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Jia J, Li L, Yue T, Gao L, Yan B, Zhao B, Xu M. Transformation, Absorption and Toxicological Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles in the Gastrointestinal Tract Following Oral Exposure. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8851-8865. [PMID: 37145866 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral exposure is known as the primary way for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are commonly used as food additives or antibacterial agents in commercial products, to enter the human body. Although the health risk of AgNPs has been a concern and extensively researched over the past few decades, there are still numerous knowledge gaps that need to be filled to disclose what AgNPs experience in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and how they cause oral toxicity. In order to gain more insight into the fate of AgNPs in the GIT, the main gastrointestinal transformation of AgNPs, including aggregation/disaggregation, oxidative dissolution, chlorination, sulfuration, and corona formation, is first described. Second, the intestinal absorption of AgNPs is presented to show how AgNPs interact with epithelial cells and cross the intestinal barrier. Then, more importantly, we make an overview of the mechanisms underlying the oral toxicity of AgNPs in light of recent advances as well as the factors affecting the nano-bio interactions in the GIT, which have rarely been thoroughly elaborated in published literature. At last, we emphatically discuss the issues that need to be addressed in the future to answer the question "How does oral exposure to AgNPs cause detrimental effects on the human body?".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Qi
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingxiangyu Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Al-khattaf FS. Gold and silver nanoparticles: Green synthesis, microbes, mechanism, factors, plant disease management and environmental risks. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3624-3631. [PMID: 34121906 PMCID: PMC8176005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles were being used in different processes of developmental sectors like agriculture, industry, medical and pharmaceuticals. Nano-biotechnology along with sustainable organic chemistry has immense potential to reproduce innovative and key components of the systems to support surrounding environment, human health, and industry sustainably. Different unconventional methods were being used in green chemistry to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles from various microbes. So, we reviewed different biological processes for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. We also studied the mechanism of the synthesis process and procedures to characterize them. Some metallic nanoparticles have shown their potential to act as antimicrobial agent against plant pathogens. Here, we outlined green nanoparticles synthesized from microbes and highlighted their role against plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah S. Al-khattaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Salem SS, Fouda A. Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Prospective Biotechnological Applications: an Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:344-370. [PMID: 32377944 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living cells is a promising and novelty tool in bionanotechnology. Chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize NPs; however, biological methods are preferred due to its eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, easy, and effective sources for high productivity and purity. High pressure or temperature is not required for the green synthesis of NPs, and the use of toxic and hazardous substances and the addition of external reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents are avoided. Intra- or extracellular biosynthesis of NPs can be achieved by numerous biological entities including bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, actinomycetes, and plant extracts. Recently, numerous methods are used to increase the productivity of nanoparticles with variable size, shape, and stability. The different mechanical, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties of NPs have been related to their shape, size, surface charge, and surface area. Detection and characterization of biosynthesized NPs are conducted using different techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, XRD, zeta potential analyses, etc. NPs synthesized by the green approach can be incorporated into different biotechnological fields as antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant agents; as a control for phytopathogens; and as bioremediative factors, and they are also used in the food and textile industries, in smart agriculture, and in wastewater treatment. This review will address biological entities that can be used for the green synthesis of NPs and their prospects for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem S Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ovais M, Khalil AT, Ayaz M, Ahmad I, Nethi SK, Mukherjee S. Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles via Microbial Enzymes: A Mechanistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4100. [PMID: 30567324 PMCID: PMC6321641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, metal nanoparticles (MtNPs) have gained immense popularity due to their characteristic physicochemical properties, as well as containing antimicrobial, anti-cancer, catalyzing, optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Primarily, these MtNPs have been synthesized through different physical and chemical methods. However, these conventional methods have various drawbacks, such as high energy consumption, high cost and the involvement of toxic chemical substances. Microbial flora has provided an alternative platform for the biological synthesis of MtNPs in an eco-friendly and cost effective way. In this article we have focused on various microorganisms used for the synthesis of different MtNPs. We also have elaborated on the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of MtNP synthesis in microorganisms, and have highlighted their advantages along with their challenges. Moreover, due to several advantages over chemically synthesized nanoparticles, the microbial MtNPs, with their exclusive and dynamic characteristics, can be used in different sectors like the agriculture, medicine, cosmetics and biotechnology industries in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Life sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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