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Jiang B, Zhang N, Xing Y, Lian L, Chen Y, Zhang D, Li G, Sun G, Song Y. Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides: novel degraders, kinetics, functional genes, and genotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21668-21681. [PMID: 31129897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Farmland soil sprayed with organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) annually was investigated for the identification and characterization of OP-degrading microorganisms. Six bacterial strains were identified, including Brevundimonas faecalis MA-B12 and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis MA-B13 for methamidophos degradation, Citrobacter freundii TF-B21 and Ochrobactrum intermedium TF-B23 for trichlorfon degradation, Ochrobactrum intermedium DV-B31 for dichlorvos degradation, and Bacillus cereus for dimethoate degradation. The optimal biodegradation conditions for OPs were obtained at pH 7.0 and incubation temperature ranging from 28 to 37 °C. In an 8-day batch test, biodegradation of the four OPs all followed first-order kinetics, with biodegradation rates ranging from 58.08 to 96.42%. Functional genes responsible for OPs degradation were obtained, including ophB, ampA, opdE, opd, opdA, and mpd. As these strains were indigenous strains isolated from farmland soils, they can be potentially used as bacterial consortium for the bioremediation of mixed OP-contaminated soils. A time-course genotoxicity assessment of the degradation products was done by a bacterial whole-cell bioreporter, revealing that biodegradation of trichlorfon, dichlorvos, and dimethoate resulted a decreased genotoxicity within 5 days, which, however, significantly increased on day 8. The result demonstrated that more toxic products may be produced during the biodegradation processes of OPs, and more attention should be put not only on the pesticides themselves, but also on the toxic effects of their degradation products. To the best of our knowledge, this is for the first time that the genotoxicity of OP degradation products was evaluated by the bioreporter assay, broadening our understanding on the genotoxic risks of OPs during biodegradation process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luning Lian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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Ahmad M, Pataczek L, Hilger TH, Zahir ZA, Hussain A, Rasche F, Schafleitner R, Solberg SØ. Perspectives of Microbial Inoculation for Sustainable Development and Environmental Management. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2992. [PMID: 30568644 PMCID: PMC6289982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How to sustainably feed a growing global population is a question still without an answer. Particularly farmers, to increase production, tend to apply more fertilizers and pesticides, a trend especially predominant in developing countries. Another challenge is that industrialization and other human activities produce pollutants, which accumulate in soils or aquatic environments, contaminating them. Not only is human well-being at risk, but also environmental health. Currently, recycling, land-filling, incineration and pyrolysis are being used to reduce the concentration of toxic pollutants from contaminated sites, but too have adverse effects on the environment, producing even more resistant and highly toxic intermediate compounds. Moreover, these methods are expensive, and are difficult to execute for soil, water, and air decontamination. Alternatively, green technologies are currently being developed to degrade toxic pollutants. This review provides an overview of current research on microbial inoculation as a way to either replace or reduce the use of agrochemicals and clean environments heavily affected by pollution. Microorganism-based inoculants that enhance nutrient uptake, promote crop growth, or protect plants from pests and diseases can replace agrochemicals in food production. Several examples of how biofertilizers and biopesticides enhance crop production are discussed. Plant roots can be colonized by a variety of favorable species and genera that promote plant growth. Microbial interventions can also be used to clean contaminated sites from accumulated pesticides, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and other industrial effluents. The potential of and key processes used by microorganisms for sustainable development and environmental management are discussed in this review, followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Pataczek
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Hilger
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Svein Ø. Solberg
- World Vegetable Center, Tainan, China
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Anaerobic digestion of spent mushroom substrate under thermophilic conditions: performance and microbial community analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:499-507. [PMID: 29079864 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residue of edible mushroom production occurring in huge amounts. The SMS residue can be digested for biogas production in the mesophilic anaerobic digestion. In the present study, performance of batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) of SMS was investigated as well as the interconnected microbial population structure changes. The analyzed batch TAD process lasted for 12 days with the cumulative methane yields of 177.69 mL/g volatile solid (VS). Hydrolytic activities of soluble sugar, crude protein, and crude fat in SMS were conducted mainly in the initial phase, accompanied by the excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids and low methane yield. Biogas production increased dramatically from days 4 to 6. The degradation rates of cellulose and hemicellulose were 47.53 and 55.08%, respectively. The high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that Proteobacteria (56.7%-62.8%) was the dominant phylum in different fermentative stages, which was highly specific compared with other anaerobic processes of lignocellulosic materials reported in the literature. Crenarchaeota was abundant in the archaea. The most dominant genera of archaea were retrieved as Methanothermobacter and Methanobacterium, but the latter decreased sharply with time. This study shows that TAD is a feasible method to handle the waste SMS.
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