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Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Recent insight into the advances and prospects of microbial lipases and their potential applications in industry. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00498-7. [PMID: 38489100 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial sectors. These biocatalysts not only ensure sustainability and safety but also enhance process efficiency through their unique specificity. Lipases possess versatility as biocatalysts and find utilization in diverse bioconversion reactions. Presently, microbial lipases are gaining significant focus owing to the rapid progress in enzyme technology and their widespread implementation in multiple industrial procedures. This updated review presents new knowledge about various origins of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast. It highlights both the traditional and modern purification methods, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), moreover, delves into the diverse applications of microbial lipases across several industries, such as food, vitamin esters, textile, detergent, biodiesel, and bioremediation. Furthermore, the present research unveils the obstacles encountered in employing lipase, the patterns observed in lipase engineering, and the application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology for altering the genes responsible for lipase production. Additionally, the immobilization of microorganisms' lipases onto various carriers also contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiencies of lipases in terms of their catalytic activities. This is achieved by boosting their resilience to heat and ionic conditions (such as inorganic solvents, high-level pH, and temperature). The process also facilitates the ease of recycling them and enables a more concentrated deposition of the enzyme onto the supporting material. Consequently, these characteristics have demonstrated their suitability for application as biocatalysts in diverse industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Nascimben C, Tomaino E, Ceccotti Vlas N, Gabellone S, Saladino R. Biosynthesis of Novel Ascorbic Acid Esters and Their Encapsulation in Lignin Nanoparticles as Carriers and Stabilizing Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109044. [PMID: 37240391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A dual-target strategy was designed for the application of lignin nanoparticles in the lipase mediated biosynthesis of novel 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbyl-6-ferulate and 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate and in their successive solvent-shift encapsulation in order to improve stability and antioxidant activity against temperature and pH-dependent degradation. The loaded lignin nanoparticles were fully characterized in terms of kinetic release, radical scavenging activity and stability under pH 3 and thermal stress (60 °C), showing improved antioxidant activity and high efficacy in the protection of ascorbic acid esters from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Nascimben
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Natalia Ceccotti Vlas
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori"-IRST-IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Costa KAD, Catarina AS, Leal ICR, Sathler PC, de Oliveira D, de Oliveira AASC, Cansian RL, Dallago RM, Zeni J, Paroul N. Enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl oleate and evaluation of biological activities. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tufiño C, Bernal C, Ottone C, Romero O, Illanes A, Wilson L. Synthesis with Immobilized Lipases and Downstream Processing of Ascorbyl Palmitate. Molecules 2019; 24:E3227. [PMID: 31491845 PMCID: PMC6767233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbyl palmitate is a fatty acid ester endowed with antioxidant properties, used as a food additive and cosmetic ingredient, which is presently produced by chemical synthesis. Ascorbyl palmitate was synthesized from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid with a Pseudomonas stutzeri lipase immobilized on octyl silica, and also with the commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435. The latter was selected for optimizing the reaction conditions because of its high reactivity and stability in the solvent 2-methyl-2-butanol used as reaction medium. The reaction of the synthesis was studied considering temperature and molar ratio of substrates as variables and synthesis yield as response parameter. The highest yield in the synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate was 81%, obtained at 55 °C and an ascorbic acid to palmitic acid molar ratio of 1:8, both variables having a strong effect on yield. The synthesized ascorbyl palmitate was purified to 94.4%, with a purification yield of 84.2%. The use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) certified solvents with a polarity suitable for the solubilization of the compounds made the process a viable alternative for the synthesis and downstream processing of ascorbyl palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tufiño
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, Valparaíso 2085, Chile.
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán, La Serena 1305, Chile.
| | - Carminna Ottone
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, Valparaíso 2085, Chile.
| | - Oscar Romero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, Valparaíso 2085, Chile.
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, Valparaíso 2085, Chile.
| | - Lorena Wilson
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, Valparaíso 2085, Chile.
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Takagi S, Li J, Takagaki Y, Kitada M, Nitta K, Takasu T, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Ipragliflozin improves mitochondrial abnormalities in renal tubules induced by a high-fat diet. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:1025-1032. [PMID: 29352520 PMCID: PMC6123054 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Complete mechanisms of renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have not been elucidated yet. Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by membrane GTPases, such as optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2. Here, we investigated whether SGLT2 inhibition in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) improved mitochondrial morphology and restored mitochondrial biogenesis-related molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were fed a control diet or HFD with or without ipragliflozin treatment. After 16 weeks, the kidneys were taken out and utilized for the analysis. RESULTS HFD-fed mice treated with ipragliflozin showed increased caloric intake and ate more food than the control HFD-fed mice. Body and kidney weights, and blood glucose levels were not altered by ipragliflozin treatment in HFD-fed mice. Histological analysis showed that, compared with control mice, HFD-fed mice displayed tubular vacuolation, dilatation and epithelial cell detachment; ipragliflozin ameliorated these alterations. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis showed that the tubule mitochondria of HFD-fed mice exhibited significant damage. Again, ipragliflozin reversed the damage to a normal state, and restored optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2 levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in HFD-fed mice were suppressed by ipragliflozin as well. In vitro experiments using HK-2 cells revealed that either high glucose or high palmitate suppressed optic atrophy factor 1 and mitofusion 2 levels. Suppression of SGLT2 by a specific small interfering ribonucleic acid or ipragliflozin restored these GTPase levels to their normal values. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibition might act directly on tubular cells and protect kidney tubular cells from mitochondrial damage by metabolic insults regardless of blood glucose levels or improvement in bodyweight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takagi
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and TechnologyMedical Research InstituteKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Kyoko Nitta
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and TechnologyMedical Research InstituteKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and TechnologyMedical Research InstituteKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
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