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Ramírez CC, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Martín-Rufián M, Cárdenas-García C, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Lobo C, Benincore EP. A close-up view of the Hunter syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149490. [PMID: 38241811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Lysosomal Storage disease known as Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, is caused by mutations affecting the iduronate-2-sulfatase required for heparan and dermatan sulfate catabolism. The central nervous system (CNS) is mostly and severely affected by the accumulation of both substrates. The complexity of the CNS damage observed in MPS II patients has been limitedly explored. The use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics tools to identify protein profiles may yield valuable information about the pathological mechanisms of Hunter syndrome. In this further study, we provide a new comparative proteomic analysis of MPS II models by using a pipeline consisting of the identification of native protein complexes positioned selectively by using a specific antibody, coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, allowing us to identify changes involving in a significant number of new biological functions, including a specific brain antioxidant response, a down-regulated autophagic, the suppression of sulfur catabolic process, a prominent liver immune response and the stimulation of phagocytosis among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cardona Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada GIBGA, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eliana Patricia Benincore
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Kong W, Lu C, Ding Y, Meng Y. Molecular environment and atypical function: What do we know about enzymes associated with Mucopolysaccharidoses? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:112. [PMID: 35246201 PMCID: PMC8895820 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiency of enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycans degradation. Relationship between mucopolysaccharidoses and related enzymes has been clarified clearly. Based on such relationship, lots of therapies have been commercialized or are in the process of research and development. However, many potential treatments failed, because those treatments did not demonstrate expected efficacy or safety data. Molecular environment of enzyme, which is essential for their expression and activity, is fundamental for efficacy of therapy. In addition to enzyme activities, mucopolysaccharidoses-related enzymes have other atypical functions, such as regulation, which may cause side effects. This review tried to discuss molecular environment and atypical function of enzymes that are associated with mucopolysaccharidoses, which is very important for the efficacy and safety of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Beijing Hong Jian Medical Device Company, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingxue Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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3
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A molecular genetics view on Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108392. [PMID: 34893157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects male patients. With an incidence of 1 in 100,000 male live births, the disease is one of the orphan diseases. MPS II symptoms are caused by mutations in the lysosomal iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. The mutations cause a loss of enzymatic performance and result in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which are no longer degradable. This inadvertent accumulation causes damage in multiple organs and leads either to a severe neurological course or to an attenuated course of the disease, although the exact relationship between mutation, extent of GAG accumulation and disease progression is not yet fully understood. This review is intended to present current diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions. In times when the genetic profile of patients plays an increasingly important role in the assessment of therapeutic success and future drug design, we chose to further elucidate the impact of genetic diversity within the IDS gene on disease phenotype and potential implications in current diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. We report recent advances in the structural biological elucidation of I2S enzyme that that promises to improve our future understanding of the molecular damage of the hundreds of IDS gene variants and will aid damage prediction of novel mutations in the future.
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Juchniewicz P, Piotrowska E, Kloska A, Podlacha M, Mantej J, Węgrzyn G, Tukaj S, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Dosage Compensation in Females with X-Linked Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094514. [PMID: 33925963 PMCID: PMC8123450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the use of new genomic and metabolomic technologies, our comprehension of the molecular and biochemical etiologies of genetic disorders is rapidly expanding, and so are insights into their varying phenotypes. Dosage compensation (lyonization) is an epigenetic mechanism that balances the expression of genes on heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Many studies in the literature have suggested a profound influence of this phenomenon on the manifestation of X-linked disorders in females. In this review, we summarize the clinical and genetic findings in female heterozygotic carriers of a pathogenic variant in one of ten selected X-linked genes whose defects result in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Juchniewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6040
| | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
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A Variation in FGF14 Is Associated with Downbeat Nystagmus in a Genome-Wide Association Study. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:348-357. [PMID: 32157568 PMCID: PMC7198638 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a frequent form of acquired persisting central fixation nystagmus, often associated with other cerebellar ocular signs, such as saccadic smooth pursuit or gaze-holding deficits. Despite its distinct clinical features, the underlying etiology of DBN often remains unclear. Therefore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 106 patients and 2609 healthy controls of European ancestry to identify genetic variants associated with DBN. A genome-wide significant association (p < 5 × 10-8) with DBN was found for a variation on chromosome 13 located within the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14). FGF14 is expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) and a reduction leads to a decreased spontaneous firing rate and excitability of PCs, compatible with the pathophysiology of DBN. In addition, mutations in the FGF14 gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 27. Suggestive associations (p < 1 × 10-05) could be detected for 15 additional LD-independent loci, one of which is also located in the FGF14 gene. An association of a region containing the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and MutS Homolog 3 (MSH3) genes on chromosome 5 was slightly below the genome-wide significance threshold. DHFR is relevant for neuronal regulation, and a dysfunction is known to induce cerebellar damage. Among the remaining twelve suggestive associations, four genes (MAST4, TPPP, FTMT, and IDS) seem to be involved in cerebral pathological processes. Thus, this GWAS analysis has identified a potential genetic contribution to idiopathic DBN, including suggestive associations to several genes involved in postulated pathological mechanisms of DBN (i.e., impaired function of cerebellar PCs).
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Rigon L, De Filippis C, Napoli B, Tomanin R, Orso G. Exploiting the Potential of Drosophila Models in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Pathological Mechanisms and Drug Discovery. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030268. [PMID: 33800050 PMCID: PMC8000850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) represent a complex and heterogeneous group of rare genetic diseases due to mutations in genes coding for lysosomal enzymes, membrane proteins or transporters. This leads to the accumulation of undegraded materials within lysosomes and a broad range of severe clinical features, often including the impairment of central nervous system (CNS). When available, enzyme replacement therapy slows the disease progression although it is not curative; also, most recombinant enzymes cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, leaving the CNS untreated. The inefficient degradative capability of the lysosomes has a negative impact on the flux through the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways; therefore, dysregulation of these pathways is increasingly emerging as a relevant disease mechanism in LSDs. In the last twenty years, different LSD Drosophila models have been generated, mainly for diseases presenting with neurological involvement. The fruit fly provides a large selection of tools to investigate lysosomes, autophagy and endocytic pathways in vivo, as well as to analyse neuronal and glial cells. The possibility to use Drosophila in drug repurposing and discovery makes it an attractive model for LSDs lacking effective therapies. Here, ee describe the major cellular pathways implicated in LSDs pathogenesis, the approaches available for their study and the Drosophila models developed for these diseases. Finally, we highlight a possible use of LSDs Drosophila models for drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rigon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Concetta De Filippis
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.T.)
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Napoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.T.)
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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A cDNA analysis disclosed the discordance of genotype-phenotype correlation in a patient with attenuated MPS II and a 76-base deletion in the gene for iduronate-2-sulfatase. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100692. [PMID: 33335838 PMCID: PMC7734304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the genotype-phenotype correlation in MPS II is well-conserved in Japan (Kosuga et al., 2016). Almost all of our patients with attenuated MPS II have missense variants, which is expected to result in residual activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase. In contrast, our patients with severe MPS II have so-called null-type disease-associated variants, such as nonsense variants, frame-shifts, gene insertions, gene deletions and rearrangement with pseudogene (IDS2), none of which are expected to result in residual activity. However, we recently encountered a patient with attenuated MPS II who had a presumable null-type disease-associated variant and 76-base deletion located in exon 1 that extended into intron 1. To investigate this discordance, we extracted RNA from the leukocytes of the patient and performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. One of the bands of the cDNA analysis was found to include a nucleotide sequence whose transcript was expected to generate an almost full-length IDS mature peptide lacking only part of its signal peptide as well as only one amino acid at the end of the N-terminus. This suggests that an alternative splicing donor site is generated in exon 1 upstream of the deleted region. Based on these observations, we concluded that the phenotype-genotype discordance in this patient with MPS II was due to the decreased amount of IDS protein induced by the low level of the alternatively spliced mRNA, lacking part of the region coding for the signal peptide but including the region coding almost the full mature IDS protein. The first 25 amino acids at the N-terminus of IDS protein are a signal peptide. The alternative splice transcript has only 13 (1 M-13 L) of those 25 amino acids; 14G-25G are missing, suggesting that the exclusively hydrophobic 1 M-13 L of the signal peptide of IDS might have a crucial role in the signal peptide.
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8
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Modeling Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II in the Fruit Fly by Using the RNA Interference Approach. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110263. [PMID: 33142967 PMCID: PMC7692102 DOI: 10.3390/life10110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disorder that occurs due to the deficit of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) that leads to the storage of the glycosaminoglycan heparan- and dermatan-sulfate in all organs and tissues. It is characterized by important clinical features and the severe form presents with a heavy neurological involvement. However, almost nothing is known about the neuropathogenesis of MPS II. To address this issue, we developed a ubiquitous, neuronal, and glial-specific knockdown model in Drosophila melanogaster by using the RNA interference (RNAi) approach. Knockdown of the Ids/CG12014 gene resulted in a significant reduction of the Ids gene expression and enzymatic activity. However, glycosaminoglycan storage, survival, molecular markers (Atg8a, Lamp1, Rab11), and locomotion behavior were not affected. Even strongly reduced, IDS-activity was enough to prevent a pathological phenotype in a MPS II RNAi fruit fly. Thus, a Drosophila MPS II model requires complete abolishment of the enzymatic activity.
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9
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Lewis JJ, Van Belleghem SM, Papa R, Danko CG, Reed RD. Many functionally connected loci foster adaptive diversification along a neotropical hybrid zone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabb8617. [PMID: 32978147 PMCID: PMC7518860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the genetic complexity of adaptation and trait evolution is a major emphasis of evolutionary biology and genetics. Incongruent findings from genetic studies have resulted in conceptual models ranging from a few large-effect loci to massively polygenic architectures. Here, we combine chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, Hi-C, RNA sequencing, and 40 whole-genome sequences from Heliconius butterflies to show that red color pattern diversification occurred via many genomic loci. We find that the red wing pattern master regulatory transcription factor Optix binds dozens of loci also under selection, which frequently form three-dimensional adaptive hubs with selection acting on multiple physically interacting genes. Many Optix-bound genes under selection are tied to pigmentation and wing development, and these loci collectively maintain separation between adaptive red color pattern phenotypes in natural populations. We propose a model of trait evolution where functional connections between loci may resolve much of the disparity between large-effect and polygenic evolutionary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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10
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Pan X, Sands SA, Yue Y, Zhang K, LeVine SM, Duan D. An Engineered Galactosylceramidase Construct Improves AAV Gene Therapy for Krabbe Disease in Twitcher Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1039-1051. [PMID: 31184217 PMCID: PMC6761594 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase gene. In the infantile form, patients die before 3 years of age. Systemic adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) gene therapy was recently shown to reverse the disease course in human patients in another lethal infantile neurodegenerative disease. To explore AAV9 therapy for Krabbe disease, we engineered a codon-optimized AAV9 galactosylceramidase vector. We further incorporated features to allow AAV9-derived galactosylceramidase to more efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier and be secreted from transduced cells. We tested the optimized vector by a single systemic injection in the twitcher mouse, an authentic Krabbe disease model. Untreated twitcher mice showed characteristic neuropathology and motion defects. They died prematurely with a median life span of 41 days. Intravenous injection in 2-day-old twitcher mice reduced central and peripheral neuropathology and significantly improved the gait pattern and body weight. Noticeably, the median life span was extended to 150 days. Intraperitoneal injection in 6- to 12-day-old twitcher mice also significantly improved the motor function, body weight, and median life span (to 104 days). Our results far exceed the ≤70 days median life span seen in all reported stand-alone systemic AAV therapies. Our study highlights the importance of vector engineering for Krabbe disease gene therapy. The engineered vector warrants further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott A. Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven M. LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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11
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Cardona C, Benincore E, Pimentel N, Reyes LH, Patarroyo C, Rodríguez-López A, Martin-Rufian M, Barrera LA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Identification of the iduronate-2-sulfatase proteome in wild-type mouse brain. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01667. [PMID: 31193135 PMCID: PMC6517578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) is a lysosomal enzyme involved in the metabolism of the glycosaminoglycans heparan (HS) and dermatan (DS) sulfate. Mutations on IDS gene produce mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of HS and DS, leading to severe damage of the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. In this study, we used a neurochemistry and proteomic approaches to identify the brain distribution of IDS and its interacting proteins on wild-type mouse brain. IDS immunoreactivity showed a robust staining throughout the entire brain, suggesting an intracellular reactivity in nerve cells and astrocytes. By using affinity purification and mass spectrometry we identified 187 putative IDS partners-proteins, mainly hydrolases, cytoskeletal proteins, transporters, transferases, oxidoreductases, nucleic acid binding proteins, membrane traffic proteins, chaperons and enzyme modulators, among others. The interactions with some of these proteins were predicted by using bioinformatics tools and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and Blue Native PAGE. In addition, we identified cytosolic IDS-complexes containing proteins from predicted highly connected nodes (hubs), with molecular functions including catalytic activity, redox balance, binding, transport, receptor activity and structural molecule activity. The proteins identified in this study would provide new insights about IDS physiological role into the CNS and its potential role in the brain-specific protein networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cardona
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Benincore
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Pimentel
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Process and Product Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Patarroyo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Martin-Rufian
- Central Services Research Support, Proteomics Unit, Universidad de Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Alejandro Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clínica de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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