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Zhao C, Zhao J, Han J, Mei Y, Fang H. Improved consolidated bioprocessing for itaconic acid production by simultaneous optimization of cellulase and metabolic pathway of Neurospora crassa. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:57. [PMID: 38685114 PMCID: PMC11059683 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulose was directly used in itaconic acid production by a model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The promoters of two clock control genes and cellobiohydrolase 1 gene were selected for heterologous genes expression by evaluating different types of promoters. The effect of overexpression of different cellulase was compared, and it was found that expression of cellobiohydrolase 2 from Trichoderma reesei increased the filter paper activity by 2 times, the cellobiohydrolase activity by 4.5 times, and that the itaconic acid titer was also significantly improved. A bidirectional cis-aconitic acid accumulation strategy was established by constructing the reverse glyoxylate shunt and expressing the transporter MTTA, which increased itaconic acid production to 637.2 mg/L. The simultaneous optimization of cellulase and metabolic pathway was more conducive to the improvement of cellulase activity than that of cellulase alone, so as to further increase itaconic acid production. Finally, through the combination of fermentation by optimized strains and medium optimization, the titers of itaconic acid using Avicel and corn stover as substrate were 1165.1 mg/L and 871.3 mg/L, respectively. The results prove the potential of the consolidated bioprocessing that directly converts lignocellulose to itaconic acid by a model cellulase synthesizing strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Department of Vaccine, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaojie Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Wu T, Li J, Tian C. Fungal carboxylate transporters: recent manipulations and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5909-5922. [PMID: 37561180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids containing acidic groups with additional keto/hydroxyl-groups or unsaturated bond have displayed great applicability in the food, agricultural, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The traditional approach for carboxylate production through chemical synthesis is based on petroleum derivatives, resulting in concerns for the environmental complication and energy crisis, and increasing attention has been attracted to the eco-friendly and renewable bio-based synthesis for carboxylate production. The efficient and specific export of target carboxylic acids through the microbial membrane is essential for high productivity, yield, and titer of bio-based carboxylates. Therefore, understanding the characteristics, regulations, and efflux mechanisms of carboxylate transporters will efficiently increase industrial biotechnological production of carboxylic acids. Several transporters from fungi have been reported and used for improved synthesis of target products. The transport activity and substrate specificity are two key issues that need further improvement in the application of carboxylate transporters. This review presents developments in the structural and functional diversity of carboxylate transporters, focusing on the modification and regulation of carboxylate transporters to alter the transport activity and substrate specificity, providing new strategy for transporter engineering in constructing microbial cell factory for carboxylate production. KEY POINTS: • Structures of multiple carboxylate transporters have been predicted. • Carboxylate transporters can efficiently improve production. • Modification engineering of carboxylate transporters will be more popular in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taju Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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3
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Schmollack M, Werner F, Huber J, Kiefer D, Merkel M, Hausmann R, Siebert D, Blombach B. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for acetate-based itaconic acid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:139. [PMID: 36517879 PMCID: PMC9753420 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconic acid is a promising platform chemical for a bio-based polymer industry. Today, itaconic acid is biotechnologically produced with Aspergillus terreus at industrial scale from sugars. The production of fuels but also of chemicals from food substrates is a dilemma since future processes should rely on carbon sources which do not compete for food or feed. Therefore, the production of chemicals from alternative substrates such as acetate is desirable to develop novel value chains in the bioeconomy. RESULTS In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was engineered to efficiently produce itaconic acid from the non-food substrate acetate. Therefore, we rewired the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism by inactivating the transcriptional regulator RamB, reducing the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, deletion of the gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase and overexpression of cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) from A. terreus optimized for expression in C. glutamicum. The final strain C. glutamicum ΔramB Δgdh IDHR453C (pEKEx2-malEcadopt) produced 3.43 ± 0.59 g itaconic acid L-1 with a product yield of 81 ± 9 mmol mol-1 during small-scale cultivations in nitrogen-limited minimal medium containing acetate as sole carbon and energy source. Lowering the cultivation temperature from 30 °C to 25 °C improved CAD activity and further increased the titer and product yield to 5.01 ± 0.67 g L-1 and 116 ± 15 mmol mol-1, respectively. The latter corresponds to 35% of the theoretical maximum and so far represents the highest product yield for acetate-based itaconic acid production. Further, the optimized strain C. glutamicum ΔramB Δgdh IDHR453C (pEKEx2-malEcadopt), produced 3.38 ± 0.28 g itaconic acid L-1 at 25 °C from an acetate-containing aqueous side-stream of fast pyrolysis. CONCLUSION As shown in this study, acetate represents a suitable non-food carbon source for itaconic acid production with C. glutamicum. Tailoring the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism enabled the efficient production of itaconic acid from acetate and therefore this study offers useful design principles to genetically engineer C. glutamicum for other products from acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schmollack
- Microbial Biotechnology, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Felix Werner
- Microbial Biotechnology, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Janine Huber
- Microbial Biotechnology, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dirk Kiefer
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuel Merkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Siebert
- Microbial Biotechnology, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- SynBiofoundry@TUM, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
| | - Bastian Blombach
- Microbial Biotechnology, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
- SynBiofoundry@TUM, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany.
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4
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Saha BC, Kennedy GJ, Bowman MJ, Qureshi N, Nichols NN. Itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus from glucose up to pilot scale and from corn stover and wheat straw hydrolysates using new manganese tolerant medium. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Arun Renganathan R, Hema M, Karthik C, Lokanath N, Ravishankar Rai V. Extraction of itaconic acid by endophytic Aspergillus sp., isolated from Garcinia indica: Spectroscopic, structural and quantum computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shruti S, Afreen J, Rutuja A, Yasmin M. Development of miniaturized agar based assays in 96-well microplates applicable to high-throughput screening of industrially valuable microorganisms. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 199:106526. [PMID: 35738492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a present-day approach for assaying thousands of cultures in parallel. This miniaturization allows rapid screening of large number of microorganims capable of producing bio-based materials thereby meeting the demands of the ever evolving food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. In this study, agar-based assays for phosphate solubilization, cellulose degradation and lactic acid production were developed in 96-well microplates using Biomek FXP Automated Liquid Handling system. Techno-economic analysis from this study reveals the lower overall cost per assay using HTS as compared to conventional Petri plate assays. Though automated liquid handling workstations have been used to perform liquid-based assays, there are very few studies which report their use for agar-based microplate assays. These findings thus corroborate the establishment of rapid and efficient miniaturized, qualitative agar-based screening methods for identifying microorganisms with potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinha Shruti
- Praj-Matrix - R&D Centre (Division of Praj Industries Limited), 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pirangut, Mulshi, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India; Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jikare Afreen
- Praj-Matrix - R&D Centre (Division of Praj Industries Limited), 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pirangut, Mulshi, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankulkar Rutuja
- Praj-Matrix - R&D Centre (Division of Praj Industries Limited), 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pirangut, Mulshi, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mirza Yasmin
- Praj-Matrix - R&D Centre (Division of Praj Industries Limited), 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pirangut, Mulshi, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Zhang X, Ji H, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang R. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of dimethyl itaconate initiated by a new azo initiator: AIBME. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13347-13351. [PMID: 35520115 PMCID: PMC9066447 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) was used to synthesize poly(dimethyl itaconate) (PDMI) using an AIBME/CuBr2/dNbpy system. The number average molecular weight (M n) of PDMI was as high as M n = 15 000 g mol-1, the monomer conversion rate reached up to 70%, and the dispersity remained low (Đ = 1.06-1.38). The first-order kinetics of PDMI are discussed in detail. The AIBME initiator had a higher initiation efficiency than the AIBN initiator. As the ratio of initiator (AIBME) to catalyst (CuBr2) decreased, the M n and Đ of PDMI decreased. At 60 °C and 80 °C, the M n of PDMI was much higher than the theoretical number average (M n,th), and the Đ of PDMI broadened with the conversion rate. At 100 °C, the Đ of PDMI remained low, and the M n of PDMI was closer to the M n,th. As the ratio of monomer (DMI) to initiator (AIBME) increased, the M n of PDMI changed little over time. These phenomena could be explained by the influence of the initiator and catalyst on polymerization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - HaiJun Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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8
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Esteves T, Ferreira FA, Mota AT, Sánchez-González Á, Gil A, Andrade KH, Afonso CAM, Ferreira FC. Greener Strategy for Lupanine Purification from Lupin Bean Wastewaters Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18910-18921. [PMID: 35420019 PMCID: PMC9773177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupanine is an alkaloid used in the pharma industry as a building block or precursor in the synthesis of sparteine and also explored for drug synthesis in the pharma industry as a chiral selector. This alkaloid is found in lupin bean processing wastewaters originated from the debittering process to make these beans edible. In this work, a computational chemistry approach was taken to design molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selecting itaconic acid, a biobased building block, as a functional monomer that can provide higher affinities for lupanine. MIP-1 was prepared using lupanine as the template, itaconic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker by bulk polymerization. Lupanine was concentrated from lupin bean wastewater by nanofiltration, extracted with ethyl acetate, and purified using the synthesized MIP. MIP-1 was able to selectively recognize lupanine and improve the purity of lupanine from 78 to 88%, with 82% recovery of the alkaloid. These results show the potential application of this strategy to render the industrial process more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Esteves
- iBB—Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- . Phone: +351 218419167
| | - Flávio A. Ferreira
- iBB—Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Mota
- iBB—Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ángel Sánchez-González
- Centro
de Química e Bioquímica and BioISI—Biosystems
and Integrative Sciences Institute, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Adrià Gil
- Centro
de Química e Bioquímica and BioISI—Biosystems
and Integrative Sciences Institute, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Késsia H.
S. Andrade
- Research
Institute for Medicine (iMED, ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research
Institute for Medicine (iMED, ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- iBB—Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
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Lucherelli MA, Duval A, Avérous L. Biobased vitrimers: Towards sustainable and adaptable performing polymer materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Braïa N, Merabet-Khelassi M, Toffano M, Guillot R, Aribi-Zouioueche L. Access to valuable building blocks by the regio- and enantioselective ring opening of itaconic anhydride by lipase catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2693-2703. [PMID: 35293925 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time the highly regio- and enantioselective ring opening of a biobased itaconic anhydride catalyzed by the Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL) in tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) at room temperature. This method is easy, efficient and eco-friendly and can be performed in one step with a series of highly valuable monoester itaconates (achiral or enantioenriched) using various alcohols as nucleophiles with 100% atom economy. In all cases, the β-monoester isomer was the predominant product of the reaction. Using achiral primary alcohols as substrates, a variety of novel itaconates were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (50-90%). For select examples, product characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, in addition to the standard techniques. The application of this approach was performed for the preparation of enantioenriched 4-monoester itaconates via enzymatic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Braïa
- Ecocompatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, B.P 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Mounia Merabet-Khelassi
- Ecocompatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, B.P 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Martial Toffano
- Equipe de Catalyse Moléculaire-ICMMO Bât 420, CNRS UMR8182, Université PARIS-SACLAY, France
| | - Regis Guillot
- Equipe de Catalyse Moléculaire-ICMMO Bât 420, CNRS UMR8182, Université PARIS-SACLAY, France
| | - Louisa Aribi-Zouioueche
- Ecocompatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, B.P 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
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11
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State of the Art on the Microbial Production of Industrially Relevant Organic Acids. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial relevance of organic acids is high; because of their chemical properties, they can be used as building blocks as well as single-molecule agents with a huge annual market. Organic acid chemical platforms can derive from fossil sources by petrochemical refining processes, but most of them also represent natural metabolites produced by many cells. They are the products, by-products or co-products of many primary metabolic processes of microbial cells. Thanks to the potential of microbial cell factories and to the development of industrial biotechnology, from the last decades of the previous century, the microbial-based production of these molecules has started to approach the market. This was possible because of a joint effort of microbial biotechnologists and biochemical and process engineers that boosted natural production up to the titer, yield and productivity needed to be industrially competitive. More recently, the possibility to utilize renewable residual biomasses as feedstock not only for biofuels, but also for organic acids production is further augmenting the sustainability of their production, in a logic of circular bioeconomy. In this review, we briefly present the latest updates regarding the production of some industrially relevant organic acids (citric fumaric, itaconic, lactic and succinic acid), discussing the challenges and possible future developments of successful production.
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12
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Casas-Soto CR, Conejo-Dávila AS, Osuna V, Chávez-Flores D, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Flores-Gallardo SG, Vega-Rios A. Dibutyl Itaconate and Lauryl Methacrylate Copolymers by Emulsion Polymerization for Development of Sustainable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030632. [PMID: 35160621 PMCID: PMC8840584 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable polymers possess the potential to replace monomers from petrochemical sources. The design and development of polymeric materials from sustainable materials are a technological challenge. The main objectives of this study were to study the microstructure of copolymers based on itaconic acid (IA), di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI), and lauryl methacrylate (LMA); and to explore and to evaluate these copolymers as pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). The copolymer synthesis was carried out through batch emulsion radical polymerization, an environmentally friendly process. IA was used in a small fixed amount as a functional comonomer, and LMA was selected due to low glass transition temperature (Tg). The structure of synthesized copolymers was studied by FTIR, 1H-NMR, Soxhlet extraction, and molecular weight analyses by GPC. Furthermore, the viscoelastic and thermal properties of copolymer films were characterized by DMA, DSC, and TGA. The single Tg displayed by the poly(DBI-LMA-IA) terpolymers indicates that statistical random composition copolymers were obtained. Moreover, FTIR and NMR spectra confirm the chemical structure and composition. It was found that a cross-linked microstructure and higher molecular weight are observed with an increase of LMA in the feed led. The Tg and modulus (G′) of the copolymers film can be tuned with the ratio of DBI:LMA providing a platform for a wide range of applications as a biobased alternative to produce waterborne PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rafael Casas-Soto
- Departament of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (C.R.C.-S.); (A.S.C.-D.); (S.G.F.-G.)
| | - Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila
- Departament of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (C.R.C.-S.); (A.S.C.-D.); (S.G.F.-G.)
| | - Velia Osuna
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)—Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico;
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias en Química, Universidad Autonóma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, Mexico; (D.C.-F.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - José Carlos Espinoza-Hicks
- Facultad de Ciencias en Química, Universidad Autonóma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, Mexico; (D.C.-F.); (J.C.E.-H.)
| | - Sergio Gabriel Flores-Gallardo
- Departament of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (C.R.C.-S.); (A.S.C.-D.); (S.G.F.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Vega-Rios
- Departament of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (C.R.C.-S.); (A.S.C.-D.); (S.G.F.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-01-614-439-4831
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13
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Duncan D, Auclair K. Itaconate: an antimicrobial metabolite of macrophages. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Itaconate is a conjugated 1,4-dicarboxylate produced by macrophages. This small molecule has recently received increasing attention due to its role in modulating the immune response of macrophages upon exposure to pathogens. Itaconate has also been proposed to play an antimicrobial function; however, this has not been explored as intensively. Consistent with the latter, itaconate is known to show antibacterial activity in vitro and was reported to inhibit isocitrate lyase, an enzyme required for survival of bacterial pathogens in mammalian systems. Recent studies have revealed bacterial growth inhibition under biologically relevant conditions. In addition, an antimicrobial role for itaconate is substantiated by the high concentration of itaconate found in bacteria-containing vacuoles, and by the production of itaconate-degrading enzymes in pathogens such as Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Yersinia pestis. This review describes the current state of literature in understanding the role of itaconate as an antimicrobial agent in host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Large-scale worldwide production of plastics requires the use of large quantities of fossil fuels, leading to a negative impact on the environment. If the production of plastic continues to increase at the current rate, the industry will account for one fifth of global oil use by 2050. Bioplastics currently represent less than one percent of total plastic produced, but they are expected to increase in the coming years, due to rising demand. The usage of bioplastics would allow the dependence on fossil fuels to be reduced and could represent an opportunity to add some interesting functionalities to the materials. Moreover, the plastics derived from bio-based resources are more carbon-neutral and their manufacture generates a lower amount of greenhouse gasses. The substitution of conventional plastic with renewable plastic will therefore promote a more sustainable economy, society, and environment. Consequently, more and more studies have been focusing on the production of interesting bio-based building blocks for bioplastics. However, a coherent review of the contribution of fermentation technology to a more sustainable plastic production is yet to be carried out. Here, we present the recent advancement in bioplastic production and describe the possible integration of bio-based monomers as renewable precursors. Representative examples of both published and commercial fermentation processes are discussed.
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15
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Tao L, Liu H, Dong W, Yang G, Li L. Effects of dietary supplementation with itaconic acid on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, slaughter variables, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101732. [PMID: 35176702 PMCID: PMC8851234 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA) is a biologically based unsaturated dicarboxylic acid secreted by mammalian cells. While IA has potential for use in multiple applications, information regarding the influence of IA on animal production remains scarce. This study investigated the effects of dietary IA supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, slaughter variables, blood parameters, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were allotted to 6 groups, with 10 chicks per cage and 6 replicates per group in a randomized complete block design. Broiler chicks were fed a basal diet with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0% IA. The experimental period lasted from 1 to 42 d of age. Dietary IA supplementation did not affect average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) but quadratically increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and linearly increased crude protein (CP) digestibility during the grower period (d 22–42). A higher breast and thigh muscle yield and a lower abdominal fat yield were observed in a linear and quadratic manner with the IA supplementation. Adding IA to the diet had significant effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and catalase (CAT) levels in serum at d 21 and on total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) at d 42. There were linear and quadratic increases in villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) of the duodenum and villus height of the jejunum with the supplementation of IA. Regression analyses for ADFI, dressed yield, breast and thigh muscle yield, abdominal fat yield, serum ALT, CAT, and SOD levels, villus length of the duodenum and jejunum, and V/C of the duodenum indicated that the optimal dietary IA supplementation would be from 0.4 to 0.7%. From an economic perspective, a level of 0.4% IA in the broiler diet is recommended for improving the nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance, antioxidant ability, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingzhuo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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16
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Zhang J, Jin B, Hong K, Lv Y, Wang Z, Chen T. Cell Catalysis of Citrate to Itaconate by Engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3017-3027. [PMID: 34704752 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), an important five-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, is one of the top 12 renewable chemicals with an urgent need to reduce industrial production costs. Halomonas bluephagenesis, which possesses the potential for cost-effective bioproduction of chemicals and organic acids due to its ability to grow under open nonsterile conditions and high tolerance to organic acid salts, was genetically engineered and used to produce IA from citrate by a cell catalytic strategy. Here, two essential genes (cis-aconitate decarboxylase encoding gene cadA and aconitase (ACN) encoding gene acn) were introduced into H. bluephagenesis to construct an IA biosynthesis pathway. Further engineering modifications including coexpression of molecular chaperones GroESL, increasing the copy number of the gene encoding rate-limiting enzyme ACN, and weakening the competing pathway were implemented. Under the optimized condition for the cell catalytic system, the engineered strain TAZI-08 produced 451.45 mM (58.73 g/L) IA from 500 mM citrate, with 93.24% conversion in 36 h and a productivity of 1.63 g/(L h). An intermittent feeding strategy further increased the IA titer to 488.86 mM (63.60 g/L). The IA titer and citrate conversion in H. bluephagenesis are the highest among heterologous hosts reported so far, demonstrating that this strain is a suitable chassis for hyperproduction of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biao Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunqiang Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - You Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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McNaughton AD, Bredeweg EL, Manzer J, Zucker J, Munoz Munoz N, Burnet MC, Nakayasu ES, Pomraning KR, Merkley ED, Dai Z, Chrisler WB, Baker SE, St. John PC, Kumar N. Bayesian Inference for Integrating Yarrowia lipolytica Multiomics Datasets with Metabolic Modeling. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2968-2981. [PMID: 34636549 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the metabolism of microbial cell factories for yields and titers is a critical step for economically viable production of bioproducts and biofuels. In this process, tuning the expression of individual enzymes to obtain the desired pathway flux is a challenging step, in which data from separate multiomics techniques must be integrated with existing biological knowledge to determine where changes should be made. Following a design-build-test-learn strategy, building on recent advances in Bayesian metabolic control analysis, we identify key enzymes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica that correlate with the production of itaconate by integrating a metabolic model with multiomics measurements. To this extent, we quantify the uncertainty for a variety of key parameters, known as flux control coefficients (FCCs), needed to improve the bioproduction of target metabolites and statistically obtain key correlations between the measured enzymes and boundary flux. Based on the top five significant FCCs and five correlated enzymes, our results show phosphoglycerate mutase, acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSm), carbonic anhydrase (HCO3E), pyrophosphatase (PPAm), and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSDxi) enzymes in rate-limiting reactions that can lead to increased itaconic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. McNaughton
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin L. Bredeweg
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James Manzer
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy Zucker
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nathalie Munoz Munoz
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Meagan C. Burnet
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kyle R. Pomraning
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric D. Merkley
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William B. Chrisler
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Scott E. Baker
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Peter C. St. John
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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18
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Gopaliya D, Kumar V, Khare SK. Recent advances in itaconic acid production from microbial cell factories. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Infections due to Aspergillus species are an acute threat to human health; members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section Terrei or section Flavi are the second or third most important. Aspergillus terreus species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to Aspergillus fumigatus. The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of A. terreus as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected. Hallmarks of these non-Aspergillus fumigatus invasive mold infections are high potential for tissue invasion, dissemination, and possible morbidity due to mycotoxin production. We seek to review the microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of A. terreus species complex, address clinical characteristics, and highlight the underlying mechanisms of amphotericin B resistance. Selected topics will contrast key elements of A. terreus with A. fumigatus. We provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians dealing with fungal infections and researchers working on A. terreus pathogenesis, aiming to bridge the emerging translational knowledge and future therapeutic challenges on this opportunistic pathogen.
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20
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Sándor E, Kolláth IS, Fekete E, Bíró V, Flipphi M, Kovács B, Kubicek CP, Karaffa L. Carbon-Source Dependent Interplay of Copper and Manganese Ions Modulates the Morphology and Itaconic Acid Production in Aspergillus terreus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680420. [PMID: 34093503 PMCID: PMC8173074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the interplay of copper(II) and manganese(II) ions on growth, morphology and itaconic acid formation was investigated in a high-producing strain of Aspergillus terreus (NRRL1960), using carbon sources metabolized either mainly via glycolysis (D-glucose, D-fructose) or primarily via the pentose phosphate shunt (D-xylose, L-arabinose). Limiting Mn2+ concentration in the culture broth is indispensable to obtain high itaconic acid yields, while in the presence of higher Mn2+ concentrations yield decreases and biomass formation is favored. However, this low yield in the presence of high Mn2+ ion concentrations can be mitigated by increasing the Cu2+ concentration in the medium when D-glucose or D-fructose is the growth substrate, whereas this effect was at best modest during growth on D-xylose or L-arabinose. A. terreus displays a high tolerance to Cu2+ which decreased when Mn2+ availability became increasingly limiting. Under such conditions biomass formation on D-glucose or D-fructose could be sustained at concentrations up to 250 mg L–1 Cu2+, while on D-xylose- or L-arabinose biomass formation was completely inhibited at 100 mg L–1. High (>75%) specific molar itaconic acid yields always coincided with an “overflow-associated” morphology, characterized by small compact pellets (<250 μm diameter) and short chains of “yeast-like” cells that exhibit increased diameters relative to the elongated cells in growing filamentous hyphae. At low concentrations (≤1 mg L–1) of Cu2+ ions, manganese deficiency did not prevent filamentous growth. Mycelial- and cellular morphology progressively transformed into the typical overflow-associated one when external Cu2+ concentrations increased, irrespective of the available Mn2+. Our results indicate that copper ions are relevant for overflow metabolism and should be considered when optimizing itaconic acid fermentation in A. terreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István S Kolláth
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bíró
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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21
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Elmore JR, Dexter GN, Salvachúa D, Martinez-Baird J, Hatmaker EA, Huenemann JD, Klingeman DM, Peabody GL, Peterson DJ, Singer C, Beckham GT, Guss AM. Production of itaconic acid from alkali pretreated lignin by dynamic two stage bioconversion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2261. [PMID: 33859194 PMCID: PMC8050072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding the portfolio of products that can be made from lignin will be critical to enabling a viable bio-based economy. Here, we engineer Pseudomonas putida for high-yield production of the tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived building block chemical, itaconic acid, from model aromatic compounds and aromatics derived from lignin. We develop a nitrogen starvation-detecting biosensor for dynamic two-stage bioproduction in which itaconic acid is produced during a non-growth associated production phase. Through the use of two distinct itaconic acid production pathways, the tuning of TCA cycle gene expression, deletion of competing pathways, and dynamic regulation, we achieve an overall maximum yield of 56% (mol/mol) and titer of 1.3 g/L from p-coumarate, and 1.4 g/L titer from monomeric aromatic compounds produced from alkali-treated lignin. This work illustrates a proof-of-principle that using dynamic metabolic control to reroute carbon after it enters central metabolism enables production of valuable chemicals from lignin at high yields by relieving the burden of constitutively expressing toxic heterologous pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Elmore
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA ,grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Gara N. Dexter
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Davinia Salvachúa
- grid.419357.d0000 0001 2199 3636National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
| | - Jessica Martinez-Baird
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - E. Anne Hatmaker
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Jay D. Huenemann
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA ,grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Dawn M. Klingeman
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - George L. Peabody
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Darren J. Peterson
- grid.419357.d0000 0001 2199 3636National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
| | - Christine Singer
- grid.419357.d0000 0001 2199 3636National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- grid.419357.d0000 0001 2199 3636National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
| | - Adam M. Guss
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA ,grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
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22
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Chiloeches A, Funes A, Cuervo-Rodríguez R, López-Fabal F, Fernández-García M, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A. Biobased polymers derived from itaconic acid bearing clickable groups with potent antibacterial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new biobased polymers derived from itaconic acid with excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and very low hemotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chiloeches
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
- 28015 Madrid
| | - A. Funes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - R. Cuervo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - F. López-Fabal
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles C/Dr. Luis Montes
- Madrid
- Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
| | - M. Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC)
- Madrid
| | - C. Echeverría
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC)
- Madrid
| | - A. Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC)
- Madrid
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23
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Schlembach I, Hosseinpour Tehrani H, Blank LM, Büchs J, Wierckx N, Regestein L, Rosenbaum MA. Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose to itaconic acid by a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Ustilago maydis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:207. [PMID: 33317635 PMCID: PMC7737373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconic acid is a bio-derived platform chemical with uses ranging from polymer synthesis to biofuel production. The efficient conversion of cellulosic waste streams into itaconic acid could thus enable the sustainable production of a variety of substitutes for fossil oil based products. However, the realization of such a process is currently hindered by an expensive conversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars. Here, we present the stepwise development of a fully consolidated bioprocess (CBP), which is capable of directly converting recalcitrant cellulose into itaconic acid without the need for separate cellulose hydrolysis including the application of commercial cellulases. The process is based on a synthetic microbial consortium of the cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei and the itaconic acid producing yeast Ustilago maydis. A method for process monitoring was developed to estimate cellulose consumption, itaconic acid formation as well as the actual itaconic acid production yield online during co-cultivation. RESULTS The efficiency of the process was compared to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation setup (SSF). Because of the additional substrate consumption of T. reesei in the CBP, the itaconic acid yield was significantly lower in the CBP than in the SSF. In order to increase yield and productivity of itaconic acid in the CBP, the population dynamics was manipulated by varying the inoculation delay between T. reesei and U. maydis. Surprisingly, neither inoculation delay nor inoculation density significantly affected the population development or the CBP performance. Instead, the substrate availability was the most important parameter. U. maydis was only able to grow and to produce itaconic acid when the cellulose concentration and thus, the sugar supply rate, was high. Finally, the metabolic processes during fed-batch CBP were analyzed in depth by online respiration measurements. Thereby, substrate availability was again identified as key factor also controlling itaconic acid yield. In summary, an itaconic acid titer of 34 g/L with a total productivity of up to 0.07 g/L/h and a yield of 0.16 g/g could be reached during fed-batch cultivation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of consortium-based CBP for itaconic acid production and also lays the fundamentals for the development and improvement of similar microbial consortia for cellulose-based organic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Schlembach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamed Hosseinpour Tehrani
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT‑Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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24
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Sollka L, Lienkamp K. Progress in the Free and Controlled Radical Homo- and Co-Polymerization of Itaconic Acid Derivatives: Toward Functional Polymers with Controlled Molar Mass Distribution and Architecture. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000546. [PMID: 33270308 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric derivatives of itaconic acid are becoming increasingly more interesting for research and industry because itaconic acid is accessible from renewable resources. In spite of the structural similarity of poly(itaconic acid derivatives) to poly(methacrylates), they are much less reactive, homopolymerize only sluggishly by free radical polymerization (FRP), and are often obtained with low molar masses and conversions. This has so far limited their use. The reasons for the low reactivity of itaconic acid derivatives (including itaconimides, diitaconates, and diitaconamides) are combined steric and electronic effects, as demonstrated by the body of literature on the FRP homopolymerization kinetics of these monomers which is summarized herein. These problems can be solved to a large extent by using controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, notably atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). By optimizing the reaction conditions for the ATRP and RAFT of itaconic acid derivatives, in particular the reaction temperature, linear relations between molar mass and conversion are obtained in many cases, and homopolymers with high molar masses and reasonably narrow polydispersity indices become accessible. This review presents the state-of-the-art FRP and CRP of itaconic acid derivatives, and highlights functional polymers obtained by these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sollka
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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25
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Vassileva M, Malusá E, Eichler-Löbermann B, Vassilev N. Aspegillus terreus: From Soil to Industry and Back. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111655. [PMID: 33113865 PMCID: PMC7692665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is an important saprophytic filamentous fungus that can be found in soils. Like many other soil microorganisms, A. terreus demonstrates multiple functions and offers various important metabolites, which can be used in different fields of human activity. The first application of A. terreus on an industrial level is the production of itaconic acid, which is now considered as one of the most important bioproducts in the Green Chemistry field. The general schemes for itaconic acid production have been studied, but in this mini-review some lines of future research are presented based on analysis of the published results. A. terreus is also intensively studied for its biocontrol activity and plant growth-promoting effect. However, this microorganism is also known to infect important crops such as, amongst others, rice, wheat, potato, sugar cane, maize, and soybean. It was suggested, however, that the balance between positive vs. negative effects is dependent on the soil-plant-inoculant dose system. A. terreus has frequently been described as an important human pathogen. Therefore, its safety manipulation in biotechnological processes for the production of itaconic acid and some drugs and its use in soil-plant systems should be carefully assessed. Some suggestions in this direction are discussed, particularly concerning the uses in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vassileva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Eligio Malusá
- Research Institute of Horticulture, 96-101 Skierniewice, Poland;
- CREA—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
- Institute of Land Use, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Vassilev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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26
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Investigation of Itaconic Acid Separation by Operating a Commercialized Electrodialysis Unit with Bipolar Membranes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the merging of membrane and fermentation technologies is receiving significant attention such as in the case of itaconic acid (IA) production, which is considered as a value-added chemical. Its biotechnological production is already industrially established; however, the improvements of its fermentative and recovery steps remain topics of significant interest due to sustainable development trends. With an adequate downstream process, the total price of IA production can be reduced. For the task of IA recovery, a contemporary electro-membrane separation processes, electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM), was proposed and employed in this work. In the experiments, the laboratory-scale, commercialized EDBM unit (P EDR-Z/4x) was operated to separate IA from various model solutions compromised of IA (5–33 g/L), glucose (varied in 15–33 g/L as a residual substrate during IA fermentation) and malic acid (varied in 0–1 g/L as a realistic by-product of IA fermentation) under different initial pH (2–5) and applied potential conditions (10–30 V). Unambiguously negative effects related to the glucose and malic acid as impurities were found neither on the IA recovery ratio nor on the current efficiency, falling into the ranges of 90–97% and 74.3–98.5%, respectively. The highest IA recovery ratios of 97% and 98.5% of current efficiency were obtained with the model fermentation solution containing 33 g/L IA, 33 g/L glucose at 20 V and an initial pH of 5. However, the selective separation of IA needs further investigations with a real fermentation broth, and the findings of this research may contribute to further studies in this field.
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27
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Scholten PBV, Moatsou D, Detrembleur C, Meier MAR. Progress Toward Sustainable Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000266. [PMID: 32686239 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent focus of media and governments on renewability, green chemistry, and circular economy has led to a surge in the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers. In this review, focussing on renewable monomers for reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP), it is highlighted that for the majority of the monomers and polymers reported, the claim to renewability is not always accurate. By closely examining the sustainability of synthetic routes and the renewability of starting materials, fully renewable monomers are identified and discussed in terms of sustainability, polymerization behavior, and properties obtained after polymerization. The holistic discussion considering the overall preparation process of polymers, that is, monomer syntheses, origin of starting materials, solvents used, the type of RDRP technique utilized, and the purification method, allows to highlight certain topics which need to be addressed in order to progress toward not only (partially) renewable, but sustainable monomers and polymers using RDRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B V Scholten
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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28
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Gérardy R, Debecker DP, Estager J, Luis P, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous Flow Upgrading of Selected C 2-C 6 Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7219-7347. [PMID: 32667196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing industrial production of commodity and specialty chemicals inexorably depletes the finite primary fossil resources available on Earth. The forecast of population growth over the next 3 decades is a very strong incentive for the identification of alternative primary resources other than petro-based ones. In contrast with fossil resources, renewable biomass is a virtually inexhaustible reservoir of chemical building blocks. Shifting the current industrial paradigm from almost exclusively petro-based resources to alternative bio-based raw materials requires more than vibrant political messages; it requires a profound revision of the concepts and technologies on which industrial chemical processes rely. Only a small fraction of molecules extracted from biomass bears significant chemical and commercial potentials to be considered as ubiquitous chemical platforms upon which a new, bio-based industry can thrive. Owing to its inherent assets in terms of unique process experience, scalability, and reduced environmental footprint, flow chemistry arguably has a major role to play in this context. This review covers a selection of C2 to C6 bio-based chemical platforms with existing commercial markets including polyols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, xylitol, and sorbitol), furanoids (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, and levulinic acid). The aim of this review is to illustrate the various aspects of upgrading bio-based platform molecules toward commodity or specialty chemicals using new process concepts that fall under the umbrella of continuous flow technology and that could change the future perspectives of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Gérardy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julien Estager
- Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, B-7180 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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29
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Ventura M, Marinas A, Domine ME. Catalytic Processes for Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules Valorisation. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Deng Y. Recent progress on bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4259-4272. [PMID: 32215709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids are widely used in fine chemical and food industries as well as the monomer for polymerisation of high molecular material. Given the problems of environmental contamination and sustainable development faced by traditional production of dicarboxylic acids based on petrol, new approaches such as bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids drew more attentions. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was regarded as an ideal organism for bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids with high tolerance to acidic and hyperosmotic environments, robust growth using a broad range of substrates, great convenience for genetic manipulation, stable inheritance via sub-cultivation, and food compatibility. In this review, the production of major dicarboxylates via S. cerevisiae was concluded and the challenges and opportunities facing were discussed.Key Points• Summary of current production of major dicarboxylic acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.• Discussion of influence factors on four-carbon dicarboxylic acids production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.• Outlook of potential production of five- and six-carbon dicarboxylic acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Saha BC, Kennedy GJ. Efficient itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus: Overcoming the strong inhibitory effect of manganese. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2939. [PMID: 31682331 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), a building block platform chemical, is produced industrially by Aspergillus terreus utilizing glucose. Lignocellulosic biomass can serve as a low cost source of sugars for IA production. However, the fungus could not produce IA from dilute acid pretreated and enzymatically saccharified wheat straw hydrolyzate even at 100-fold dilution. Furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural and acetic acid were inhibitory, as is typical, but Mn2+ was particularly problematic for IA production. It was present in the hydrolyzate at a level that was 230 times over the inhibitory limit (50 ppb). Recently, it was found that PO4 3- limitation decreased the inhibitory effect of Mn2+ on IA production. In the present study, a novel medium was developed for production of IA by varying PO4 3- , Fe3+ and Cu2+ concentrations using response surface methodology, which alleviated the strong inhibitory effect of Mn2+ . The new medium contained 0.08 g KH2 PO4 , 3 g NH4 NO3 , 1 g MgSO4 ·7H2 O, 5 g CaCl2 ·2 H2 O, 0.83 mg FeCl3 ·6H2 O, 8 mg ZnSO4 ·7H2 O, and 45 mg CuSO4 ·5H2 O per liter. The fungus was able to produce IA very well in the presence of Mn2+ up to 100 ppm in the medium. This medium will be extremely useful for IA production in the presence of Mn2+ . This is the first report on the development of Mn2+ tolerant medium for IA production by A. terreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Gregory J Kennedy
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois
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32
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Kolláth IS, Molnár ÁP, Soós Á, Fekete E, Sándor E, Kovács B, Kubicek CP, Karaffa L. Manganese Deficiency Is Required for High Itaconic Acid Production From D-Xylose in Aspergillus terreus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1589. [PMID: 31338087 PMCID: PMC6629873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid is used as a bio-based, renewable building block in the polymer industry. It is produced by submerged fermentations of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus from molasses or starch, but research over the efficient utilization of non-food, lignocellulosic plant biomass is soaring. The objective of this study was to test whether the application of two key cultivation parameters for obtaining itaconic acid from D-glucose in high yields - Mn2+ ion deficiency and high concentration of the carbon source - would also occur on D-xylose, the principal monomer of lignocellulose. To this end, a carbon and energy balance for itaconic acid formation was established, which is 0.83 moles/mole D-xylose. The effect of Mn2+ ions on itaconic acid formation was indeed similar to that on D-glucose and maximal yields were obtained below 3 μg L-1 Mn2+ ions, which were, however, only 0.63 moles of itaconic acid per mole D-xylose. In contrast to the case on D-glucose, increasing D-xylose concentration over 50 g L-1 did not change the above yield. By-products such as xylitol and α-ketoglutarate were found, but in total they remained below 2% of the concentration of D-xylose. Mass balance of the fermentation with 110 g L-1 D-xylose revealed that >95% of the carbon from D-xylose was accounted as biomass, itaconic acid, and the carbon dioxide released in the last step of itaconic acid biosynthesis. Our data show that the efficiency of biomass formation is the critical parameter for itaconic acid yield from D-xylose under otherwise optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- István S. Kolláth
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos P. Molnár
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Áron Soós
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christian P. Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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33
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Teleky BE, Vodnar DC. Biomass-Derived Production of Itaconic Acid as a Building Block in Specialty Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1035. [PMID: 31212656 PMCID: PMC6630286 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of the most important organic acids that can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass. IA, a 5-C dicarboxylic acid, is a promising platform chemical with extensive applications; therefore, it is included in the top 12 building block chemicals by the US Department of Energy. Biotechnologically, IA production can take place through fermentation with fungi like Aspergillus terreus and Ustilago maydis strains or with metabolically engineered bacteria like Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bio-based IA represents a feasible substitute for petrochemically produced acrylic acid, paints, varnishes, biodegradable polymers, and other different organic compounds. IA and its derivatives, due to their trifunctional structure, support the synthesis of a wide range of innovative polymers through crosslinking, with applications in special hydrogels for water decontamination, targeted drug delivery (especially in cancer treatment), smart nanohydrogels in food applications, coatings, and elastomers. The present review summarizes the latest research regarding major IA production pathways, metabolic engineering procedures, and the synthesis and applications of novel polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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34
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Bednarz S, Kowalski G, Konefał R. Unexpected irregular structures of poly(itaconic acid) prepared in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Han J, Shi J, Xie Z, Xu J, Guo B. Synthesis, Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate- co-Butylene 2-Methylsuccinate) and Application for Sustainable Release. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1507. [PMID: 31075823 PMCID: PMC6539853 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel biobased and biodegradable polyester, i.e., poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene 2-methylsuccinate) (P(BS-BMS)) was synthesized by succinic acid (SA), 2-methylsuccinic acid (MSA), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) via a typically two-step esterification and polycondensation procedure. The chemical structure and macromolecular weight of obtained copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC. The melting temperature and degree of crystallinity were also studied by DSC, and it was found that the values were gradually decreased with increasing of MSA content, while the thermal stability remained almost unchanged which was tested by TGA. In addition, the biodegradation rate of the P(BS-BMS) copolymers could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of SA and MSA, and such biodegradability could make P(BS-BMS) copolymers avoid microplastic pollution which may be brought to the environment for applications in agricultural field. When we applied P(BS-BMS) copolymers as pesticide carriers which were prepared by premix membrane emulsification (PME) method for controlling Avermectin delivery, an improvement of dispersion and utilization of active ingredient was obviously witnessed. It showed a burst release process first followed by a sustained release of Avermectin for a long period, which had a great potential to be an effective and environmental friendly pesticide-release vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhining Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Baohua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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36
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Phosphate limitation alleviates the inhibitory effect of manganese on itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Zhao C, Cui Z, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Tian Y, Qi Q, Liu J. Enhanced itaconic acid production in Yarrowia lipolytica via heterologous expression of a mitochondrial transporter MTT. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2181-2192. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Hossain AH, Ter Beek A, Punt PJ. Itaconic acid degradation in Aspergillus niger: the role of unexpected bioconversion pathways. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:1. [PMID: 30622724 PMCID: PMC6320622 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconic acid (IA), a C5-dicarboxylic acid, has previously been identified as one of the top twelve biochemicals that can be produced by biotechnological means. IA is naturally produced by Aspergillus terreus, however, heterologous production in the related species Aspergillus niger has been proposed earlier. Remarkably, we observed that during high producing conditions and elevated titers A. niger detoxifies the extracellular medium of IA. In order to determine the genes responsible for this decline in IA titers a transcriptome analysis was performed. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis has led to the identification of two novel and previously unknown IA bioconversion pathways in A. niger. One pathway is proposed to convert IA into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA through the action of itaconyl-CoA transferase (IctA), itaconyl-CoA hydratase (IchA) and citramalyl-CoA lyase, similar to the pathway identified in A. terreus. Another pathway putatively converts IA into 1-methyl itaconate through the action of trans-aconitate methyltransferase (TmtA). Upon deleting the key genes ictA and ichA we have observed increased IA production and titers and cessation of IA bioconversion. Surprisingly, deletion of tmtA lead to strong reduction of heterologous IA production. CONCLUSION Heterologous IA production in A. niger induces the expression of IA bioconversion pathways. These pathways can be inhibited by deleting the key genes ictA, ichA and tmtA. Deletion of ictA and ichA resulted in increased IA production. Deletion of tmtA, however, resulted in almost complete cessation of IA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H. Hossain
- Dutch DNA Biotech B.V, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J. Punt
- Dutch DNA Biotech B.V, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Persulfate initiated free-radical polymerization of itaconic acid: Kinetics, end-groups and side products. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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High oxygen tension increases itaconic acid accumulation, glucose consumption, and the expression and activity of alternative oxidase in Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8799-8808. [PMID: 30141084 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Itaconic acid is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with an unsaturated alkene bond, frequently used as a building block for the industrial production of a variety of synthetic polymers. It is also one of the major products of fungal "overflow metabolism" which can be produced in submerged fermentations of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus. At the present, molar yields of itaconate are lower than those obtained in citric acid production in Aspergillus niger. Here, we have studied the possibility that the yield may be limited by the oxygen supply during fermentation and hence tested the effect of the dissolved oxygen concentration on the itaconic acid formation rate and yield in lab-scale bioreactors. The data show that a dissolved oxygen concentration of 2% saturation was sufficient for maximal biomass formation. Raising it to 30% saturation had no effect on biomass formation or the growth rate, but the itaconate yield augmented substantially from 0.53 to 0.85 mol itaconate/mol glucose. Furthermore, the volumetric and specific rates of itaconic acid formation ameliorated by as much as 150% concurrent with faster glucose consumption, shortening the fermentation time by 48 h. Further increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration over 30% saturation had no effect. Moreover, we show that this increase in itaconic acid production coincides with an increase in alternative respiration, circumventing the formation of surplus ATP by the cytochrome electron transport chain, as well as with increased levels of alternative oxidase transcript. We conclude that high(er) itaconic acid accumulation requires a dissolved oxygen concentration that is much higher than that needed for maximal biomass formation, and postulate that the induction of alternative respiration allows the necessary NADH reoxidation ratio without surplus ATP production to increase the glucose consumption and the flux through overflow metabolism.
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