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Balali-Dehkordi S, Habibian-Dehkordi S, Amini-Khoei H, Mohajerian R. Ferulic acid via attenuation of oxidative stress and neuro-immune response utilizes antinociceptive effect in mouse model of formalin test. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:51-56. [PMID: 38145175 PMCID: PMC10733636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plenty evidences suggests that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress augmented the neural sensitivity specifying that neuro-immune response is involved in the pathophysiology of pain. Ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant found in various fruits, has various pharmacological properties. The purpose of the current study was to assess the antinociceptive effect of FA in a mouse model of formalin test with focus on its anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Methods The injection of FA (40 mg/kg), piroxicam (2 mg/kg), and saline (0.9% NaCl) (1 ml/kg) was done intraperitoneally and after one hour, formalin injected into the plantar surface of the hind paw of mice. Then pain behavior was documented during 60 min. Then mice were euthanized and prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, antioxidant capacity and expression of inflammatory genes, counting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) and interleukine 1 (IL-1) evaluated in the PFC. Results exhibited that FA declined the pain behavior following injection of formalin. Besides, FA significantly diminished the MDA level and increased the antioxidant capacity in the PFC. We revealed that FA diminished the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the PFC. Conclusion We conclude that FA exerted antinociceptive effects in the formalin test in mice, at least partially, by reducing oxidative stress and neuroimmune response in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Balali-Dehkordi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rahil Mohajerian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Cibrian D, Valiente-Mustelier J, Suárez-Alba J, García-Ojalvo A, Falcón-Cama V, Jiang B, Wang L, Guillén-Nieto G. Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial and extra-myocardial damages by activating prosurvival mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402138. [PMID: 38873418 PMCID: PMC11169835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a fatal myocardial condition with ventricular structural changes and functional deficits, leading to systolic dysfunction and heart failure (HF). DCM is a frequent complication in oncologic patients receiving Doxorubicin (Dox). Dox is a highly cardiotoxic drug, whereas its damaging spectrum affects most of the organs by multiple pathogenic cascades. Experimentally reproduced DCM/HF through Dox administrations has shed light on the pathogenic drivers of cardiotoxicity. Growth hormone (GH) releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) is a GH secretagogue with expanding and promising cardioprotective pharmacological properties. Here we examined whether GHRP-6 administration concomitant to Dox prevented the onset of DCM/HF and multiple organs damages in otherwise healthy rats. Methods: Myocardial changes were sequentially evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Autopsy was conducted at the end of the administration period when ventricular dilation was established. Semiquantitative histopathologic study included heart and other internal organs samples. Myocardial tissue fragments were also addressed for electron microscopy study, and characterization of the transcriptional expression ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax. Serum samples were destined for REDOX system balance assessment. Results and discussion: GHRP-6 administration in parallel to Dox prevented myocardial fibers consumption and ventricular dilation, accounting for an effective preservation of the LV systolic function. GHRP-6 also attenuated extracardiac toxicity preserving epithelial organs integrity, inhibiting interstitial fibrosis, and ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality. Mechanistically, GHRP-6 proved to sustain cellular antioxidant defense, upregulate prosurvival gene Bcl-2, and preserve cardiomyocyte mitochondrial integrity. These evidences contribute to pave potential avenues for the clinical use of GHRP-6 in Dox-treated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Abdulazeez R, Highab SM, Onyawole UF, Jeje MT, Musa H, Shehu DM, Ndams IS. Co-administration of resveratrol rescued lead-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104470. [PMID: 38763436 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Lead toxicity poses a significant environmental concern linked to diverse health issues. This study explores the potential mitigating effects of resveratrol on lead-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Adult fruit flies, aged three days, were orally exposed to lead (60 mg/L), Succimer (10 mg), and varying concentrations of resveratrol (50, 100, and 150 mg). The investigation encompassed the assessment of selected biological parameters, biochemical markers, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes. Resveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement of egg-laying, eclosion rate, filial generation output, locomotor activity, and life span in D. melanogaster, significantly to 150 mg of diet. Most of the investigated biochemical parameters were significantly rescued in lead-exposed fruit flies when co-treated with resveratrol (p < 0.05). However, oxidative stress remained unaffected by resveratrol. The findings suggest that resveratrol effectively protects against lead toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and may hold therapeutic potential as an agent for managing lead poisoning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abdulazeez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - S M Highab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - U F Onyawole
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - M T Jeje
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - H Musa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - D M Shehu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - I S Ndams
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Igbokwe CJ, Feng Y, Louis H, Benjamin I, Quaisie J, Duan Y, Tuly JA, Cai M, Zhang H. Novel antioxidant peptides identified from coix seed by molecular docking, quantum chemical calculations and invitro study in HepG2 cells. Food Chem 2024; 440:138234. [PMID: 38145582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify potent antioxidant peptides sourced from coix seed, analyze the structure-activity relationship through molecular docking and quantum chemical calculation. Molecular docking results showed that among thirteen peptides selected in silico, eight had favourable binding interaction with the Keap1-Kelch domain (2FLU). Promising peptides with significant binding scores were further evaluated using quantum calculation. It was shown that peptide FFDR exhibited exceptional stability, with a high energy gap of 5.24 eV and low Highest Occupied Molecular Orbitals (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMO) values. Furthermore, FFDR displayed the capacity to enhance the expression of Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant genes (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px) and improved cellular redox balance by increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) while reducing oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. These findings highlight the potential of coix seed peptides in developing novel, effective and stable antioxidant-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidimma Juliet Igbokwe
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Yuqin Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Janet Quaisie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Chemistry and Nutrition Research Division, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jamila A Tuly
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meihong Cai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Bartra C, Yuan Y, Vuraić K, Valdés-Quiroz H, Garcia-Baucells P, Slevin M, Pastorello Y, Suñol C, Sanfeliu C. Resveratrol Activates Antioxidant Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models of Alzheimer's Disease Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38397775 PMCID: PMC10886200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with known benefits against neurodegeneration. We analyzed in vitro the protective mechanisms of resveratrol against the proinflammatory monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP). mCRP increases the risk of AD after stroke and we previously demonstrated that intracerebral mCRP induces AD-like dementia in mice. Here, we used BV2 microglia treated with mCRP for 24 h in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Cells and conditioned media were collected for analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has also been implicated in AD progression and so LPS was used as a resveratrol-sensitive reference agent. mCRP at the concentration of 50 µg/mL activated the nitric oxide pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, mCRP induced cyclooxygenase-2 and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol effectively inhibited these changes and increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Cat and Sod2. As central mechanisms of defense, resveratrol activated the hub genes Sirt1 and Nfe2l2 and inhibited the nuclear translocation of the signal transducer NF-ĸB. Proinflammatory changes induced by mCRP in primary mixed glial cultures were also protected by resveratrol. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the protective benefits of resveratrol in preventing the risk of AD induced by proinflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bartra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (DIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Biotechnology, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
| | - Kristijan Vuraić
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
| | - Haydeé Valdés-Quiroz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
| | - Pau Garcia-Baucells
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
| | - Mark Slevin
- School of Life Sciences, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Centru Avansat de Cercetari Medicale si Farmaceutice (CCAMF), Universitatea de Medicina, Farmacie, Stiinte si Tehnologie “George Emil Palade” din Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ylenia Pastorello
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Universitatea de Medicina, Farmacie, Stiinte si Tehnologie “George Emil Palade” din Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Cristina Suñol
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (DIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (Y.Y.); (K.V.); (H.V.-Q.); (P.G.-B.); (C.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (DIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Baralić K, Marić Đ, Vukelić D, Antonijević Miljaković E, Anđelković M, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z, Buha Djordjevic A. Effects of the real-life metal(oid)s mixture on female reproductive function: Less is different. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165181. [PMID: 37385496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the effect of toxic metal(oid) mixtures (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni)) on female reproductive function in Wistar rats after the 28- and 90-day exposure to dose levels calculated on the basis of the previously conducted human study. Experimental groups included: 2 controls (28- and 90-day), treated groups - doses based on: median- F2 (28) and F2(90) and 95th percentile concentrations in the general human population - F3(28) and F3(90); calculated lower Benchmark dose confidence limit (BMDL) for effects on hormone levels - F1(28) and F1(90) and a group given the doses calculated on the basis of the reference values from the literature (F4(28)). Blood and ovarian samples were collected for sex hormones and ovary redox status analysis. After 28-day exposure, changes were present both in prooxidants and antioxidants. However, after the 90-day exposure redox status imbalance was majorly caused by the disturbance of antioxidants. Changes in some parameters were observed even after exposure to the lowest doses. After 28-day exposure, the strongest dose-response relationship was found between hormones: LH and FSH and toxic metal(oid)s and, after 90-day exposure, between investigated redox status parameters: sulfhydryl groups, ischemia-modified albumin and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and toxic metal(oid)s. Low obtained BMDLs and narrow Benchmark intervals for toxic metal(oid)s and some of the parameters might confirm the "no-threshold" paradigm. This study indicates possible detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to real-life mixtures of toxic metal(oid) on female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Đurđica Marić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vukelić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Anđelković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; Health center Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gothandapani D, Makpol S. Effects of Vitamin E on the Gut Microbiome in Ageing and Its Relationship with Age-Related Diseases: A Review of the Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14667. [PMID: 37834115 PMCID: PMC10572321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is inevitable in all living organisms and is associated with physical deterioration, disease and eventually death. Dysbiosis, which is the alteration of the gut microbiome, occurs in individuals during ageing, and plenty of studies support that gut dysbiosis is responsible for the progression of different types of age-related diseases. The economic burden of age-linked health issues increases as ageing populations increase. Hence, an improvement in disease prevention or therapeutic approaches is urgently required. In recent years, vitamin E has garnered significant attention as a promising therapeutic approach for delaying the ageing process and potentially impeding the development of age-related disease. Nevertheless, more research is still required to understand how vitamin E affects the gut microbiome and how it relates to age-related diseases. Therefore, we gathered and summarized recent papers in this review that addressed the impact of the gut microbiome on age-related disease, the effect of vitamin E on age-related disease along with the role of vitamin E on the gut microbiome and the relationship with age-related diseases which are caused by ageing. Based on the studies reported, different bacteria brought on various age-related diseases with either increased or decreased relative abundances. Some studies have also reported the positive effects of vitamin E on the gut microbiome as beneficial bacteria and metabolites increase with vitamin E supplementation. This demonstrates how vitamin E is vital as it affects the gut microbiome positively to delay ageing and the progression of age-related diseases. The findings discussed in this review will provide a simplified yet deeper understanding for researchers studying ageing, the gut microbiome and age-related diseases, allowing them to develop new preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17 Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Rao YL, Ganaraja B, Suresh PK, Joy T, Ullal SD, Manjrekar PA, Murlimanju BV, Sharma BG. Effect of resveratrol and combination of resveratrol and donepezil on the expression of microglial cells and astrocytes in Wistar albino rats of colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:319. [PMID: 37641690 PMCID: PMC10460340 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The goal was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol (RS) and combination therapy of RS and donepezil (DPZ), on the numerical expression of microglial cells and astrocytes, in the frontal cortex, regions of the hippocampus in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Methods The study involved male albino Wistar rats of three months, age and consisted of 6 groups, with six animals each. The immunohistochemical staining with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD 68 and mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP was performed to assess the number of microglial cells and astrocytes, respectively. Results AD group showed an increase in the number of microglia, and the numbers declined in the treatment groups, RS 10, RS 20, RS10/10 and DPZ + RS (p < 0.001). Astrocyte count was increased in the treatment groups in contrast to the AD group (p < 0.05). The DPZ + RS combination group revealed substantial elevation in the number of astrocytes and decreased microglial number among all the groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion RS administration has diminished the microglial number and elevated the number of astrocytes. The elevated reactive astrocytes have decreased the microglial population. However, the limitation of our study is utilizing the colchicine for the induction of neurodegeneration. Using the transgenic models of AD may give a better insight into the pathogenesis and effect of RS. Another limitation of this study is the administration of RS and DPZ through different routes. The prospects of this research include studying the probiotic nature of RS and the effect of RS in other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lakshmisha Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. Ganaraja
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Pooja K. Suresh
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Teresa Joy
- Department of Anatomy, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Coolidge, Antigua, West Indies Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sheetal D. Ullal
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Poornima A. Manjrekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. V. Murlimanju
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. Gaurav Sharma
- Senior Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, RG24 9NA UK
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Shehata MK, Ismail AA, Kamel MA. Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4193-4227. [PMID: 37534058 PMCID: PMC10391537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have a disease modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded with donepezil and astaxanthin (DPL/AST-NLCs) and evaluate their in vivo efficacy in an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods DPL/AST-NLCs were prepared using a hot high-shear homogenization technique, in vitro examined for their physicochemical parameters and in vivo evaluated. AD induction in rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the brain of rats for biochemical testing and histopathological examination. Results DPL/AST-NLCs showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 ± 0.017, zeta potential -33.7 ± 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 ±1.98% (donepezil) and 93.85 ±1.75% (astaxanthin), in vitro sustained release of both donepezil and astaxanthin for 24 h, spherical morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and they were stable at 4-8 ± 2°C for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that donepezil and astaxanthin were molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state. The DPL/AST-NLC-treated rats showed significantly lower levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, amyloid beta (Aβ1‑42), and acetylcholinesterase, and significantly higher levels of glutathione and acetylcholine in the cortex and hippocampus than the AD-like untreated rats and that treated with donepezil-NLCs. DPL/AST-NLCs showed significantly higher anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, resulting in significant improvement in the cortical and hippocampal histopathology. Conclusion Nose-to-brain delivery of DPL/AST-NLCs is a promising strategy for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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A new K +channel-independent mechanism is involved in the antioxidant effect of XE-991 in an in vitro model of glucose metabolism impairment: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:391. [PMID: 36127342 PMCID: PMC9489689 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that represents the first cause of dementia. Although there has been significant progress in AD research, the actual mechanisms underlying this pathology remain largely unknown. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key players in the development and worsening of AD. As a result, in the past few years, remarkable attempts have been made to develop neuroprotective strategies against the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and cell redox status. In the present study, we reveal a novel antioxidant K+ channel-independent effect of the M-current inhibitor XE-991 in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and primary rat cortical neurons exposed to the glycolysis inhibitor glyceraldehyde (GA). This experimental approach aimed to create a condition of hypometabolism accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance, as frequently observed in the beginning stage of the disease. We found that XE-991 exerted a neuroprotective action most likely through the resumption of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which was significantly compromised during GA challenge. We also observed that the enhancement of SOD activity was accompanied by a sequence of positive effects; these included the reduction in basal Ca2+ levels within cytoplasmic and mitochondrial compartments, the decrease in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the modulation of AMPK/mTOR pathway, the recovery of ΔΨm collapse, the increase in the intracellular ATP content and the decrease in amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated form of tau protein (pTau) levels. Collectively, our study reveals an off-target antioxidant effect of XE-991 and paves the way toward the further evaluation of new therapeutic uses of already existing molecules to accelerate the process of developing an effective therapy to counteract AD.
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Yang Y, Wang W, Liu K, Zhao J. Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase in Mesoporous Silica and its Applications in Strengthening the Lifespan and Healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:795620. [PMID: 35928947 PMCID: PMC9343863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.795620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a major inductive factor of aging-related diseases in connection with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it is important to maintain ROS at an appropriate level to keep homeostasis in organisms. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a vital enzyme in defending against oxidative damage in vivo. Because of the defects in the direct application of SOD and SOD mimics, mounting delivery systems have been developed for the efficient applications of SOD to realize antioxidant treatment. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely studied because of various advantages such as desirable stability, low toxicity, and adjustable particle sizes. Herein, SOD was immobilized on MSNs using a physical absorption strategy to construct the nanosystem SOD@MSN. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was selected as the model organism for the subsequent antioxidant and anti-aging studies. The research results suggested the nanosystem could not only be effectively internalized by C. elegans but could also protect the nematode against external stress, thus extending the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans. Therefore, SOD@MSN could be applied as a promising medicine in anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Yang, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Yang, ; Jie Zhao,
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Wang X, Peng Y, Zhou H, Du W, Wang J, Wang J, Wu T, Tang X, Lv Y, Gong J. The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:829090. [PMID: 35370905 PMCID: PMC8967952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.829090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke. Methods Forty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results Pre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p < 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p < 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions ER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin Wang
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Du
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - JiaJin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lv
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Gong
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Yu YQ, Yan L, Wang XT, Li L, Zheng W, Gao H. Study on the Effects of Chinese Materia Medica Processing on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Composition of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6211609. [PMID: 34712345 PMCID: PMC8548110 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6211609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) before and after being stir-baked with salt water on the diabetic mice and to detect the contents of 8 components in the corresponding active parts simultaneously using the UPLC-MS method, in order to screen the better extracts for diabetes and to clear the material basis for enhancing hypoglycemic activity of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water (SAR). METHODS Taking spontaneous type II diabetic db/db mice as models and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), serum resistin (RESISTEIN), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) as indicators, the hypoglycemic effects of different active parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were evaluated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) as mobile phases, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The column temperature was set as 28°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. A mass spectrometer was connected to the UPLC system via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Full-scan data acquisition was performed in the negative ion mode. RESULT In the study of pharmacodynamics, the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is better than that of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is more remarkable than that of the decoction. The measured components all have a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r ≥ 0.9990); the average recovery rates are 98.86%-100.69%, RSD <2.90%. Compared with the raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, the contents of Timosaponin AIII, Timosaponin BII, Timosaponin BIII, Anemarrhenasaponin I, Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, and Mangiferin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water are all higher, the changes of Timosaponin AI and Anemarrhenasaponin AII are not obvious, and all the contents of chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water were obviously higher compared with the water decoction. CONCLUSION The processing method, stir-baking with salt water, can increase the contents of active compositions in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and strengthen the hypoglycemic effect. The ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is the better active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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