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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota KE, Ndou R, Mphuti N, Bezuidenhout C, Thekisoe O. A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from water in africa (2000-2021). Heliyon 2023; 9:e16123. [PMID: 37274713 PMCID: PMC10238873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is essential for the survival of humans, animals and plants. Numerous research has been conducted on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water from various African countries, however, there is lack of comprehensive analysis of published literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines where articles published in English language between January 2000 and March 2022 were searched from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJO), and Africa Index Medicus (AIM). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver 3.0 software was used to analyze the data. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) with 95% confidence interval was calculated using the random-effects model (CI). The overall PPE and antimicrobial resistance trends of E. coli isolated from water was screened from 4009 isolates which were isolated from 2586 samples. We extracted data from 17 studies including drinking water (n = 6), rivers (n = 5), wastewaters (n = 4) and wastewater/river (n = 1) which are all covering 27 countries in Africa with 3438 isolates. The PPE of E. coli in water was 71.7% (0.717; 95% CI: 0.562-0.833). The highest PPE antibiotic resistance was against penicillin followed by erythromycin, and ampicilin with resistance rates of 93.4%, 92.3%, and 69.4%, respectively. This systematic review provides critical evidence of E. coli consolidated prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as regions where future studies and enhanced reporting could be beneficial in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Kgaugelo E. Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Mphuti
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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2
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Herawati O, Bejo SK, Zakaria Z, Ramanoon SZ. The global profile of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from goats and sheep: A systematic review. Vet World 2023; 16:977-986. [PMID: 37576756 PMCID: PMC10420705 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.977-986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antibiotic resistance has become an issue of global importance due to increasing levels of bacterial infections worldwide. Farm management and usage of antibiotics in livestock are known risk factors associated with the increase in global levels of antibiotic resistance. Goats and sheep are examples of livestock with large populations. Although antibiotic resistance in bacteria from livestock negatively affects both human health and the economy, the global data regarding this issue in goats and sheep are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide information on the antibiotic-resistance profile of bacteria isolated from goats and sheep worldwide (Asia, Europe, and Africa). Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review of articles published on this topic without any restriction on the year of publication. We searched the Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using Boolean logic through various keywords. The search generated a total of 1325 articles, and after screening for duplicates and implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, qualitative synthesis (i.e., qualitative systematic review) was performed on 37 articles. Results The synthesized information indicated that 18 Gram-positive and 13 Gram-negative bacterial species from goats and sheep were resistant to ten antibiotics, namely penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and sulfamethoxazole. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance ranged from 0.4% to 100%. However, up to 100% of some bacteria, namely, Salmonella Dublin, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria, were susceptible to CIP. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were highly resistant to all antibiotics tested. Moreover, eight of the ten antibiotics tested were critically important antibiotics for humans. Conclusion Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in goats and sheep are a potential risk to animal and human health. Collaboration between all stakeholders and further research is needed to prevent the negative impacts of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okti Herawati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Khairani Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Abebe E, Gugsa G, Ahmed M, Awol N, Tefera Y, Abegaz S, Sisay T. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from foods of Bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010706. [PMID: 36706075 PMCID: PMC9882751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli are frequently isolated food-borne pathogens from meat, milk, and their products. Moreover, there has been a significant rise in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 to commonly used antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to July 2021 to estimate prevalence and identify associated factors of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns. A total of 384 samples were collected. Systematic and simple random sampling techniques were employed for sampling carcasses and milking cows, respectively. E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were detected according to recommended bacteriological protocols. E. coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disk diffusion method. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. Overall prevalence rates of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were 54.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Highest prevalence rates of E. coli (79.6%) and E. coli O157:H7 (16.7%) were obtained from carcass swabs and milk tank samples, respectively. Unlike E. coli O157:H7, a statistically significant difference in the E. coli prevalence (P<0.05) was observed among the different sample types. Multidrug resistance was observed among all isolates of E. coli O157:H7. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100.0%) were susceptible to Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Norfloxacin. On the contrary, all of the isolates (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin. The current study indicated that different foods of bovine origin in the study area were unsafe for human consumption. Hence, good hygienic production methods should be employed to ensure the safety of foods of bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engidaw Abebe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Gugsa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Meselu Ahmed
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Nesibu Awol
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yalew Tefera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Abegaz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Sisay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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4
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Kaviani Rad A, Balasundram SK, Azizi S, Afsharyzad Y, Zarei M, Etesami H, Shamshiri RR. An Overview of Antibiotic Resistance and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Antimicrobial Resistance in Agricultural Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084666. [PMID: 35457533 PMCID: PMC9025980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of antibiotics in the healthcare sector and livestock farming has amplified antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major environmental threat in recent years. Abiotic stresses, including soil salinity and water pollutants, can affect AMR in soils, which in turn reduces the yield and quality of agricultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of antibiotic resistance and abiotic stresses on antimicrobial resistance in agricultural soils. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed published literature showed that soil contaminants derived from organic and chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and untreated sewage sludge can significantly develop AMR through increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) in agricultural soils. Among effective technologies developed to minimize AMR’s negative effects, salinity and heat were found to be more influential in lowering ARGs and subsequently AMR. Several strategies to mitigate AMR in agricultural soils and future directions for research on AMR have been discussed, including integrated control of antibiotic usage and primary sources of ARGs. Knowledge of the factors affecting AMR has the potential to develop effective policies and technologies to minimize its adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaviani Rad
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-85111, Iran;
| | - Siva K. Balasundram
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.K.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Shohreh Azizi
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa;
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
| | - Yeganeh Afsharyzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, The Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran 19496-35881, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-85111, Iran;
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid 73819-43885, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.K.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran;
| | - Redmond R. Shamshiri
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, 14469 Potsdam-Bornim, Germany;
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Kang I, Seo K. Variation of antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
Enteritidis,
Escherichia coli
O157
:
H7
, and
Listeria monocytogenes
after exposure to acid, salt, and cold stress. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il‐Byeong Kang
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary MedicineKonkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kun‐Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary MedicineKonkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Koev K, Stoyanchev T, Zhelev G, Marutsov P, Gospodinova K, Urumova V. Molecular profiling and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated in Bulgaria. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in faeces of healthy dairy cattle and to determine the sensitivity of isolates to several antimicrobial drugs. A total of 1,104 anal swab samples originating from 28 cattle farms were examined. After the primary identification, 30 strains were found to belong to serogroup О157. By means of conventional multiplex PCR, isolates were screened for presence of resistance genes stx1, stx2 and eaeА. Twenty-nine strains possesses amplicons with a size corresponding to genes stx2 and eaeA, one had amplicons also for the stx1 gene and one lacked amplicons of all three genes. Twenty-eight strains demonstrated amplicons equivalent to gene H7. The results from phenotype analysis of resistance showed preserved sensitivity to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cephalothin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and combinations sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sensitivity to ampicillin was relatively preserved, although at a lower extent.
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Ayodele OA, Deji-Agboola AM, Akinduti PA, Faneye AO. Phylo-diversity of prevalent human E. coli O157:H7 with strains from retailed meat and fish in selected markets in Ibadan Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2019; 41:117-131. [PMID: 31760867 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1694942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Global prevalence of ESBL-biotypes poses a serious threat to public health as a result of severity and morbidity caused by beta-lactam encoded Escherichia coli. Therefore, the prevalent shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli of ESBL variant was investigated in various retailed food animals and cooking materials. A total of 823 samples consisting of raw meat (297) and fish (132) samples retailed at various major markets in Ibadan were collected and 394 swabs were taken from the butchers' processing tables and utensils used in retailing meat and fish. The samples were cultured and biotyped for Escherichia coli. Serological and PCR assay were used to identify O157:H7 variant and antibiotics resistant determinants. Genetic relatedness of characterized E. coli O157 from human and meat products was evaluated with phylogenetic analysis. Of all the isolates, 130 (15.8%) were E. coli and only 8 (1.0) were O157:H7 while 4 (50%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics with resistance index ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. More than 25% E. coli O157:H7 were resistant to Ampicillin, Pefloxacin and Gentamicin and blaSHV and blaCTX-M were detected in 1/8 (12.5%) of E. coli O157:H7 and blaTEM 3/8 (37.5%) respectively. Only 1 genotyped human Escherichia coli .0157:H7 clustered with beef strain There is evidence of blaTEM encoded E. coli O157:H7 causing infection in human from food animals retailed in many markets within various communities. Therefore, urgent surveillance with public health education, food, and environmental hygiene are highly needed to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Akinniyi Akinduti
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria
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8
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Iwu CD, Okoh AI. Preharvest Transmission Routes of Fresh Produce Associated Bacterial Pathogens with Outbreak Potentials: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4407. [PMID: 31717976 PMCID: PMC6888529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks caused by the ingestion of contaminated vegetables and fruits pose a significant problem to human health. The sources of contamination of these food products at the preharvest level of agricultural production, most importantly, agricultural soil and irrigation water, serve as potential reservoirs of some clinically significant foodborne pathogenic bacteria. These clinically important bacteria include: Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and pathogenic E. coli (and E. coli O157:H7) all of which have the potential to cause disease outbreaks. Most of these pathogens acquire antimicrobial resistance (AR) determinants due to AR selective pressure within the agroecosystem and become resistant against most available treatment options, further aggravating risks to human and environmental health, and food safety. This review critically outlines the following issues with regards to fresh produce; the global burden of fresh produce-related foodborne diseases, contamination between the continuum of farm to table, preharvest transmission routes, AR profiles, and possible interventions to minimize the preharvest contamination of fresh produce. This review reveals that the primary production niches of the agro-ecosystem play a significant role in the transmission of fresh produce associated pathogens as well as their resistant variants, thus detrimental to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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9
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Ayaz ND, Cufaoglu G, Yonsul Y, Goncuoglu M, Erol I. Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cattle and Sheep Isolates and Whole-Genome Sequence of a Colistin-Resistant Sorbitol Fermentative Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1497-1506. [PMID: 31314669 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5), phenotypic colistin resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7+/H7- strains isolated from cattle and sheep, and whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis of colistin-resistant sorbitol fermentative E. coli O157:H7. According to the results, 5 of the 49 isolates were found to harbor mcr-2 and/or mcr-3 genes. Three isolates, including a sorbitol fermentative E. coli O157:H7, were found phenotypically resistant to colistin with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 128 μg/mL. The genome of sorbitol fermentative E. coli O157:H7 did not show 100% similarity to any of the other genome sequences found in the universal genome database. It has also been determined that this isolate carried 62 different antimicrobial resistance genes. This is the first report of plasmid-mediated mcr-2 and mcr-3 genes carrying E. coli O157:H7 from cattle and sheep isolates and WGS of a colistin-resistant sorbitol fermentative E. coli O157:H7. Findings of this study indicate that cattle and sheep can be an important source of colistin resistance in E. coli O157:H7, and slaughterhouse wastewater might be a significant route for dissemination of the plasmid-mediated colistin genes. Therefore, the use of colistin in veterinary medicine should be restricted to reduce the development of resistance. Also it may be necessary to review the non-sorbitol fermentation-based isolation protocol for not missing the sorbitol fermentative E. coli O157:H7 in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Deniz Ayaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gizem Cufaoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yonsul
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Muammer Goncuoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irfan Erol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, TRNC via Mersin, Turkey
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Molecular detection of Shiga toxin-producing and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from buffaloes in southwest of Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1725-1736. [PMID: 30915604 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred fifteen bacteriological samples were obtained from feces and both external and visceral cavity surfaces of carcasses of 105 healthy buffalo slaughtered in southwest of Iran. Confirmed Escherichia coli isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance phenotypically and were screened for stx1, stx2, and eae genes and their subtypes and assessment of antimicrobial resistance genes by regular PCR and RFLP techniques. One hundred forty-five E. coli were isolated from feces (96 isolates) and external (37) and internal (12) surfaces of carcasses. Results showed that the prevalence of STEC, EPEC, and EHEC pathotypes was 2.8%, 0.7%, and 0.7% respectively. Among 6 (4.13%) positive isolates for examined genes, 4 (2.8%) isolates were positive for stx1, 3 (2.1%) for stx2, and 2 (1.4%) for eae gene. The detected genes were classified into stx1a (4 isolates), stx2a, stx2b, stx2c, eae-β, and unknown subtypes. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene was sulII (11.03%). The tetB, qnrB, floR, blaTEM, blaSHV, and aadA genes were found to a lesser extent, and all isolates were negative for blaCTX-15, blaOXA, aac(3)-I, tetA, cat1, qnrA, sulI, dhfrI, and dhfrV genes. Twelve combination patterns of antibiotic-resistant genes were observed. Maximum phenotypically resistance rate was against doxycycline (91.83%), and the minimum was against ceftazidime and florfenicol (2.75%). E. coli isolates from feces and carcasses of slaughtered buffalo can be considered a mild reservoir for stx and eae genes. However, healthy buffaloes could be considered a potential reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates.
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11
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Santos ECCD, Castro VS, Cunha-Neto A, Santos LFD, Vallim DC, Lisbôa RDC, Carvalho RCT, Junior CAC, Figueiredo EEDS. Escherichia coli O26 and O113:H21 on Carcasses and Beef from a Slaughterhouse Located in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:653-659. [PMID: 30036077 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of emerging pathogens that can cause human diseases, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis (HC). Monitoring slaughtering stages and checking contamination points are crucial for the production of safe food. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify contamination by STEC strains, to determine the contamination points and evaluate the resistance profile to 12 antimicrobials used in both veterinary and human medicine. A total of 80 samples were obtained from eight collection points (pen floor, rectum, hide, carcass swabs and esophagus, diaphragm, masseter, and retail beef tissue samples). The isolates were collected by dilution plating on MacConkey agar with sorbitol, cefixime, and tellurite and analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for virulence genes. Serotyping of non-O157 was performed, and testing for 12 antibiotics by disk diffusion was carried out. A total of 18 STEC strains were isolated, presenting different virulence profiles. Contamination by STEC was observed in the rectum (5/18), carcass surface (5/18), hide (3/18), diaphragm (2/18), retail beef (2/18), and masseter muscle (1/18). Pen floor swabs and esophagus tissues showed no STEC contamination. Moreover, three strains were identified as O26 and three as O113:H21 strains, which have been linked to HUS and HC outbreak cases in Brazil. All STEC isolates were susceptible to all evaluated antimicrobials, except streptomycin. The presence of STEC strains is a direct risk to the consumer, especially when isolated from retail beef, and contamination can occur during different slaughter stages. However, antimicrobial resistance profiles did not identify multidrug-resistant strains, limiting potential antimicrobial resistance transmission to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Silva Castro
- 2 Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- 3 Programa de Pós graduação Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil .,4 Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Dos Santos
- 5 Instituto Adolf Lutz , Núcleo de Doenças Entéricas e Infecções por Patógenos Especiais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- 2 Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,4 Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,6 Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- 1 Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil .,3 Programa de Pós graduação Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil
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12
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Abbassi MS. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry, Bovine and Ovine in Tunisia: A Real Animal and Human Health Threat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/jcmbt.000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ghanbarpour R, Askari N, Ghorbanpour M, Tahamtan Y, Mashayekhi K, Afsharipour N, Darijani N. Genotypic analysis of virulence genes and antimicrobial profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased lambs in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:591-597. [PMID: 28161846 PMCID: PMC7089295 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the analysis of virulence genes and antimicrobial profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased lambs. Two hundred ninety E. coli isolates were recovered from 300 rectal swabs of diarrheic lambs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. The pathotype determination was done according to the presence of genes including f5, f41, LTI, STI, bfp, ipaH, stx 1 , stx 2 , eae, ehlyA, cnf 1 , cnf 2 , cdIII, cdIV, and f17 by PCR method. Sixty-six isolates (23.72%) possessed the STI gene and categorized into entrotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Nine isolates (3.1%) and five isolates (1.72%) were positive for the cnf1 and cnf2 genes which categorized into necrotoxic E. coli (NTEC). Hundred and seventeen isolates (40.34%) harbored stx 1 and/or stx 2 and classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Thirteen isolates (4.48%) were assigned to atypical entropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) and possessed eae gene. Two isolates (0.68%) were positive for ipaH gene and were assigned to entroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between eae gene and STEC pathotype (P < 0.0001). The most prevalent resistance was observed against lincomycin (96.5%) and the lowest resistance was against kanamycine (56.02%), respectively. The high prevalence of STEC and ETEC indicates that diarrheic lambs represent an important reservoir for humans. ETEC may play an important role for frequent occurrence of diarrhea in lambs observed in this region. Due to high antibiotic resistance, appropriate control should be implemented in veterinary medicine to curb the development of novel resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasrin Askari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Ghorbanpour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Nasim Darijani
- South of Kerman Provincial Veterinary Service, Kerman, Iran
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14
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Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli O157 and O157:H7 in retail fresh raw meat in South China. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli O157 from cattle and slaughterhouse wastewater isolates. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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16
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Sheep as an important source of E. coli O157/O157:H7 in Turkey. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:590-5. [PMID: 25042529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a globally important foodborne pathogen and has been mainly associated with cattle as the reservoir. However, accumulating data shows the importance of sheep as an E. coli O157:H7 vehicle. The presence of E. coli O157/O157:H7 in recto-anal mucosal swap and carcass sponge samples of 100 sheep brought to the slaughterhouse in Kirikkale were analyzed over a year. Molecular characteristics (stx1, stx2, eaeA, hly, lpfA1-3, espA, eae-α1, eae-α2, eae-β, eae-β1, eae-β2, eae-γ1, eae-γ2/θ, stx1c, stx1d, stx2c, stx2d, stx2e, stx2f, stx2g, blaampC, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), sul1, sul2, floR, cmlA, strA, strB and aadA) of 79 isolates were determined and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 different antibiotics were investigated. E. coli O157/O157:H7 was found in 18% of sheep included in the study and was more prevalent in yearlings than lambs and mature sheep, and male than female sheep, though none of the categories (season, sex or age range) had significant effect on prevalence. Furthermore, Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 was determined in 2% and 8% of sheep feces and carcasses, respectively. Additionally, lpfA1-3 and eae-γ1 were detected in all isolates. None of the isolates showed resistance against investigated antibiotics, even though 4 sorbitol fermenting E. coli O157 isolates were positive for tet(A), sul1 and aadA. This is the first study in Turkey that reveals the potential public health risk due to the contamination of sheep carcasses with potentially highly pathogenic STEC O157:H7 strains.
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Mshelia GD, Okpaje G, Voltaire YAC, Egwu GO. Comparative studies on genital infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates from camels (Camelus dromedarius) and cows (Bos indicus) in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:91. [PMID: 24570857 PMCID: PMC3933609 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A total of 160 genitalia of Camels and cows were investigated in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria to compare bacterial isolates and the antibacterial susceptibilities of some of the isolates. Streptococcus (Str.) pyogenes (31%), Escherichia (E.) coli (24%) and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (20%) were the most common vaginal bacterial isolates in camels; while E. coli (73%), Str. pyogenes (18%) and S. aureus (11%) were the most frequent isolates in the cows. Of the 78 uterine isolates recovered in this study, E. coli was the most prominent in camels (8%) and cows (54%). The overall weight of genital infection in all camels and cows examined was highest (P < 0.05) with E. coli (79%), but there was no difference (P > 0.05) between vaginal and uterine bacterial isolates from camels and cows in this study. The Relative Risk (RR) for an infection of the vagina with E coli (3.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.104 to 4.398, P < 0.0001) is more in cows compared to the camel, but the RR for vaginal infection with S. aureus and Str. pyogenes were lower in cows compared to Camels. The E. coli and S. aureus isolates were highly susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. Therefore effective management of reproductive disorders associated with these pathogens can be achieved with proper use of these antimicrobial agents in these animal species
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Dauda Mshelia
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Godfrey Okpaje
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Yepmo Andre Casimir Voltaire
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Onyeamaechi Egwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
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