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Li X, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Jiang G, Gan L, Tian Y, Shi B. High-expression and characterization of a novel serine protease from Ornithinibacillus caprae L9 T with eco-friendly applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35996-36012. [PMID: 35060042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, a novel thermophilic serine protease gene (P3862) from Ornithinibacillus caprae L9T was functionally expressed in Bacillus subtilis SCK6. The monomeric enzyme of about 29 kDa was purified to homogeneity with 43.91% of recovery and 2.81-folds of purification. Characterization of the purified protease revealed the optimum activity at pH 7 and 65 °C. The protease exhibited excellent activity and stability in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, ethanediol, n-hexane, Tween-20, Tween-80 and Triton X-100. P3862 displayed favorable caseinolytic activity, moderate keratinolytic activity but no collagenolytic activity. Besides, the homology model of P3862 possessed a globular configuration and characteristic of α/β hydrolase fold, and displayed stable interactions with casein, glycoprotein and keratin rather than collagen. Moreover, the crude enzyme could completely dehair goatskin within 6 h, resulting in decrease in BOD5, COD and TSS loads by 72.86, 74.07, and 73.79%, respectively, as compared with Na2S treatment. Biocatalytic applications revealed that it could effectively remove egg-stains from fabrics at 37 °C for 30 min with low supplementation (300 U/mL), and was able to degrade the feathers of duck and chicken. Overall, these outstanding properties make P3862 valuable in the development of environmentally friendly biotechnologies .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education and College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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Isolation of Bacillus sp. A5.3 Strain with Keratinolytic Activity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020244. [PMID: 35205110 PMCID: PMC8869582 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we described keratinolytic properties of a strain of Bacillus (sp. A5.3) isolated from sites of feather waste accumulation. The proteolytic enzymes secreted by Bacillus sp. A5.3 are serine proteases, are alkaline enzymes, have a wide substrate specificity, and have high thermal stability. Bacillus sp. A5.3 effectively hydrolyzes feathers and can be used in feather-processing technologies and as a source of alkaline and thermostable proteases and keratinases. Abstract Environmental safety and economic factors necessitate a search for new ways of processing poultry farm feathers, which are 90% β-keratin and can be used as a cheap source of amino acids and peptones. In this study, feather-decomposing bacteria were isolated from a site of accumulation of rotten feathers and identified as Bacillus. Among them, the Bacillus sp. A5.3 isolate showed the best keratinolytic properties. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that Bacillus sp. A5.3 cells closely adhere to the feather surface while degrading the feather. It was found that Bacillus sp. A5.3 secretes thermostable alkaline proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes. Zymographic analysis of the enzymatic extract toward bovine serum albumin, casein, gelatin, and β-keratin revealed the presence of proteases and keratinases with molecular weights 20–250 kDa. The proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes predominantly belong to the serine protease family. Proteome analysis of the secreted proteins by nano-HPLC coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry identified 154 proteins, 13 of which are proteases and peptidases. Thus, strain Bacillus sp. A5.3 holds great promise for use in feather-processing technologies and as a source of proteases and keratinases.
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Duman YA, Bayer Y. Kinetics and thermodynamics of keratin degradation by partially purified and encapsulated keratinase from Bacillus vallismortis DSM11031. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1876678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Avci Duman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkiye
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Akram F, Haq IU, Jabbar Z. Production and characterization of a novel thermo- and detergent stable keratinase from Bacillus sp. NKSP-7 with perceptible applications in leather processing and laundry industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:371-383. [PMID: 32682971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase has the ability to degrade the recalcitrant keratinous wastes that cannot be degraded by conventional proteases. The present study describes a novel hyperstable keratinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp. NKSP-7, which has excellent efficiency of keratin-feather biodegradation, washing and dehairing. The production of extracellular keratinase was improved by 3.02-fold through optimization of various parameters. Purified keratinase (25 kDa) showed optimal activity at 65 °C and pH 7.5, and displayed stability over a range of pH (5.5-9.5) and temperature (20-60 °C) for 8 h. No conspicuous effect was perceived with various chemicals and organic solvents, however, the catalytic efficiency was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cd2+, Na+, Mn2+, sodium sulfite, and β-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggesting that this keratinase belongs to serine protease family. It displayed prodigious stability and compatibility to salinity and commercial detergents. Enzyme exhibited great substrate specificity but high affinity was observed with keratin-rich substrates. Crude and purified keratinase revealed perceptible potential for destaining of blood-stained fabric (10 min), and dehairing of hide (8 h) without any damage. All these auspicious features make this enzyme a promising candidate for various industrial applications, especially in keratin-waste management, detergent formulations and leather processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Keratinolytic enzyme-mediated biodegradation of recalcitrant poultry feathers waste by newly isolated Bacillus sp. NKSP-7 under submerged fermentation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:823-834. [PMID: 32415568 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial and enzymatic degradation of keratin waste is more preferred over various conventional approaches which are costly and not environmentally suitable. Diverse niches are auspicious for the discovery of new microorganisms. To discover novel keratinolytic bacteria, 60 isolates from different poultry dumping sites were initially screened, and among these found a potent keratinolytic isolate (NKSP-7) that displayed higher feather-degrading ability. The selected isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. NKSP-7 based on 16S rDNA sequencing as well as physiochemical and morphological characteristics. The strain NKSP-7 showed complete hydrolysis of native chicken feathers (10 g/L) in nutrient medium after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C under agitation (150 rev/min) and produced thermostable extracellular keratinase. The crude enzyme displayed maximal keratinolytic activity (34.7 U/mL) in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0, and at 60 °C using keratin azure as a substrate. Keratinolytic enzyme showed stability at 20-65 °C for 4 h over the pH range of 5.5-8.0. No obvious inhibitory influence was perceived by cations, organic solvents, EDTA, and detergents. Whereas, enzyme activity was enhanced by adding β-mercaptoethanol, Na+, Cd2+, and Mn2+. All these notable features of keratinase make it a promising candidate for various industrial applications especially for dehairing process in leather industry, bioconversion of poultry waste, and in detergents formulations.
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Gong JS, Ye JP, Tao LY, Su C, Qin J, Zhang YY, Li H, Li H, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Efficient keratinase expression via promoter engineering strategies for degradation of feather wastes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109550. [PMID: 32423677 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratinases are promising alternatives over ordinary proteases in several industrial applications due to their unique properties compared with their counterparts in the protease categories. However, their large-scale industrial application is limited by the low expression and poor fermentation efficiency of keratinase. Here, we demonstrate that the expression level of keratinase can be improved by constructing a more efficient enzyme expression system hereby enables the highest production titer as regarding recombinant keratinase production to date. Specially, ten promoters were evaluated and the aprE promoter exhibits a significant promotion of keratinase (kerBv) titer from 165 U/mL to 2605 U/mL in Bacillus subtilis. The batch fermentation mode resulted in a maximum keratinase activity of 7176 U/mL at 36 h in a 5-L fermenter. Furthermore, the extracellular keratinase activity attained up to 16,860 U/mL via fed-batch fermentation within 30 h. The combination of keratinase with l-cysteine brings about 66.4 % degree of degradation of feather. Our work provides a new insight into the development of efficient keratinase fermentation processes with B. subtilis cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Nasipuri P, Herschend J, Brejnrod AD, Madsen JS, Espersen R, Svensson B, Burmølle M, Jacquiod S, Sørensen SJ. Community-intrinsic properties enhance keratin degradation from bacterial consortia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228108. [PMID: 32004342 PMCID: PMC6994199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although organic matter may accumulate sometimes (e.g. lignocellulose in peat bog), most natural biodegradation processes are completed until full mineralization. Such transformations are often achieved by the concerted action of communities of interacting microbes, involving different species each performing specific tasks. These interactions can give rise to novel "community-intrinsic" properties, through e.g. activation of so-called "silent genetic pathways" or synergistic interplay between microbial activities and functions. Here we studied the microbial community-based degradation of keratin, a recalcitrant biological material, by four soil isolates, which have previously been shown to display synergistic interactions during biofilm formation; Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Microbacterium oxydans and Paenibacillus amylolyticus. We observed enhanced keratin weight loss in cultures with X. retroflexus, both in dual and four-species co-cultures, as compared to expected keratin degradation by X. retroflexus alone. Additional community intrinsic properties included accelerated keratin degradation rates and increased biofilm formation on keratin particles. Comparison of secretome profiles of X. retroflexus mono-cultures to co-cultures revealed that certain proteases (e.g. serine protease S08) were significantly more abundant in mono-cultures, whereas co-cultures had an increased abundance of proteins related to maintaining the redox environment, e.g. glutathione peroxidase. Hence, one of the mechanisms related to the community intrinsic properties, leading to enhanced degradation from co-cultures, might be related to a switch from sulfitolytic to proteolytic functions between mono- and co-cultures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nasipuri
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Herschend
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asker D. Brejnrod
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center For Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas S. Madsen
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roall Espersen
- DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel Jacquiod
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Bhari R, Kaur M, Singh RS. Thermostable and halotolerant keratinase fromBacillus aeriusNSMk2 with remarkable dehairing and laundary applications. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:555-568. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeeta Bhari
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Punjabi University; Patiala Punjab India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Punjabi University; Patiala Punjab India
| | - Ram S. Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Punjabi University; Patiala Punjab India
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Adelere IA, Lateef A. Degradation of Keratin Biomass by Different Microorganisms. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rieger TJ, de Oliveira CT, Pereira JQ, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Proteolytic system of Bacillus sp. CL18 is capable of extensive feather degradation and hydrolysis of diverse protein substrates. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:329-335. [PMID: 28277791 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1293229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Feathers are recalcitrant protein-rich wastes produced in huge amounts by poultry processing for meat production. Hence, feather bioconversion and protease production by Bacillus sp. CL18 were investigated. 2. Bacillus sp. CL18 demonstrated a remarkable feather-degrading potential. Through cultivations on feather broth (10 g l-1 feathers), 94.5% ± 3% of whole feathers were degraded after 4 d. Increases in soluble protein contents were observed and protease production was maximal also at d 4. This strain produced diverse proteolytic enzymes during growth. 3. Crude protease displayed optimal activity at 55°C (50-62°C), pH 8.0 (7.0-9.0) and a low thermal stability. Proteolytic activity increased in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Triton X-100, Tween 20 and dimethyl sulphoxide. Inhibition profile indicated that crude protease contains, mainly, serine proteases. Enzyme preparation hydrolysed mainly casein and soy protein isolate. 4. The keratinolytic capacity of Bacillus sp. CL18 at moderate temperatures (30°C) might be appropriate for feather conversion, resulting in protein hydrolysates and proteolytic enzymes. Proteases are postulated to be added-value products that can be obtained from such a bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Rieger
- a Laboratório de Microbiologia , Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) , Cerro Largo , Brazil
| | - C T de Oliveira
- a Laboratório de Microbiologia , Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) , Cerro Largo , Brazil
| | - J Q Pereira
- b Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - A Brandelli
- b Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - D J Daroit
- a Laboratório de Microbiologia , Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) , Cerro Largo , Brazil
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Yusuf I, Ahmad SA, Phang LY, Syed MA, Shamaan NA, Abdul Khalil K, Dahalan FA, Shukor MY. Keratinase production and biodegradation of polluted secondary chicken feather wastes by a newly isolated multi heavy metal tolerant bacterium-Alcaligenes sp. AQ05-001. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:182-195. [PMID: 27591845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of agricultural wastes, generated annually from poultry farms and slaughterhouses, can solve the pollution problem and at the same time yield valuable degradation products. But these wastes also constitute environmental nuisance, especially in Malaysia where their illegal disposal on heavy metal contaminated soils poses a serious biodegradation issue as feather tends to accumulate heavy metals from the surrounding environment. Further, continuous use of feather wastes as cheap biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from effluents has contributed to the rising amount of polluted feathers, which has necessitated the search for heavy metal-tolerant feather degrading strains. Isolation, characterization and application of a novel heavy metal-tolerant feather-degrading bacterium, identified by 16S RNA sequencing as Alcaligenes sp. AQ05-001 in degradation of heavy metal polluted recalcitrant agricultural wastes, have been reported. Physico-cultural conditions influencing its activities were studied using one-factor-at-a-time and a statistical optimisation approach. Complete degradation of 5 g/L feather was achieved with pH 8, 2% inoculum at 27 °C and incubation period of 36 h. The medium optimisation after the response surface methodology (RSM) resulted in a 10-fold increase in keratinase production (88.4 U/mL) over the initial 8.85 U/mL when supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 0.15% (w/v) ammonium bicarbonate, 0.3% (w/v) skim milk, and 0.01% (w/v) urea. Under optimum conditions, the bacterium was able to degrade heavy metal polluted feathers completely and produced valuable keratinase and protein-rich hydrolysates. About 83% of the feathers polluted with a mixture of highly toxic metals were degraded with high keratinase activities. The heavy metal tolerance ability of this bacterium can be harnessed not only in keratinase production but also in the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted feather wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Yee Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arif Syed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aripin Shamaan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 13th Floor, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalilah Abdul Khalil
- Biomolecular Science Program, School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknology MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- The School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pengajian Kejuruteraan Jejawi 3, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Shukor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gu Z, Zhu H, Xie X, Wang Y, Liu X, Yao Q. The feather-degrading bacterial community in two soils as revealed by a specific primer targeting serine-type keratinolytic proteases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:165. [PMID: 27562599 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feather waste represents a huge resource of protein, but is underutilized due to its recalcitrant nature. Feather-degrading bacteria can biologically degrade feathers and have great potential for industries. In this study, we first designed a primer set (BC) suitable for exploring the diversity of the keratinolytic bacterial community with denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). With the BC primer set, the difference in the keratinolytic bacterial community between a feather-dumping (FD) soil and a non feather-dumping (NFD) soil and the influence of feather addition (enrichment culture) on the keratinolytic bacterial community were investigated. DGGE and sequencing showed that keratinolytic bacteria in these soils belong to 2 phyla (Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) and 9 genera (Micromonospora, Verrucosispora, Actinopolymorpha, Knoellia, Hyalangium, Stigmatella, Archangium, Cystobacter, and Luteimonas). Feather addition decreased the species richness of the keratinolytic bacteria in FD soil, but greatly increased the diversity, species richness and abundance in NFD soil. Moreover, feather addition to NFD soil induced some keratinolytic bacteria that were absent in all of the other soils. Collectively, these data indicate that keratinolytic bacteria are diverse in both FD and NFD soil, and some novel keratinolytic bacteria taxa might be revealed by using the BC primer set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Gu
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Wushan St. 483, Tianhe Dist., Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Wushan St. 483, Tianhe Dist., Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Wushan St. 483, Tianhe Dist., Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Wushan St. 483, Tianhe Dist., Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Patinvoh RJ, Feuk-Lagerstedt E, Lundin M, Sárvári Horváth I, Taherzadeh MJ. Biological Pretreatment of Chicken Feather and Biogas Production from Total Broth. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1401-1415. [PMID: 27350050 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chicken feathers are available in large quantities around the world causing environmental challenges. The feathers are composed of keratin that is a recalcitrant protein and is hard to degrade. In this work, chicken feathers were aerobically pretreated for 2-8 days at total solid concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 % by Bacillus sp. C4, a bacterium that produces both α- and β-keratinases. Then, the liquid fraction (feather hydrolysate) as well as the total broth (liquid and solid fraction of pretreated feathers) was used as substrates for biogas production using anaerobic sludge or bacteria granules as inoculum. The biological pretreatment of feather waste was productive; about 75 % of feather was converted to soluble crude protein after 8 days of degradation at initial feather concentration of 5 %. Bacteria granules performed better during anaerobic digestion of untreated feathers, resulting in approximately two times more methane yield (i.e., 199 mlCH4/gVS compared to 105 mlCH4/gVS when sludge was used). Pretreatment improved methane yield by 292 and 105 % when sludge and granules were used on the hydrolysate. Bacteria granules worked effectively on the total broth, yielded 445 mlCH4/gVS methane, which is 124 % more than that obtained with the same type of inoculum from untreated feather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina J Patinvoh
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
| | | | - Magnus Lundin
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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14
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Abbaszadegan A, Sahebi S, Gholami A, Delroba A, Kiani A, Iraji A, Abbott PV. Time-dependent antibacterial effects of Aloe vera
and Zataria multiflora
plant essential oils compared to calcium hydroxide in teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:93-101. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abbaszadegan
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Safoora Sahebi
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Pharmacy; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Alireza Delroba
- Student Research Center Committee; School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Amin Kiani
- Student Research Center Committee; School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Central Laboratory; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Paul Vincent Abbott
- School of Dentistry; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
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15
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Huang Y, Sun Y, Ma S, Chen L, Zhang H, Deng Y. Isolation and characterization ofKeratinibaculum paraultunensegen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium with keratinolytic activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 345:56-63. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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