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Krishnan S, Sivaraman S, Jothipandiyan S, Venkatachalam P, Ramiah Shanmugam S, Paramasivam N. Bioprospecting of aqueous phase from pyrolysis of plant waste residues to disrupt MRSA biofilms. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:231-243. [PMID: 37144617 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have increased at an alarming rate, recently. In India, stubble burning and air pollution due to the burning of agricultural and forest residues have also increased over the past decade causing environmental and health hazards. This work evaluates the anti-biofilm property of the aqueous phase obtained from pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS AQ) and pine cone (PC AQ) against an MRSA isolate. The WS AQ and PC AQ compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 8% (v v-1) and 5% (v v-1) for WS AQ and PC AQ, respectively. The eradication of biofilms was performed on hospital contact surfaces namely, stainless steel and polypropylene and found to be 51% and 52% for WS AQ and PC AQ, respectively. Compounds identified from the aqueous phase of WS and PC docked against AgrA protein showed good binding scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Krishnan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam
- Biomass, Bioenergy and Bioproducts Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nithyanand Paramasivam
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Makuła M, Włodarczyk-Makuła M, Wołejko E, Wydro U, Serra-Majem L, Wiater J. Inanimate Surfaces as a Source of Hospital Infections Caused by Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses with Particular Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8121. [PMID: 35805776 PMCID: PMC9265696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The carriers of nosocomial infections are the hands of medical personnel and inanimate surfaces. Both hands and surfaces may be contaminated as a result of contact with the patient, their body fluids, and touching contaminated surfaces in the patient's surroundings. Visually clean inanimate surfaces are an important source of pathogens. Microorganisms have properties thanks to which they can survive in unfavorable conditions, from a few days to several months. Bacteria, viruses and fungi are able to transmit from inanimate surfaces to the skin of the patient and the medical staff. These pathogens include SARS-CoV-2, which can survive on various types of inanimate surfaces, being a potential source of infection. By following the recommendations related to washing and disinfecting hands and surfaces, and using appropriate washing and disinfecting agents with a broad biocidal spectrum, high material compatibility and the shortest duration of action, we contribute to breaking the chain of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Marcin Makuła
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Traugutta sq.2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Str., 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
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Obe T, Richards AK, Shariat NW. Differences in biofilm formation of Salmonella serovars on two surfaces under two temperature conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2410-2420. [PMID: 34821433 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salmonella is extremely diverse, with >2500 serovars that are genetically and phenotypically diverse. The aim of this study was to build a collection of Salmonella isolates that are genetically diverse and to evaluate their ability to form biofilm under different conditions relevant to a processing environment. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty Salmonella isolates representative of 10 serovars were subtyped using Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-typing to assess the genetic diversity between isolates of each serovar. Biofilm formation of the isolates on both plastic and stainless-steel surfaces at 25 and 15°C was assessed. At 25°C, 8/20 isolates each produced strong and moderate biofilm on plastic surface compared to stainless-steel (3/20 and 13/20 respectively). At 15°C, 5/20 produced strong biofilm on plastic surface and none on stainless-steel. Several isolates produced weak biofilm on plastic (11/20) and stainless-steel (16/20) surfaces. Serovar Schwarzengrund consistently produced strong biofilm while serovars Heidelberg and Newport produced weak biofilm. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Salmonellae differ in their attachment depending on the surface and temperature conditions encountered, which may influence persistence in the processing environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These differences in biofilm formation could provide useful information for mitigation of Salmonella in processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Obe
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amber K Richards
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikki W Shariat
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Lianou A, Nychas GJE, Koutsoumanis KP. Strain variability in biofilm formation: A food safety and quality perspective. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109424. [PMID: 33233106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inherent differences in microbial behavior among identically treated strains of the same microbial species, referred to as "strain variability", are regarded as an important source of variability in microbiological studies. Biofilms are defined as the structured multicellular communities with complex architecture that enable microorganisms to grow adhered to abiotic or living surfaces and constitute a fundamental aspect of microbial ecology. The research studies assessing the strain variability in biofilm formation are relatively few compared to the ones evaluating other aspects of microbial behavior such as virulence, growth and stress resistance. Among the available research data on intra-species variability in biofilm formation, compiled and discussed in the present review, most of them refer to foodborne pathogens as compared to spoilage microorganisms. Molecular and physiological aspects of biofilm formation potentially related to strain-specific responses, as well as information on the characterization and quantitative description of this type of biological variability are presented and discussed. Despite the considerable amount of available information on the strain variability in biofilm formation, there are certain data gaps and still-existing challenges that future research should cover and address. Current and future advances in systems biology and omics technologies are expected to aid significantly in the explanation of phenotypic strain variability, including biofilm formation variability, allowing for its integration in microbiological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lianou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Igo MJ, Schaffner DW. Quantifying the Influence of Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Diluent on the Survival and Growth of Enterobacter aerogenes. J Food Prot 2019; 82:2135-2147. [PMID: 31729917 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Survival of bacteria on surfaces plays an important role in the cross-contamination of food. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), surface type, and inoculum diluent can affect bacterial survival. This study was conducted to examine how temperature, RH, and diluent affect the survival of Enterobacter aerogenes on stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride, and ceramic tile. Although surface type had little effect on survival, temperature had a clear effect. E. aerogenes survival was highest at 7°C and 15 and 50% RH on all surfaces. Some diluents allowed growth under high RH conditions. Cell populations in distilled water inoculated onto each surface decreased initially compared with populations in 1% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 0.1% peptone broth. At 15 and 50% RH, cell populations in 1% PBS declined more sharply after 120 h than did those 0.1% peptone, but populations in both diluents had similar declines up to 3 weeks. Cell populations in 0.1% peptone had the greatest growth and reached the highest population density (∼8 log CFU/mL). Cell populations in PBS and distilled water increased by ∼2 log CFU/mL. When cells in 0.1% peptone were inoculated onto stainless steel at 100% RH, populations increased to ∼7 log CFU per coupon, whereas cells in 1% PBS increased to ∼5 log CFU per coupon followed by a decline over 3 weeks. DMFit and GInaFiT software modeled inactivation on surfaces at all conditions other than 100% RH at 21°C. These findings have important implications for experiments in which microorganisms are inoculated onto foods or food contact surfaces because the growth observed may be affected more by the inoculum diluent at high or uncontrolled RH than by the type of inoculated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Igo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Donald W Schaffner
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Dhakal J, Sharma CS, Nannapaneni R, McDANIEL CD, Kim T, Kiess A. Effect of Chlorine-Induced Sublethal Oxidative Stress on the Biofilm-Forming Ability of Salmonella at Different Temperatures, Nutrient Conditions, and Substrates. J Food Prot 2019; 82:78-92. [PMID: 30586327 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorine-induced oxidative stress on biofilm formation by various Salmonella strains on polystyrene and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at three temperatures (30, 25 [room temperature], and 4°C) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 1/10 TSB. Fifteen Salmonella strains (six serotypes) were exposed to a sublethal chlorine concentration (150 ppm of total chlorine) in TSB for 2 h at the predetermined temperatures. The biofilm-forming ability of the Salmonella strains was determined in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates by using a crystal violet staining method and on SS coupons in 24-well tissue culture plates. All tested strains of Salmonella produced biofilms on both surfaces tested at room temperature and at 30°C. Of the 15 strains tested, none (chlorine stressed and nonstressed) formed biofilm at 4°C. At 30°C, Salmonella Heidelberg (ID 72), Salmonella Newport (ID 107), and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) formed more biofilm than did their respective nonstressed controls on polystyrene ( P ≤ 0.05). At room temperature, only stressed Salmonella Reading (ID 115) in 1/10 TSB had significantly more biofilm formation than did the nonstressed control cells ( P ≤ 0.05). Salmonella strains formed more biofilm in nutrient-deficient medium (1/10 TSB) than in full-strength TSB. At 25°C, chlorine-stressed Salmonella Heidelberg (ATCC 8326) and Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 4931) formed stronger biofilms on SS coupons ( P ≤ 0.05) than did the nonstressed cells. These findings suggest that certain strains of Salmonella can produce significantly stronger biofilms on plastic and SS upon exposure to sublethal chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak Dhakal
- 1 Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Chander S Sharma
- 2 Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762
| | - Ramakrishna Nannapaneni
- 3 Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762
| | - Christopher D McDANIEL
- 2 Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762
| | - Taejo Kim
- 4 Food and Nutrition Department, University of Wisconsin, Menomonie, Wisconsin 54751, USA
| | - Aaron Kiess
- 2 Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762
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Wang H, Wu N, Jiang Y, Ye K, Xu X, Zhou G. Response of long-term acid stress to biofilm formation of meat-related Salmonella Enteritidis. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lagha R, Ben Abdallah F, Masmoudi AS. Effect of combined long-term starvation and γ-irradiation on membrane fatty acids and cell surface hydrophobicity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Dairy Sci 2016; 98:8525-30. [PMID: 26433417 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to explore the adaptive mechanisms of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, in particular the implication of fatty acids (FA) in the remodeling of membrane lipid composition to overcome the combined effects of long-term starvation and γ-irradiation stresses. In addition, cell surface hydrophobicity was also evaluated. The bacterial strains (control and starved) were treated with a nonlethal γ-irradiation dose of 0.5 kGy and sublethal doses of 1 kGy. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the FA composition of starved and γ-irradiated cells was modified. However starvation combined with γ-irradiation induced more modifications in the FA composition than γ-irradiation or starvation alone. Indeed, the unsaturated FA-to-saturated FA ratio decreased significantly for both strains compared with γ-irradiated cells, as main consequence of the cyclic FA formation. Our results showed that starvation, irradiation, or combined stresses significantly influenced the hydrophobicity, and this may have affected the virulence state of Salmonella Typhimurium cells. This study represents one of the few to demonstrate the modifications on bacterial membrane as a cellular response to survive to the ionizing radiation combined with long-term starvation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Lagha
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
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