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Farahmandnejad M, Alipour S, Nokhodchi A. Physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103964. [PMID: 38552779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The ocular thin film presents a potential solution for addressing challenges to ocular drug delivery. In this review, we summarise the findings of a comprehensive review analysing 336 formulations from 68 studies. We investigated the physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films, categorised into natural polymer-based, synthetic polymer-based, and combined polymer films. The results showed that the type of polymers used impacted mucoadhesion force, moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio, pH, swelling index, and elongation percentage. Significant relationships were found between these properties within each subgroup. The results also highlighted the influence of plasticisers on elongation percentage, mucoadhesion force, swelling index, and moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio. These findings have implications for designing and optimising ocular drug formulations and selecting appropriate plasticisers to achieve formulations with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Alipour
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Lupin Research Inc, Coral Springs, FL, USA.
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2
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Gülmezoğlu E, Yıldız Türkyılmaz G, Karasulu HY. Preparation and evaluation of a lipid-based drug delivery system to ımprove valsartan oral bioavailability: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:727-736. [PMID: 36594276 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2164588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antihypertensive treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with high mortality with hypertension. Valsartan is highly selective antihypertensive that is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, but its oral bioavailability is only 25%. It is absorbed from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract but is less soluble in this acidic environment. We aimed to develop a lipid-based formulation to produce a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for valsartan. Solubility studies were performed to identify the components of the SEDDS that provided the best dissolution of valsartan. Ternary phase diagrams were drawn using the titration method with oil, surfactants and co-surfactants in which valsartan was highly soluble, and microemulsion formulations with the highest area were determined. Characterization and in vitro release studies were performed to optimize the formulation. In vitro release profiles of commercial and SEDDS formulations showed the F2 formulation release rate increased at pH 1.2 fasted state simulated gastric fluid. After oral administration, plasma drug concentrations in rats indicate that the F2 formulation provided a 4.2-fold greater AUC for valsartan than the commercial formulaiton, resulting in an 8.5-fold greater Cmax. These findings suggest the F2 formulation increases valsartan solubility, resulting in an improved oral pharmacokinetic profile. According to the pharmacodynamic study, the F2 formulation is more effective than the commercial formulation in restoring systolic and diastolic blood pressure within a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Gülmezoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Center For Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (Argefar), Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Yeşim Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Loftsson T. 1,4-Benzodiazepines: Chemical stability and cyclodextrin solubilization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Parhizkar E, Mohammadi Z, Alipour S. Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Levodopa Quantitation at Low UV Wavelength: Application of Pharmacokinetics Study in Rat Following Intranasal Delivery. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:347-354. [PMID: 33367562 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa is widely administered orally in clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease; however, due to levodopa various oral absorption and low bioavailability, intranasal delivery seems to be a suitable alternative route of administration. Pluronic F-127 is a thermosensitive polymer, which can form gel at nasal cavity temperature and increase drug residence time. In this study, a rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was validated in presence of internal standard to determine pharmacokinetic parameters following levodopa administration to rats in three different intravenous solution, intranasal solution and intranasal thermosensitive gel groups. A precised (96.7%) and accurate (95.0%) HPLC method was validated at low UltraViolet (UV) wavelength of 208 nm that showed limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 59 and 177 ng/mL, respectively. Specificity results showed no interference for levodopa with endogenous serum materials, and serum extraction efficacy was 93%. Pharmacokinetic parameters including bioavailability of 75 and 85% with mean residence time of 78 and 94 min were estimated for intranasal solution and thermosensitive gel using the validated HPLC method, which indicated that levodopa nasal gel may be a good alternative with appropriate pharmacokinetic outcome. Therefore, the validated levodopa HPLC analysis method at low UV wavelength was efficiently applied in pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahehnaz Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Alipour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Jain VK, Nagpal S. Comparison of Virosome vs. Liposome as drug delivery vehicle using HepG2 and CaCo2 cell lines. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:263-275. [PMID: 33719838 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1902009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work involves encapsulation of herbal drug nanocurcumin into the virosomes and compared with a liposome in terms of their in vitro anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-migratory efficacy. METHODS The anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-migratory efficacy of virosome and liposome were compared in HepG2 and CaCo2 cells by using MTT, Nitric oxide scavenging, and Wound healing assay, respectively. RESULTS Size of the optimised NC-Virosome and NC-Liposome was 70.06 ± 1.63 and 265.80 ± 1.64 nm, respectively. The prepared NC-Virosome can be stored at -4 °C up to six months. The drug encapsulation efficiency of NC-Virosome and NC-Liposome was found to be 84.66 ± 1.67 and 62.15 ± 1.75% (w/w). The evaluated minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) for NC-Virosome was 102.7 μg/ml and 108.1 μg/ml, while NC-Liposome showed 129.2 μg/ml and 160.1 μg/ml for HepG2 and CaCo2 cells, respectively. Morphological examination depicts detachment of the cells from substratum after exposure to NC-Virosome for 48 h. CONCLUSION The prepared NC-Virosome provides remarkable in vitro efficacy in both the cell lines with site-specific drug-targeting potential as compared to the liposome, results proved its potential as a drug delivery vehicle for future therapy with reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Virology Section, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - V K Jain
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Suman Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Hu H, Zhong S, He S, Dou Y, Li Z, Cui X. Thermoresponsive gel for sustained release of BMP4 to inhibit corneal neovascularization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xia Y, Li L, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gao J, Du Y, Chen W, Zheng A. Performance and toxicity of different absorption enhancers used in the preparation of Poloxamer thermosensitive in situ gels for ketamine nasal administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:697-705. [PMID: 32293206 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1750625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nasal absorption rate and nasal mucosal toxicity of thermosensitive ketamine in situ gels containing various absorption enhancers. The optimal composition ratio for the gel matrix was determined to be 17.2% Poloxamer 407 and 2% Poloxamer 188, as this combination resulted in solutions with a gelation point within the range found in the nasal cavity. Ketamine gels containing the tested enhancers, namely, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, propylene glycol, or Tween-80, were compared with enhancer-free counterparts to determine the absorption of the drug, in vivo by measuring its plasma levels in rats and in vitro using a Franz diffusion cell. Moreover, the toxicity of each gel type was assessed by microscopic observation of the morphology of rat nasal mucosa as well as by determining the mobility of the mucosal cilia using an established toad model. The results showed that gels containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin could promote the absorption of ketamine without added toxicity compared to enhancer-free gels. Thus, we consider hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the most promising absorption enhancer for the nasal administration of ketamine using in situ gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Xia
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
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Diril M, Türkyılmaz GY, Karasulu HY. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Atorvastatin Calcium. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:768-779. [PMID: 31429689 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190820143957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a new dosage form as an alternative to the classical tablet forms of atorvastatin calcium (AtrCa). The formulation strategy was to prepare an optimum self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to overcome the problem of low solubility of the active substance. METHODS In this study, pseudo ternary phase diagrams were plotted determined by the solubility studies. According to the solubility studies; oleic acid was used as the oil phase, Tween 20 and Span 80 were used as the surfactants and ethanol was used as the co-surfactant. SMEDDS formulations were characterized according to pH, electrical conductivity, density, refractive index, viscosity, emulsification time, dispersibility, robustness of dilution stability, droplet size, polidispersity index, zeta potential, transmittance %, cloud point, content quantification %, chemical and physical stability. The lipolysis study was conducted under fed and fasted conditions. In vitro release studies and kinetic evaluation were carried out. Permeability studies were also examined with Caco-2 cell culture. RESULTS The droplet size of the optimized formulation did not change significantly in different medias over the test time period. Improved SMEDDS formulation will progress steadily without precipitating along the gastrointestinal tract. Lipolysis studies showed that the oil solution had been exposed to high amount of lipolysis compared to the SMEDDS formulation. The release rate of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation (93.8%, at 15 minutes) was found as increased when the results were compared with commercial tablet formulation and pure drug. The permeability value of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation was found higher than pure AtrCa and commercial tablet formulation, approximately 9.94 and 1.64 times, respectively. CONCLUSION Thus, lipid-based SMEDDS formulation is a potential formulation candidate for lymphatic route in terms of the increased solubility of AtrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Diril
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege University, Center For Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Yeşim Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Bodratti AM, Alexandridis P. Amphiphilic block copolymers in drug delivery: advances in formulation structure and performance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1085-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1529756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Bodratti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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