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Kanan S, Obeideen K, Moyet M, Abed H, Khan D, Shabnam A, El-Sayed Y, Arooj M, Mohamed AA. Recent Advances on Metal Oxide Based Sensors for Environmental Gas Pollutants Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-34. [PMID: 38506453 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2325129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Optimizing materials and associated structures for detecting various environmental gas pollutant concentrations has been a major challenge in environmental sensing technology. Semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) fabricated at the nanoscale are a class of sensor technology in which metallic species are functionalized with various dopants to modify their chemiresistivity and crystalline scaffolding properties. Studies focused on recent advances of gas sensors utilizing metal oxide nanostructures with a special emphasis on the structure-surface property relationships of some typical n-type and p-type SMOs for efficient gas detection are presented. Strategies to enhance the gas sensor performances are also discussed. These oxide material sensors have several advantages such as ease of handling, portability, and doped-based SMO sensing detection ability of environmental gas pollutants at low temperatures. SMO sensors have displayed excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness. In addition, the hybrid SMO sensors showed exceptional selectivity to some CWAs when irradiated with visible light while also displaying high reversibility and humidity independence. Results showed that TiO2 surfaces can sense 50 ppm SO2 in the presence of UV light and under operating temperatures of 298-473 K. Hybrid SMO displayed excellent gas sensing response. For example, a CuO-ZnO nanoparticle network of a 4:1 vol.% CuO/ZnO ratio exhibited responses three times greater than pure CuO sensors and six times greater than pure ZnO sensors toward H2S. This review provides a critical discussion of modified gas pollutant sensing capabilities of metal oxide nanoparticles under ambient conditions, focusing on reported results during the past two decades on gas pollutants sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Kanan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Khaled Obeideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Matthew Moyet
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Heba Abed
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Danyah Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Aysha Shabnam
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Mahreen Arooj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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2
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Tarekegn EN, Seyedi M, Luzinov I, Harrell WR. Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Virgin Graphene Oxide as an Interfacial Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235061. [PMID: 36501455 PMCID: PMC9736656 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated and characterized poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) (P3HT)-based Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) containing an interfacial layer made from virgin Graphene Oxide (GO). Previously chemically modified GO and reduced GO (RGO) were used to modify OTFT interfaces. However, to our knowledge, there are no published reports where virgin GO was employed for this purpose. For the sake of comparison, OTFTs without modification were also manufactured. The structure of the devices was based on the Bottom Gate Bottom Contact (BGBC) OTFT. We show that the presence of the GO monolayer on the surface of the OTFT's SiO2 dielectric and Au electrode surface noticeably improves their performance. Namely, the drain current and the field-effect mobility of OTFTs are considerably increased by modifying the interfaces with the virgin GO deposition. It is suggested that the observed enhancement is connected to a decrease in the contact resistance of GO-covered Au electrodes and the particular structure of the P3HT layer on the dielectric surface. Namely, we found a specific morphology of the organic semiconductor P3HT layer, where larger interconnecting polymer grains are formed on the surface of the GO-modified SiO2. It is proposed that this specific morphology is formed due to the increased mobility of the P3HT segments near the solid boundary, which was confirmed via Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob N. Tarekegn
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mastooreh Seyedi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (W.R.H.)
| | - William R. Harrell
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (W.R.H.)
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3
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Nada AA, Eckstein Andicsová A, Mosnáček J. Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:842. [PMID: 35055029 PMCID: PMC8776002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically conductive materials that are fabricated based on natural polymers have seen significant interest in numerous applications, especially when advanced properties such as self-healing are introduced. In this article review, the hydrogels that are based on natural polymers containing electrically conductive medium were covered, while both irreversible and reversible cross-links are presented. Among the conductive media, a special focus was put on conductive polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophenes, which can be potentially synthesized from renewable resources. Preparation methods of the conductive irreversible hydrogels that are based on these conductive polymers were reported observing their electrical conductivity values by Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). Additionally, the self-healing systems that were already applied or applicable in electrically conductive hydrogels that are based on natural polymers were presented and classified based on non-covalent or covalent cross-links. The real-time healing, mechanical stability, and electrically conductive values were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Nada
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulose Based Textiles Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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4
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Thickness Effect of Polar Polymer Films on the Characteristics of Organic Memory Transistors. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Kang Y, Kwak DH, Kwon JE, Kim BG, Lee WH. NO 2-Affinitive Conjugated Polymer for Selective Sub-Parts-Per-Billion NO 2 Detection in a Field-Effect Transistor Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31910-31918. [PMID: 34197091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have provided versatile semiconducting implements for the development of soft electronic devices. When three CPs with the same conjugated framework but different side chains were adopted in the field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for NO2 detection, the response to NO2 showed an opposite tendency to the charge carrier mobility of each CP. Morphological and structural characterizations revealed that the flexible glycol side chain enhances NO2 affinity as well as prevents the formation of lamellar stacking of the CP chains, thereby providing routes for the facile diffusion of NO2. Additionally, theoretical calculations for CP-NO2 complex formation at the molecular level support the relatively low energy barrier for inter-chain transition of NO2 between the glycol-based conjugated frameworks, which implies the spontaneous internal diffusion of NO2 to the semiconductor-dielectric interface in the FET-based sensor. As a result, the CP with a NO2-affinitive morphology exhibited an exceptional sensitivity of 13.8%/ppb upon NO2 (100 ppb) exposure for 50 s and provided excellent selectivity to the FET-based sensor toward other environmentally abundant harmful gases, such as SO2, CO2, and NH3. In particular, the theoretic limit of detection reached down to 0.24 ppb, which is the lowest value ever reported for organic FET-based NO2 gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkwon Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hun Kwak
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kwon
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Yuvaraja S, Bhyranalyar VN, Bhat SA, Surya SG, Yelamaggad CV, Salama KN. A highly selective electron affinity facilitated H 2S sensor: the marriage of tris(keto-hydrazone) and an organic field-effect transistor. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:525-537. [PMID: 34821268 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are emerging as part of a promising future for gas-sensing applications. However, some of their limitations, such as poor specificity, humidity sensitivity and poor ambient stability, remain persistent. Herein, a novel combination of a polymer-monomer heterostructure, derived from a CP (PDVT-10) and a newly reported monomer [tris(keto-hydrazone)] has been integrated in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) platform to sense H2S selectively. The hybrid heterostructure shows an unprecedented sensitivity (525% ppm-1) and high selectivity toward H2S gas. In addition, we demonstrated that the PDVT-10/tris(keto-hydrazone) OFET sensor has the lowest limit of detection (1 ppb), excellent ambient stability (∼5% current degradation after 150 days), good response-recovery behavior, and exceptional electrical behavior and gas response reproducibility. This work can help pave the way to incorporate futuristic gas sensors in a multitude of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Yuvaraja
- Sensors lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Recent Advances in Perylene Diimide-Based Active Materials in Electrical Mode Gas Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an update on advances in the area of electrical mode sensors using organic small molecule n-type semiconductors based on perylene. Among small organic molecules, perylene diimides (PDIs) are an important class of materials due to their outstanding thermal, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, all of which make them promising candidates for a wide range of organic electronic devices including sensors, organic solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, and organic light-emitting diodes. This is mainly due to their electron-withdrawing nature and significant charge transfer properties. Perylene-based sensors of this type show high sensing performance towards various analytes, particularly reducing gases like ammonia and hydrazine, but there are several issues that need to be addressed including the selectivity towards a specific gas, the effect of relative humidity, and operating temperature. In this review, we focus on the strategies and design principles applied to the gas-sensing performance of PDI-based devices, including resistive sensors, amperometric sensors, and operating at room temperature. The device properties and sensing mechanisms for different analytes, focusing on hydrazine and ammonia, are studied in detail, and some future research perspectives are discussed for this promising field. We hope the discussed results and examples inspire new forms of molecular engineering and begin to open opportunities for other rylene diimide classes to be applied as active materials.
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8
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Shin ES, Go JY, Ryu GS, Liu A, Noh YY. Highly Reliable Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Molecular Additives for a High-Performance Printed Gas Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4278-4283. [PMID: 33433990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising sensing materials for printed flexible gas sensors. However, OSCs are unstable in the humid air, which limits the realization of gas sensors for multiple usages. In this paper, we report a facile and effective way to improve the air stability of an OSC film to realize multiple reversibly used printed gas sensors by adding molecular additives. The tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 4-aminobenzonitrile (ABN) additives effectively prevent adsorption of moisture from the air on the OSC layer, thereby providing a stable gas sensor operation. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole with TCNQ or ABN shows highly reliable ammonia (NH3) gas sensing up to 10 ppm in air, with 23.14% sensitivity, and the gas sensor signal can recover up to 100%. In particular, the stability of gas detection is greatly improved by the additives, which can be performed in the air for 16 days. The result indicates that the elimination of moisture trapped in OSCs with molecule additives is critical in the improvement of device air/operational stabilities and the achievement of high-performance OFET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sol Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Organic Thin-Film Transistors as Gas Sensors: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010003. [PMID: 33375044 PMCID: PMC7792760 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are miniaturized devices based upon the electronic responses of organic semiconductors. In comparison to their conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors are cheaper, can undergo reversible doping processes and may have electronic properties chiefly modulated by molecular engineering approaches. More recently, OTFTs have been designed as gas sensor devices, displaying remarkable performance for the detection of important target analytes, such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the working principle of OTFTs for gas sensing, with concise descriptions of devices’ architectures and parameter extraction based upon a constant charge carrier mobility model. Then, it moves on with methods of device fabrication and physicochemical descriptions of the main organic semiconductors recently applied to gas sensors (i.e., since 2015 but emphasizing even more recent results). Finally, it describes the achievements of OTFTs in the detection of important gas pollutants alongside an outlook toward the future of this exciting technology.
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10
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Liang J, Song Z, Wang S, Zhao X, Tong Y, Ren H, Guo S, Tang Q, Liu Y. Cobweb-like, Ultrathin Porous Polymer Films for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52992-53002. [PMID: 33170620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) have drawn much attention owing to the inherent merits of specific selectivity, low cost, and room temperature operation. Ultrathin (<10 nm) and porous polymer semiconductor films offer a golden opportunity for achieving high-performance gas sensors. However, wafer-scale fabrication of such high-quality polymer films is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, cobweb-like, and ultrathin porous polymer films is reported via a one-step phase-inversion process. This approach is extremely simple and universal for constructing various ultrathin porous polymer semiconductor films. Thanks to the abundant pores, ultrathin size, and high charge-transfer efficiency of the prepared polymer films, our gas sensors exhibit many superior advantages, including ultrahigh response (2.46 × 106%), low limit of detection (LOD) (<1 ppm), and excellent selectivity. Thus, the proposed fabrication strategy is exceptionally promising for mass manufacturing of low-cost high-performance polymer FET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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11
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Ollé EP, Farré-Lladós J, Casals-Terré J. Advancements in Microfabricated Gas Sensors and Microanalytical Tools for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Odors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5478. [PMID: 32987904 PMCID: PMC7583964 DOI: 10.3390/s20195478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in micromachining techniques and nanomaterials have enabled the fabrication of highly sensitive devices for the detection of odorous species. Recent efforts done in the miniaturization of gas sensors have contributed to obtain increasingly compact and portable devices. Besides, the implementation of new nanomaterials in the active layer of these devices is helping to optimize their performance and increase their sensitivity close to humans' olfactory system. Nonetheless, a common concern of general-purpose gas sensors is their lack of selectivity towards multiple analytes. In recent years, advancements in microfabrication techniques and microfluidics have contributed to create new microanalytical tools, which represent a very good alternative to conventional analytical devices and sensor-array systems for the selective detection of odors. Hence, this paper presents a general overview of the recent advancements in microfabricated gas sensors and microanalytical devices for the sensitive and selective detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The working principle of these devices, design requirements, implementation techniques, and the key parameters to optimize their performance are evaluated in this paper. The authors of this work intend to show the potential of combining both solutions in the creation of highly compact, low-cost, and easy-to-deploy platforms for odor monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Perarnau Ollé
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC), MicroTech Lab, Colom street 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (J.C.-T.)
- SEAT S.A., R&D Department in Future Urban Mobility Concepts, A-2, Km 585, 08760 Martorell, Spain
| | - Josep Farré-Lladós
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC), MicroTech Lab, Colom street 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (J.C.-T.)
| | - Jasmina Casals-Terré
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC), MicroTech Lab, Colom street 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (J.C.-T.)
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Huang J. OFET chemical sensors: Chemical sensors based on ultrathin organic field‐effect transistors. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
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13
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Regioisomeric Polythiophene Derivatives: Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships for Organic Electronic Devices. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Park J. Functional Fibers, Composites and Textiles Utilizing Photothermal and Joule Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E189. [PMID: 31936785 PMCID: PMC7022820 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanism of adjusting the thermal environment surrounding the human body via textiles. Recently highlighted technologies for thermal management are based on the photothermal conversion principle and Joule heating for wearable electronics. Recent innovations in this technology are described, with a focus on reports in the last three years and are categorized into three subjects: (1) thermal management technologies of a passive type using light irradiation of the outside environment (photothermal heating), (2) those of an active type employing external electrical circuits (Joule heating), and (3) biomimetic structures. Fibers and textiles from the design of fibers and textiles perspective are also discussed with suggestions for future directions to maximize thermal storage and to minimize heat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy-Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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15
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Meresa AA, Kim FS. Selective Ammonia-Sensing Platforms Based on a Solution-Processed Film of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) and p-Doping Tris(Pentafluorophenyl)Borane. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E128. [PMID: 31948128 PMCID: PMC7022764 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we fabricate ammonia sensors based on organic transistors by using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blended with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as an active layer. As TPFB is an efficient p-type dopant for P3HT, the current level of the blend films can be easily modulated by controlling the blend ratio. The devices exhibit significantly increased on-state and off-state current levels owing to the ohmic current originated from the large number of charge carriers when the active polymer layer contains TPFB with concentrations up to 20 wt % (P3HT:TPFB = 8:2). The current is decreased at 40 wt % of TPFB (P3HT:TPFB = 6:4). The P3HT:TPFB blend with a weight ratio of 9:1 exhibits the highest sensing performances for various concentrations of ammonia. The device exhibits an increased percentage current response compared to that of a pristine P3HT device. The current response of the P3HT:TPFB (9:1) device at 100 ppm of ammonia is as high as 65.8%, 3.2 times that of the pristine P3HT (20.3%). Furthermore, the sensor based on the blend exhibits a remarkable selectivity to ammonia with respect to acetone, methanol, and dichloromethane, owing to the strong interaction between the Lewis acid (TPFB) and Lewis base (ammonia).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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16
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Suenaga K, Uemura K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Stimuli-responsive luminochromic polymers consisting of multi-state emissive fused boron ketoiminate. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both thermochromic luminescence in solution and mechanochromic luminescence were each observed from conjugated polymers containing a fused boron complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Suenaga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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17
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Park MS, Meresa AA, Kwon CM, Kim FS. Selective Wet-Etching of Polymer/Fullerene Blend Films for Surface- and Nanoscale Morphology-Controlled Organic Transistors and Sensitivity-Enhanced Gas Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101682. [PMID: 31618868 PMCID: PMC6836219 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface and nanoscale morphology of thin poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films are effectively controlled by blending the polymer with a soluble derivative of fullerene, and then selectively dissolving out the fullerene from the blend films. A combination of the polymer blending with fullerene and a use of diiodooctane (DIO) as a processing additive enhances the molecular ordering of P3HT through nanoscale phase separation, compared to the pristine P3HT. In organic thin-film transistors, such morphological changes in the blend induce a positive effect on the field-effect mobility, as the mobility is ~5-7 times higher than in the pristine P3HT. Simple dipping of the blend films in butyl acetate (BA) causes a selective dissolution of the small molecular component, resulting in a rough surface with nanoscale features of P3HT films. Chemical sensors utilizing these morphological features show an enhanced sensitivity in detection of gas-phase ammonia, water, and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Alem Araya Meresa
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Chan-Min Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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19
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Song R, Wang Z, Zhou X, Huang L, Chi L. Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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20
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Yu SY, Tung TW, Yang HY, Chen GY, Shih CC, Lee YC, Chen CC, Zan HW, Meng HF, Lu CJ, Wang CL, Jian WB, Soppera O. A Versatile Method to Enhance the Operational Current of Air-Stable Organic Gas Sensor for Monitoring of Breath Ammonia in Hemodialysis Patients. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1023-1031. [PMID: 30892019 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) application for monitoring of breath ammonia (BA) in hemodialysis (HD) patients has emerged as a promising noninvasive health monitoring approach. In this context, many organic gas sensors have been reported for BA detection. However, one of the major challenges for its integration with affordable household POC application is to achieve stable performance for accuracy and high operational current at low voltage for low-cost read-out circuitry. Herein, we exploited the stability of the Donor-Acceptor polymer on the cylindrical nanopore structure to realize the sensors with a high sensitivity and stability. Then, we proposed a double active layer (DL) strategy that exploits an ultrathin layer of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) to serve as a work function buffer to enhance the operational current. The DL sensor exhibits a sustainable enhanced operational current of microampere level and a stable sensing response even with the presence of P3HT layer. This effect is carefully examined with different aspects, including vertical composition profile of DL configuration, lifetime testing on different sensing layer, morphological analysis, and the versatility of the DL strategy. Finally, we utilize the DL sensor to conduct a tracing of BA concentration in two HD patients before and after HD, and correlate it with the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. A good correlation coefficient of 0.96 is achieved. Moreover, the feasibility of DL sensor integrated into a low-cost circuitry was also verified. The results demonstrate the potential of this DL strategy to be used to integrate organic sensor for affordable household POC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Yu
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang-Chiang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25, Lane 442, Section 1, Jingguo Road, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Jung Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road, Section 1, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Olivier Soppera
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex, France
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Du X, Chu Y, Zhang S, Huang J. Gas Sensors Based on Nano/Microstructured Organic Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805196. [PMID: 30730106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the advantages of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), including synthetic versatility of organic molecular design and environmental sensitivity, gas sensors based on OFETs have drawn much attention in recent years. Potential applications focus on the detection of specific gas species such as explosive, toxic gases, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play vital roles in environmental monitoring, industrial manufacturing, smart health care, food security, and national defense. To achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and ambient stability with rapid response and recovery speed, the regulation and adjustment of the nano/microstructure of the organic semiconductor (OSC) layer has proven to be an effective strategy. Here, the progress of OFET gas sensors with nano/microstructure is selectively presented. Devices based on OSC films one dimensional (1D) single crystal nanowires, nanorods, and nanofibers are introduced. Then, devices based on two dimensional (2D) and ultrathin OSC films, fabricated by methods such as thermal evaporation, dip-coating, spin-coating, and solution-shearing methods are presented, followed by an introduction of porous OFET sensors. Additionally, the applications of nanostructured receptors in OFET sensors are given. Finally, an outlook in view of the current research state is presented and eight further challenges for gas sensors based on OFETs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Du
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yingli Chu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, P. R. China
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Raikwar MM, Patil DS, Mathew E, Varghese M, Joe IH, Sekar N. Influence of thiophene spacer and auxiliary acceptor on the optical properties of 4-(Diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde based D-π-A-π-D Colorants with N-alkyl donors: Experimental, DFT and Z-scan study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Thienoisoindigo-Based Semiconductor Nanowires Assembled with 2-Bromobenzaldehyde via Both Halogen and Chalcogen Bonding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14448. [PMID: 30262857 PMCID: PMC6160462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We fabricated nanowires of a conjugated oligomer and applied them to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The supramolecular assemblies of a thienoisoindigo-based small molecular organic semiconductor (TIIG-Bz) were prepared by co-precipitation with 2-bromobenzaldehyde (2-BBA) via a combination of halogen bonding (XB) between the bromide in 2-BBA and electron-donor groups in TIIG-Bz, and chalcogen bonding (CB) between the aldehyde in 2-BBA and sulfur in TIIG-Bz. It was found that 2-BBA could be incorporated into the conjugated planes of TIIG-Bz via XB and CB pairs, thereby increasing the π − π stacking area between the conjugated planes. As a result, the driving force for one-dimensional growth of the supramolecular assemblies via π − π stacking was significantly enhanced. TIIG-Bz/2-BBA nanowires were used to fabricate OFETs, showing significantly enhanced charge transfer mobility compared to OFETs based on pure TIIG-Bz thin films and nanowires, which demonstrates the benefit of nanowire fabrication using 2-BBA.
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25
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Highly Ammonia Sensing Using Direct In Situ Electro-Deposited Polypyrrole-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Film on ITO Coated Flexible Substrates. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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