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Iwamori R, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Molecular Design of Naphthalene- and Carbazole-Based Monomers for Regiospecific Synthesis of Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Co-Catalyzed Hydroarylation Polyaddition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400168. [PMID: 38644552 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of regiospecific hydroarylation polyaddition of naphthalene- and carbazole-based monomers with diynes under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. A 1-pyrazole substituent serves as an appropriate directing group for a Co-catalyst to efficiently activate the C-H bonds of generally inactive six-membered aromatic hydrocarbons. The 1-pyrazole groups in 2,6-di(1-pyrazolyl)naphthalene adopt planar conformations and act as directing groups, resulting in a smooth hydroarylation reaction. In contrast, the reaction with 1,5-di(1-pyrazolyl)naphthalene do not proceed. The polyaddition reaction of 2,6-di(1-pyrazolyl)naphthalene selectively proceeds at 3,7-positions under mild reaction conditions at 30 °C, and yields corresponding poly(arylenevinylene) (PAV) with high molecular weight. This molecular design is also applicable to the hydroarylation polyaddition of carbazole; the polyaddition reaction of 9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-di(1-pyrazolyl)carbazole selectively occurred at 2,7-positions. The optical and electronic properties of the synthesized compounds are evaluated. The obtained PAVs serve as an emitting material in organic light-emitting diode (OLED). This study aims to develop a Co-catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition via C-H activation of generally inactive polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwamori
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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Tsukahara K, Iwamori R, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Mn-Catalyzed Hydroarylation Polyaddition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400456. [PMID: 39047159 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mn-catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition of 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrrole (1a) with aromatic diynes is investigated. The use of commercially available MnBr(CO)5 as a precatalyst under the optimized reaction conditions resulted in a site- and regioselective hydroarylation polyaddition, affording the corresponding poly(arylenevinylene)s (PAVs) with excellent vinylene selectivity. The reaction protocol eliminates the production of stoichiometric amounts of byproducts from the monomers. The nonstoichiometric polyaddition of an excess amount of 1a with aromatic diynes is also demonstrated. The 2-pyrimidinyl substituent promoted the intramolecular transfer of the Mn catalyst walking through the 1a moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Tsukahara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwamori
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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3
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Kiyota S, Hirano M. Halogen-, oxidant- and directing group-free synthesis of donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13066-13069. [PMID: 37849346 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular hydrogen migration from dibutadienylpyridine to dialkynylthiophene catalysed by [Ru(η6-naphthalene)(η4-oxa-bnd)] (oxa-bnd = 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene) produces poly(dialkynylthiophene-alt-dibutadienylpyridine). The exact alternating copolymerisation nature is shown by MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayori Kiyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Deng J, Pan Y, Zheng Z, Ding X. Isoindigo-Based Dual-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Incorporated Conjugation Length and Intramolecular Charge Transfer for High-Efficient Photothermal Conversion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300244. [PMID: 37465937 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PA) have emerged as promising noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. However, the development of efficient PTT agents with high photostability and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption remains challenging. This study synthesizes three isoindigo-based dual-acceptor conjugated polymers (CPs) (P-IIG-TPD, P-IIG-DPP, and P-IIG-EDOT-BT) via a green and nontoxic direct arylation polymerization (DArP) method and characterizes their optical, electrochemical, and NIR photothermal conversion properties. By incorporating two acceptors into the backbone, the resulting polymers exhibit enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) due to improved synergy among conjugation length, planarity, and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The nanoparticles (NPs) of P-IIG-EDOT-BT and P-IIG-DPP have a uniform size distribution around 140 nm and exhibit remarkable NIR absorption at 808 nm. In addition, P-IIG-EDOT-BT and P-IIG-DPP NPs exhibit high PCEs of 62% and 78%, respectively. This study promotes the molecular design of CPs as NIR photothermal conversion materials and provides guidance for the development of novel dual-acceptor CPs for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinni Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Xihua University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobin Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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Doba T, Shang R, Nakamura E. Iron-Catalyzed C–H Activation for Heterocoupling and Copolymerization of Thiophenes with Enamines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21692-21701. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Doba
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Kang E, Jeon JE, Jeong S, Kim HT, Joo JM. Sterically controlled C-H alkenylation of pyrroles and thiophenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11791-11794. [PMID: 34671788 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H alkenylations targeting the least hindered position of N-alkyl pyrroles and 3-substituted thiophenes, as opposed to electronically controlled approaches, are developed. The steric demand and stable bidentate binding mode of the pyrazolonaphthyridine ligand are key to the success of these sterically controlled alkenylations using oxygen as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Eun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyeon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Iwamori R, Sato R, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Co-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100283. [PMID: 34142404 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyaddition via the Co-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrrole with aromatic diynes affords poly(arylenevinylene)s under mild conditions. This reaction avoids production of stoichiometric amounts of by-products. Although structural analysis of the obtained polymers reveals the presence of 1,1-vinylidene unit, switching the counter anion of the Co catalyst and steric hindrance of the diyne monomers improves the regioselectivity of the polymers. When a catalyst with bulky counter anions is used for the reaction of less hindered diyne monomers, 1,2-vinylene linkages are formed dominantly over 1,1-vinylidene linkages (93:7). The effect of the regioselectivity of the polymer on the optical and semiconducting properties is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwamori
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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Effect of Fluorine Atom on Photovoltaic Properties of Triphenylamine-Substituted Quinoxaline-Based D-A Type Polymers. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Koo DG, Lee D, Noh J, Lee YH, Jang S, Nam I, Shin TJ, Park J. Impact of Intermolecular Interactions Between a Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer and Bromobenzaldehyde on Field-Effect Transistors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Song J, Qu J, Qian PC, Wong WY. Recent progress of electronic materials based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and its derivatives: synthesis and their application in organic light-emitting diodes. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Phenothiazine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: synthesis, optical and organic field effect transistor properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen LT, Nguyen HT, Phan NT, Nguyen VQ, Nguyen LT, Hoang MH, Le Tran H, Mai PT, Murata H, Abdul Aziz MZB, Akabori M, Nguyen HT. Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization for the synthesis of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on
N
‐benzoyldithieno [3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole and diketopyrrolopyrrole toward organic photovoltaic cell application. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tam H Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Loc T Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Huy T Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngoc‐Lan T Phan
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Viet Q Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Le‐Thu T Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Mai Ha Hoang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hai Le Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phong T Mai
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hideyuki Murata
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Nomi Japan
| | - Mohd Zaidan bin Abdul Aziz
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Nomi Japan
| | - Masashi Akabori
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Nomi Japan
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVietnam National University (VNU–HCM) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Lee T, Lim E. An Octylrhodanine-endcapped Thiophene as a Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Eunhee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea
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