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MacLachlan BJ, Mason GH, Greenshields‐Watson A, Triebel F, Gallimore A, Cole DK, Godkin A. Molecular characterization of HLA class II binding to the LAG-3 T cell co-inhibitory receptor. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:331-341. [PMID: 32920841 PMCID: PMC8101287 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (antibodies that block the T cell co-inhibitory receptors PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4) have revolutionized the treatment of some forms of cancer. Importantly, combination approaches using drugs that target both pathways have been shown to boost the efficacy of such treatments. Subsequently, several other T cell inhibitory receptors have been identified for the development of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. Included in this list is the co-inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), which is upregulated on T cells extracted from tumor sites that have suppressive or exhausted phenotypes. However, the molecular rules that govern the function of LAG-3 are still not understood. Using surface plasmon resonance combined with a novel bead-based assay (AlphaScreenTM ), we demonstrate that LAG-3 can directly and specifically interact with intact human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) heterodimers. Unlike the homologue CD4, which has an immeasurably weak affinity using these biophysical approaches, LAG-3 binds with low micromolar affinity. We further validated the interaction at the cell surface by staining LAG-3+ cells with pHLA-II-multimers. These data provide new insights into the mechanism by which LAG-3 initiates T cell inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Awen Gallimore
- Division of Infection & ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - David K. Cole
- Division of Infection & ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Andrew Godkin
- Division of Infection & ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Zhao J, Zhong S, Niu X, Jiang J, Zhang R, Li Q. The MHC class I-LILRB1 signalling axis as a promising target in cancer therapy. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12804. [PMID: 31267559 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are among the newest, cutting-edge methods for the treatment of cancer. Currently, they primarily influence T cell adaptive immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/B7 signalling pathways. These inhibitors fight cancer by reactivating the patient's own adaptive immune system, with good results in many cancers. With the discovery of the "Don't Eat Me" molecule, CD47, antibody-based drugs that target the macrophage-related innate immunosuppressive signalling pathway, CD47-SIRPα, have been developed and have achieved stunning results in the laboratory and the clinic, but there remain unexplained instances of tumour immune escape. While investigating the immunological tolerance of cancer to anti-CD47 antibodies, a second "Don't Eat Me" molecule on tumour cells, beta 2 microglobulin (β2m), a component of MHC class I, was described. Some tumour cells reduce their surface expression of MHC class I to escape T cell recognition. However, other tumour cells highly express β2m complexed with the MHC class I heavy chain to send a "Don't Eat Me" signal by binding to leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family B, member 1 (LILRB1) on macrophages, leading to a loss of immune surveillance. Investigating the mechanisms underlying this immunosuppressive MHC class I-LILRB1 signalling axis in tumour-associated macrophages will be useful in developing therapies to restore macrophage function and control MHC class I signalling in patient tumours. The goal is to promote adaptive immunity while suppressing the innate immune response to tumours. This work will identify new therapeutic targets for the development of pharmaceutical-based tumour immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing Niu
- Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Clement M, Pearson JA, Gras S, van den Berg HA, Lissina A, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Willis MD, Dockree T, McLaren JE, Ekeruche-Makinde J, Gostick E, Robertson NP, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR, Price DA, Wong FS, Peakman M, Skowera A, Wooldridge L. Targeted suppression of autoreactive CD8 + T-cell activation using blocking anti-CD8 antibodies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35332. [PMID: 27748447 PMCID: PMC5066216 DOI: 10.1038/srep35332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cells play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. However, drugs that target the entire CD8+ T-cell population are not desirable because the associated lack of specificity can lead to unwanted consequences, most notably an enhanced susceptibility to infection. Here, we show that autoreactive CD8+ T-cells are highly dependent on CD8 for ligand-induced activation via the T-cell receptor (TCR). In contrast, pathogen-specific CD8+ T-cells are relatively CD8-independent. These generic differences relate to an intrinsic dichotomy that segregates self-derived and exogenous antigen-specific TCRs according to the monomeric interaction affinity with cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI). As a consequence, “blocking” anti-CD8 antibodies can suppress autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation in a relatively selective manner. These findings provide a rational basis for the development and in vivo assessment of novel therapeutic strategies that preferentially target disease-relevant autoimmune responses within the CD8+ T-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James A Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Anya Lissina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Mark D Willis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tamsin Dockree
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julia Ekeruche-Makinde
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Neil P Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ania Skowera
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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