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Cheng J, Dong Y, Ma J, Pan R, Liao Y, Kong X, Li X, Li S, Chen P, Wang L, Yu Y, Yuan Z. Microglial Calhm2 regulates neuroinflammation and contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabe3600. [PMID: 34433553 PMCID: PMC8386937 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Neuronal calcium dysfunction and microglial-mediated neuroinflammation are closely associated with the development of AD. However, it remains unknown whether calcium dysfunction contributes to microglial activation and, in turn, AD pathology in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of calcium homeostasis modulator family protein 2 (Calhm2) is increased in an AD mouse model. In 5×FAD mice carrying five familial AD gene mutations, both conventional knockout of Calhm2 and conditional microglial knockout of Calhm2 significantly reduced amyloid β deposition, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Mechanistically, knockout of Calhm2 inhibited microglial proinflammatory activity but increased phagocytic activity, leading to restoration of the balance between inflammation and phagocytosis. In addition, knockout of Calhm2 reduced acute LPS-induced neuroinflammation. These results highlight an important role for Calhm2 in microglial activation and provide a potential therapeutic target for diseases related to microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jun Ma
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyuan Pan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangxi Kong
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pingfang Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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A novel m 6A reader Prrc2a controls oligodendroglial specification and myelination. Cell Res 2018; 29:23-41. [PMID: 30514900 PMCID: PMC6318280 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, is linked to cell differentiation and tissue development, the biological significance of m6A modification in mammalian glial development remains unknown. Here, we identify a novel m6A reader, Prrc2a (Proline rich coiled-coil 2 A), which controls oligodendrocyte specification and myelination. Nestin-Cre-mediated knockout of Prrc2a induces significant hypomyelination, decreased lifespan, as well as locomotive and cognitive defects in a mouse model. Further analyses reveal that Prrc2a is involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferation and oligodendrocyte fate determination. Accordingly, oligodendroglial-lineage specific deletion of Prrc2a causes a similar phenotype of Nestin-Cre-mediated deletion. Combining transcriptome-wide RNA-seq, m6A-RIP-seq and Prrc2a RIP-seq analysis, we find that Olig2 is a critical downstream target gene of Prrc2a in oligodendrocyte development. Furthermore, Prrc2a stabilizes Olig2 mRNA through binding to a consensus GGACU motif in the Olig2 CDS (coding sequence) in an m6A-dependent manner. Interestingly, we also find that the m6A demethylase, Fto, erases the m6A modification of Olig2 mRNA and promotes its degradation. Together, our results indicate that Prrc2a plays an important role in oligodendrocyte specification through functioning as a novel m6A reader. These findings suggest a new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for hypomyelination-related neurological diseases.
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Ma J, Qi X, Yang C, Pan R, Wang S, Wu J, Huang L, Chen H, Cheng J, Wu R, Liao Y, Mao L, Wang FC, Wu Z, An JX, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Yuan Z. Calhm2 governs astrocytic ATP releasing in the development of depression-like behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:883-891. [PMID: 29180673 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a widespread cell-to-cell signaling molecule in the brain, where it functions as a neuromodulator by activating glia and neurons. Although ATP exerts multiple effects on synaptic plasticity and neuro-glia interactions, as well as in mood disorders, the source and regulation of ATP release remain to be elaborated. Here, we define Calhm2 as an ATP-releasing channel protein based on in vitro and in vivo models. Conventional knockout and conditional astrocyte knockout of Calhm2 both lead to significantly reduced ATP concentrations, loss of hippocampal spine number, neural dysfunction and depression-like behaviors in mice, which can be significantly rescued by ATP replenishment. Our findings identify Calhm2 as a critical ATP-releasing channel that modulates neural activity and as a potential risk factor of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - R Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Cheng
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Wu
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F C Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hosipital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hanzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J X An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Vingtdeux V, Chang EH, Frattini SA, Zhao H, Chandakkar P, Adrien L, Strohl JJ, Gibson EL, Ohmoto M, Matsumoto I, Huerta PT, Marambaud P. CALHM1 deficiency impairs cerebral neuron activity and memory flexibility in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24250. [PMID: 27066908 PMCID: PMC4828655 DOI: 10.1038/srep24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CALHM1 is a cell surface calcium channel expressed in cerebral neurons. CALHM1 function in the brain remains unknown, but recent results showed that neuronal CALHM1 controls intracellular calcium signaling and cell excitability, two mechanisms required for synaptic function. Here, we describe the generation of Calhm1 knockout (Calhm1−/−) mice and investigate CALHM1 role in neuronal and cognitive functions. Structural analysis revealed that Calhm1−/− brains had normal regional and cellular architecture, and showed no evidence of neuronal or synaptic loss, indicating that CALHM1 deficiency does not affect brain development or brain integrity in adulthood. However, Calhm1−/− mice showed a severe impairment in memory flexibility, assessed in the Morris water maze, and a significant disruption of long-term potentiation without alteration of long-term depression, measured in ex vivo hippocampal slices. Importantly, in primary neurons and hippocampal slices, CALHM1 activation facilitated the phosphorylation of NMDA and AMPA receptors by protein kinase A. Furthermore, neuronal CALHM1 activation potentiated the effect of glutamate on the expression of c-Fos and C/EBPβ, two immediate-early gene markers of neuronal activity. Thus, CALHM1 controls synaptic activity in cerebral neurons and is required for the flexible processing of memory in mice. These results shed light on CALHM1 physiology in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Stephen A Frattini
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Leslie Adrien
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Joshua J Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Gibson
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Patricio T Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune &Neural Networks, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Tordoff MG, Ellis HT, Aleman TR, Downing A, Marambaud P, Foskett JK, Dana RM, McCaughey SA. Salty taste deficits in CALHM1 knockout mice. Chem Senses 2014; 39:515-28. [PMID: 24846212 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic ablation of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), which releases adenosine triphosphate from Type 2 taste cells, severely compromises the behavioral and electrophysiological responses to tastes detected by G protein-coupled receptors, such as sweet and bitter. However, the contribution of CALHM1 to salty taste perception is less clear. Here, we evaluated several salty taste-related phenotypes of CALHM1 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) controls: 1) In a conditioned aversion test, CALHM1 WT and KO mice had similar NaCl avoidance thresholds. 2) In two-bottle choice tests, CALHM1 WT mice showed the classic inverted U-shaped NaCl concentration-preference function but CALHM1 KO mice had a blunted peak response. 3) In brief-access tests, CALHM1 KO mice showed less avoidance than did WT mice of high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, NH(4)Cl, and sodium lactate (NaLac). Amiloride further ameliorated the NaCl avoidance of CALHM1 KO mice, so that lick rates to a mixture of 1000 mM NaCl + 10 µM amiloride were statistically indistinguishable from those to water. 4) Relative to WT mice, CALHM1 KO mice had reduced chorda tympani nerve activity elicited by oral application of NaCl, NaLac, and sucrose but normal responses to HCl and NH(4)Cl. Chorda tympani responses to NaCl and NaLac were amiloride sensitive in WT but not KO mice. These results reinforce others demonstrating that multiple transduction pathways make complex, concentration-dependent contributions to salty taste perception. One of these pathways depends on CALHM1 to detect hypertonic NaCl in the mouth and signal the aversive taste of concentrated salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Tordoff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,
| | - Hillary T Ellis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tiffany R Aleman
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arnelle Downing
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel M Dana
- Department of Biology, Cooper Life Sciences Building, CL121, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA and
| | - Stuart A McCaughey
- Center for Medical Education, IUSM-Muncie at Ball State University, 221 N. Celia Avenue, MT 201, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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Taruno A, Matsumoto I, Ma Z, Marambaud P, Foskett JK. How do taste cells lacking synapses mediate neurotransmission? CALHM1, a voltage-gated ATP channel. Bioessays 2013; 35:1111-8. [PMID: 24105910 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CALHM1 was recently demonstrated to be a voltage-gated ATP-permeable ion channel and to serve as a bona fide conduit for ATP release from sweet-, umami-, and bitter-sensing type II taste cells. Calhm1 is expressed in taste buds exclusively in type II cells and its product has structural and functional similarities with connexins and pannexins, two families of channel protein candidates for ATP release by type II cells. Calhm1 knockout in mice leads to loss of perception of sweet, umami, and bitter compounds and to impaired gustatory nerve responses to these tastants. These new studies validate the concept of ATP as the primary neurotransmitter from type II cells to gustatory neurons. Furthermore, they identify voltage-gated ATP release through CALHM1 as an essential molecular mechanism of ATP release in taste buds. We discuss these new findings, as well as unresolved issues in peripheral taste signaling that we hope will stimulate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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