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Zelanis A, Barcick U, Racorti NDV, Salardani M. Heterotypic communication as the promoter of phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells: The role of cancer secretomes. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200243. [PMID: 37474490 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular communication relies on signaling circuits whose statuses are mainly modulated by soluble biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and metabolites as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, the active secretion of such biomolecules is critical for both cell homeostasis and proper pathophysiological responses in a timely fashion. In this context, proteins are among the main modulators of such biological responses. Hence, profiling cell line secretomes may be an opportunity for the identification of "signatures" of specific cell types (i.e., stromal or metastatic cells) with important prognostic/therapeutic value. This review will focus on the biological implications of cell secretomes in the context of cancer, as well as their functional roles in shaping the tumoral microenvironment (TME) and communication status of participating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uilla Barcick
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Vasconcellos Racorti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Salardani
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Razaghi A, Durand-Dubief M, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M. Combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon in cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249330. [PMID: 37691915 PMCID: PMC10484344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 and PD-L1 are crucial regulators of immunity expressed on the surface of T cells and tumour cells, respectively. Cancer cells frequently use PD-1/PD-L1 to evade immune detection; hence, blocking them exposes tumours to be attacked by activated T cells. The synergy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon (IFN) can improve cancer treatment efficacy. Type I IFN activates immune cells boosts antigen presentation and controls proliferation. In addition, type I IFN increases tumour cell sensitivity to the blockade. Combining the two therapies increases tumoral T cell infiltration and activation within tumours, and stimulate the generation of memory T cells, leading to prolonged patient survival. However, limitations include heterogeneous responses, the need for biomarkers to predict and monitor outcomes, and adverse effects and toxicity. Although treatment resistance remains an obstacle, the combined therapeutic efficacy of IFNα/β and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade demonstrated considerable benefits across a spectrum of cancer types, notably in melanoma. Overall, the phases I and II clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficiency. In future, further investigations in clinical trials phases III and IV are essential to compare this combinatorial treatment with standard treatment and assess long-term side effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razaghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mickaël Durand-Dubief
- Discovery & Front-End Innovation, Lesaffre Institute of Science & Technology, Lesaffre International, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Global Health Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Huang H, Huo Z, Jiao J, Ji W, Huang J, Bian Z, Xu B, Shao J, Sun J. HOXC6 impacts epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune microenvironment through gene transcription in gliomas. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:170. [PMID: 35488304 PMCID: PMC9052479 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). To improve the prognosis of glioma, it is necessary to identify molecular markers that may be useful for glioma therapy. HOXC6, an important transcription factor, is involved in multiple cancers. However, the role of HOXC6 in gliomas is not clear. METHODS Bioinformatic and IHC analyses of collected samples (n = 299) were performed to detect HOXC6 expression and the correlation between HOXC6 expression and clinicopathological features of gliomas. We collected clinical information from 177 to 299 patient samples and estimated the prognostic value of HOXC6. Moreover, cell proliferation assays were performed. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) based on ChIP-seq and public datasets to explore the biological characteristics of HOXC6 in gliomas. RNA-seq was conducted to verify the relationship between HOXC6 expression levels and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Furthermore, the tumour purity, stromal and immune scores were evaluated. The relationship between HOXC6 expression and infiltrating immune cell populations and immune checkpoint proteins was also researched. RESULTS HOXC6 was overexpressed and related to the clinicopathological features of gliomas. In addition, knockdown of HOXC6 inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Furthermore, increased HOXC6 expression was associated with clinical progression. The biological role of HOXC6 in gliomas was primarily associated with EMT and the immune microenvironment in gliomas. High HOXC6 expression was related to high infiltration by immune cells, a low tumour purity score, a high stromal score, a high immune score and the expression of a variety of immune checkpoint genes, including PD-L1, B7-H3 and CLTA-4. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that HOXC6 might be a key factor in promoting tumorigenesis and glioma progression by regulating the EMT signalling pathway and might represent a novel immune therapeutic target in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyuan Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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ISG15 pathway knockdown reverses pancreatic cancer cell transformation and decreases murine pancreatic tumor growth via downregulation of PDL-1 expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:2029-2039. [PMID: 31709456 PMCID: PMC9886270 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15 kDa protein induced by type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) and is a member of the ubiquitin-like superfamily of proteins. The ISG15 pathway is highly expressed in various malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting a potential role of the ISG15 pathway (free ISG15 and ISG15 conjugates) in pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, very little is known about how the ISG15 pathway may contribute to pancreatic tumorigenesis. In the current study, we demonstrate that ISG15 pathway knockdown reverses the KRAS-associated phenotypes of PDAC cells such as increased proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated ISG15 knockdown decreased tumor programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) expression leading to increased number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased pancreatic tumor growth. In addition, the syngeneic subcutaneous mouse model revealed that knocking down the ISG15 pathway significantly decreased the rate of tumor incidence and increased the survival rate. Interestingly, the ISG15 knockdown-mediated PDL-1 downregulation in pancreatic tumors increased the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) treatment. ISG15 knockdown in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment synergistically increased the number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Additionally, ISG15 knockdown alone significantly decreased the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared to wild type tumors treated with anti-PD-1 antibody. Overall, these findings suggest that strategies to target the ISG15 pathway by itself or in combination with immunotherapy may lead to improved survival for patients diagnosed with PDAC.
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Speranza MC, Passaro C, Ricklefs F, Kasai K, Klein SR, Nakashima H, Kaufmann JK, Ahmed AK, Nowicki MO, Obi P, Bronisz A, Aguilar-Cordova E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Breakefield X, Weissleder R, Freeman GJ, Reardon DA, Wen PY, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Preclinical investigation of combined gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:225-235. [PMID: 29016938 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined immunotherapy approaches are promising cancer treatments. We evaluated anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment combined with gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy (GMCI) performed by intratumoral injection of a prodrug metabolizing nonreplicating adenovirus (AdV-tk), providing in situ chemotherapy and immune stimulation. Methods The effects of GMCI on PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in glioblastoma were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of the combination was investigated in 2 syngeneic mouse glioblastoma models (GL261 and CT-2A). Immune infiltrates were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results GMCI upregulated PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Both GMCI and anti-PD-1 increased intratumoral T-cell infiltration. A higher percentage of long-term survivors was observed in mice treated with combined GMCI/anti-PD-1 relative to single treatments. Long-term survivors were protected from tumor rechallenge, demonstrating durable memory antitumor immunity. GMCI led to elevated interferon gamma positive T cells and a lower proportion of exhausted double positive PD1+TIM+CD8+ T cells. GMCI also increased PD-L1 levels on tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages/microglia. Our data suggest that anti-PD-1 treatment improves the effectiveness of GMCI by overcoming interferon-induced PD-L1-mediated inhibitory signals, and GMCI improves anti-PD-1 efficacy by increasing tumor-infiltrating T-cell activation. Conclusions Our data show that the GMCI/anti-PD-1 combination is well tolerated and effective in glioblastoma mouse models. These results support evaluation of this combination in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmela Speranza
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmela Passaro
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazue Kasai
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johanna K Kaufmann
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdul-Kareem Ahmed
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prisca Obi
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura K Aguilar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Advantagene Inc., Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xandra Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bonavida B. Linking Autophagy and the Dysregulated NFκB/ SNAIL/YY1/RKIP/PTEN Loop in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Crit Rev Oncog 2018; 23:307-320. [PMID: 30311562 PMCID: PMC6370039 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of various cancers has been well documented in many reports. Autophagy in cancer cells regulates cell proliferation, viability, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and responses to chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. These manifestations are the result of various regulatory gene products that govern autophagic, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. In several human cancer cell models, the presence of a dysregulated circuit-namely, NFκB/SNAIL/YY1/RKIP/PTEN-that plays a major role in the regulation of tumor cell unique characteristics just listed for autophagy-regulated activities. Accordingly, the autophagic mechanism and the dysregulated circuit in cancer cells share many of the same properties and activities. Thus, it has been hypothesized that there must exist a biochemical/molecular link between the two. The present review describes the link and the association of each gene product of the dysregulated circuit with the autophagic mechanism and delineates the presence of crosstalk. Crosstalk between autophagy and the dysregulated circuit is significant and has important implications in the development of targeted therapies aimed at either autophagy or the dysregulated gene products in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747,
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Li CJ, Liao WT, Wu MY, Chu PY. New Insights into the Role of Autophagy in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071566. [PMID: 28753959 PMCID: PMC5536054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that is affected by various factors, including hypoxia, acidosis, and immune and inflammatory responses, which have significant effects on tumor adhesion, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In this hostile tumor microenvironment, autophagy of tumor cells can promote tumor growth and metastasis. As autophagy is a double-edged sword in tumors, treatment of cancer via regulation of autophagy is extremely complicated. Therefore, understanding the relationship between tumor autophagy and the tumor microenvironment is extremely important. As the immune milieu plays an important role in tumor development, immunotherapy has become a promising form of cancer therapy. A multi-pronged treatment approach using immunotherapy and molecular targets may become the major direction for future cancer treatments. This article reviews existing knowledge regarding the immune factors in the tumor microenvironment and the status of tumor autophagy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Autophagy, a self-eating machinery, has been reported as an adaptive response to maintain metabolic homeostasis when cancer cells encounter stress. It has been appreciated that autophagy acts as a double-edge sword to decide the fate of cancer cells upon stress factors, molecular subtypes, and microenvironmental conditions. Currently, the majority of evidence support that autophagy in cancer cells is a vital mechanism bringing on resistance to current and prospective treatments, yet whether autophagy affects the anticancer immune response remains unclear and controversial. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that triggering autophagy is able to facilitate anticancer immunity due to an increase in immunogenicity, whereas other studies suggested that autophagy is likely to disarm anticancer immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells and nature killer (NK) cells. Hence, this contradiction needs to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in cancer cells per se and in cancer microenvironment as well as its dual regulatory roles in immune surveillance through modulating presentation of tumor antigens, development of immune cells, and expression of immune checkpoints. We further focus on emerging roles of autophagy induced by current treatments and its impact on anticancer immune response, and illustrate the pros and cons of utilizing autophagy in cancer immunotherapy based on preclinical references.
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