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Lin W, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lin B, Zhu M, Xu J, Chen Y, Wu W, Chen B, Chen X, Liu J, Wang H, Teng F, Yu X, Wang H, Lu J, Zhou Q, Teng L. Anti-PD-1/Her2 Bispecific Antibody IBI315 Enhances the Treatment Effect of Her2-Positive Gastric Cancer through Gasdermin B-Cleavage Induced Pyroptosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303908. [PMID: 37587833 PMCID: PMC10602533 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-positive gastric cancer develop refractory to Her2-targeted therapy, where upregulation of immune checkpoints plays an essential role. Herein, a recombinant fully human IgG1 bispecific antibody IBI315 targeting both PD-1 and Her2 is developed and its antitumor efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism is investigated. IBI315 crosslinks the physical interaction between Her2-positive tumor cells and PD-1-positive T cells, resulting in significantly enhanced antitumor effects compared to each parent antibody or their combination, both in vitro and in vivo mouse tumor models reconstituted with human immune cells using patient-derived xenografts and organoids. Moreover, IBI315 treatment also induces the recruitment and activation of immune cells in tumors. Mechanistically, IBI315 triggers gasdermin B (GSDMB)-mediated pyroptosis in tumor cells, leading to the activation and recruiments of T cells. The activated T cells secret IFNγ, enhancing GSDMB expression and establishing a positive feedback loop of T cell activation and tumor cell killing. Notably, GSDMB is found to be elevated in Her2-positive gastric cancer cells, providing a rationale for IBI315's efficacy. IBI315 is supported here as a promising bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy approach for Her2-positive gastric cancer in preclinical studies, broadening the therapeutic landscape of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lin
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China)The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCERHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Ben Lin
- College of MedicineJiaxing UniversityJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- Department of Drug DiscoveryInnovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co.SuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Department of Drug DiscoveryInnovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co.SuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - YiRan Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Drug DiscoveryInnovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co.SuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Department of Drug DiscoveryInnovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co.SuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Surgical Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCERHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009China
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Gu CL, Zhu HX, Deng L, Meng XQ, Li K, Xu W, Zhao L, Liu YQ, Zhu ZP, Huang HM. Bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting PD1 and HER2 inhibits tumor growth via direct tumor cell killing in combination with PD1/PDL1 blockade and HER2 inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:672-680. [PMID: 33990766 PMCID: PMC8888617 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown significant clinical benefit in multiple cancer indications, but many patients are either refractory or become resistant to the treatment over time. HER2/neu oncogene overexpressed in invasive breast cancer patients associates with more aggressive diseases and poor prognosis. Anti-HER2 mAbs, such as trastuzumab, are currently the standard of care for HER2-overexpressing cancers, but the response rates are below 30% and patients generally suffer relapse within a year. In this study we developed a bispecific antibody (BsAb) simultaneously targeting both PD1 and HER2 in an attempt to combine HER2-targeted therapy with immune checkpoint blockade for treating HER2-positive solid tumors. The BsAb was constructed by fusing scFvs (anti-PD1) with the effector-functional Fc of an IgG (trastuzumab) via a flexible peptide linker. We showed that the BsAb bound to human HER2 and PD1 with high affinities (EC50 values were 0.2 and 0.14 nM, respectively), and exhibited potent antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the BsAb exhibited both HER2 and PD1 blockade activities and was effective in killing HER2-positive tumor cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, the BsAb could crosslink HER2-positive tumor cells with T cells to form PD1 immunological synapses that directed tumor cell killing without the need of antigen presentation. Thus, the BsAb is a new promising approach for treating late-stage metastatic HER2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-ling Gu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hai-xia Zhu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Lan Deng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xiao-qing Meng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Kai Li
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Le Zhao
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yue-qin Liu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Zhen-ping Zhu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hao-min Huang
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Aschmoneit N, Kühl L, Seifert O, Kontermann RE. Fc-comprising scDb-based trivalent, bispecific T-cell engagers for selective killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells independent of cytokine release. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003616. [PMID: 34782429 PMCID: PMC8593740 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bispecific T-cell engagers are an established therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies but face several challenges when it comes to their application for the treatment of solid tumors, including on-target off-tumor adverse events. Employing an avidity-mediated specificity gain by introducing an additional binding moiety for the tumor-associated antigen can be achieved using formats with a 2+1 stoichiometry. Methods Besides biochemical characterization and validation of target cell binding to cancer cells with different HER3 expression, we used in vitro co-culture assays with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HER3-expressing target cells to determine T-cell activation, T-cell proliferation and PBMC-mediated cancer cell lysis of HER3-positive cell lines by the trivalent, bispecific antibodies. Results In this study, we developed trivalent, bispecific antibodies comprising a silenced Fc region for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, combining a bivalent single-chain diabody (scDb) fused to a first heterodimerizing Fc chain with either an Fab or scFv fused to a second heterodimerizing Fc chain. All these HER3-targeting T-cell engagers comprising two binding sites for HER3 and one binding site for CD3 mediated target cell killing. However, format and orientation of binding sites influenced efficacy of target cell binding, target cell-dependent T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated target cell killing. Beneficial effects were seen when the CD3 binding site was located in the scDb moiety. These molecules showed efficient killing of medium HER3-expressing cancer cells with very low induction of cytokine release, while sparing target cells with low or undetectable HER3 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that these trivalent, bispecific antibodies represent formats with superior interdomain spacing resulting in efficient target cell killing and a potential advantageous safety profile due to very low cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Aschmoneit
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lennart Kühl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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A scDb-based trivalent bispecific antibody for T-cell-mediated killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13880. [PMID: 34230555 PMCID: PMC8260734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the EGF receptor family and elevated expression is associated with cancer progression and therapy resistance. HER3-specific T-cell engagers might be a suitable treatment option to circumvent the limited efficacy observed for HER3-blocking antibodies in clinical trials. In this study, we developed bispecific antibodies for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, utilizing either a single-chain diabody format (scDb) with one binding site for HER3 and one for CD3 on T-cells or a trivalent bispecific scDb-scFv fusion protein exhibiting an additional binding site for HER3. The scDb-scFv showed increased binding to HER3-expressing cancer cell lines compared to the scDb and consequently more effective T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, the bivalent binding mode of the scDb-scFv for HER3 translated into more potent T-cell mediated cancer cell killing, and allowed to discriminate between moderate and low HER3-expressing target cells. Thus, our study demonstrated the applicability of HER3 for T-cell retargeting with bispecific antibodies, even at moderate expression levels, and the increased potency of an avidity-mediated specificity gain, potentially resulting in a wider safety window of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies targeting HER3.
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM. Recent Advances in the Molecular Design and Applications of Multispecific Biotherapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33808165 PMCID: PMC8103270 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein-based biotherapeutics drugs have transformed clinical pipelines of the biopharmaceutical industry since the launch of recombinant insulin nearly four decades ago. These biologic drugs are structurally more complex than small molecules, and yet share a similar principle for rational drug discovery and development: That is to start with a pre-defined target and follow with the functional modulation with a therapeutic agent. Despite these tremendous successes, this "one target one drug" paradigm has been challenged by complex disease mechanisms that involve multiple pathways and demand new therapeutic routes. A rapidly evolving wave of multispecific biotherapeutics is coming into focus. These new therapeutic drugs are able to engage two or more protein targets via distinct binding interfaces with or without the chemical conjugation to large or small molecules. They possess the potential to not only address disease intricacy but also exploit new therapeutic mechanisms and assess undruggable targets for conventional monospecific biologics. This review focuses on the recent advances in molecular design and applications of major classes of multispecific biotherapeutics drugs, which include immune cells engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, multispecific tetherbodies, biologic matchmakers, and small-scaffold multispecific modalities. Challenges posed by the multispecific biotherapeutics drugs and their future outlooks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- Department of BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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Dong F, Ghayur T. Recent advancements in DVD-Ig based therapeutic development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 34:1-7. [PMID: 33357765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Foundational Immunology, Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Cambridge Research Centre, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| | - Tariq Ghayur
- Foundational Immunology, Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Cambridge Research Centre, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
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Nie S, Wang Z, Moscoso-Castro M, D'Souza P, Lei C, Xu J, Gu J. Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics. Antib Ther 2020; 3:18-62. [PMID: 33928225 PMCID: PMC7990219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Nie
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | | | - Paul D'Souza
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Can Lei
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Jianqing Xu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | - Jijie Gu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
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8
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Dickopf S, Lauer ME, Ringler P, Spick C, Kern P, Brinkmann U. Highly flexible, IgG-shaped, trivalent antibodies effectively target tumor cells and induce T cell-mediated killing. Biol Chem 2019; 400:343-350. [PMID: 30763031 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel bispecific antibody format was applied to generate T cell-engaging antibodies. The TriFab format is a trivalent IgG-shaped entity composed of two Fab arms that bind to antigens on the surface of tumor cells, which are linked via flexible peptides to a CD3 binding moiety that replaces the CH2 domains of conventional IgGs. The distinctive feature of these T cell recruiting bispecifics is that their CD3 variable regions are incorporated between domains, rather than N- or C-terminally fused to an Fc or antibody fragments. T cell recruiting TriFabs resemble in size and shape, are expressed and show biophysical properties similar to regular IgGs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates high flexibility of the cell surface binding arms as well as target antigen accessibility of the interspersed CD3 binding domain. Functional co-culturing assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and different tumor cell lines (MCF7 and A431) revealed a dose-dependent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity that was induced by the TriFabs targeting either LeY or EGFR cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dickopf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Matthias E Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstraße 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics, Biozentrum University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Spick
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kern
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Strohl WR, Naso M. Bispecific T-Cell Redirection versus Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells as Approaches to Kill Cancer Cells. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E41. [PMID: 31544847 PMCID: PMC6784091 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts for T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (TRBAs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are both at least 30 years old but both platforms are just now coming into age. Two TRBAs and two CAR-T cell products have been approved by major regulatory agencies within the last ten years for the treatment of hematological cancers and an additional 53 TRBAs and 246 CAR cell constructs are in clinical trials today. Two major groups of TRBAs include small, short-half-life bispecific antibodies that include bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTE®s) which require continuous dosing and larger, mostly IgG-like bispecific antibodies with extended pharmacokinetics that can be dosed infrequently. Most CAR-T cells today are autologous, although significant strides are being made to develop off-the-shelf, allogeneic CAR-based products. CAR-Ts form a cytolytic synapse with target cells that is very different from the classical immune synapse both physically and mechanistically, whereas the TRBA-induced synapse is similar to the classic immune synapse. Both TRBAs and CAR-T cells are highly efficacious in clinical trials but both also present safety concerns, particularly with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. New formats and dosing paradigms for TRBAs and CAR-T cells are being developed in efforts to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, as well as to optimize use with both solid and hematologic tumors, both of which present significant challenges such as target heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Strohl
- BiStro Biotech Consulting, LLC, 1086 Tullo Farm Rd., Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
| | - Michael Naso
- Century Therapeutics, 3675 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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"Magic Bullets" at the center stage of immune therapy: a special issue on therapeutic antibodies. Protein Cell 2018; 9:1-2. [PMID: 29139027 PMCID: PMC5777979 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have moved from being an academic curiosity with therapeutic promise to reality, with two molecules being currently commercialized (Hemlibra® and Blincyto®) and many more in clinical trials. The success of bispecific antibodies is mainly due to the continuously growing number of mechanisms of actions (MOA) they enable that are not accessible to monoclonal antibodies. One of the earliest MOA of bispecific antibodies and currently the one with the largest number of clinical trials is the redirecting of the cytotoxic activity of T-cells for oncology applications, now extending its use in infective diseases. The use of bispecific antibodies for crossing the blood-brain barrier is another important application because of its potential to advance the therapeutic options for neurological diseases. Another noteworthy application due to its growing trend is enabling a more tissue-specific delivery or activity of antibodies. The different molecular solutions to the initial hurdles that limited the development of bispecific antibodies have led to the current diverse set of bispecific or multispecific antibody formats that can be grouped into three main categories: IgG-like formats, antibody fragment-based formats, or appended IgG formats. The expanded applications of bispecific antibodies come at the price of additional challenges for clinical development. The rising complexity in their structure may increase the risk of immunogenicity and the multiple antigen specificity complicates the selection of relevant species for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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