1
|
Vögele J, Hymon D, Martins J, Ferner J, Jonker HA, Hargrove A, Weigand J, Wacker A, Schwalbe H, Wöhnert J, Duchardt-Ferner E. High-resolution structure of stem-loop 4 from the 5'-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 solved by solution state NMR. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11318-11331. [PMID: 37791874 PMCID: PMC10639051 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the high-resolution structure of stem-loop 4 of the 5'-untranslated region (5_SL4) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome solved by solution state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 5_SL4 adopts an extended rod-like structure with a single flexible looped-out nucleotide and two mixed tandem mismatches, each composed of a G•U wobble base pair and a pyrimidine•pyrimidine mismatch, which are incorporated into the stem-loop structure. Both the tandem mismatches and the looped-out residue destabilize the stem-loop structure locally. Their distribution along the 5_SL4 stem-loop suggests a role of these non-canonical elements in retaining functionally important structural plasticity in particular with regard to the accessibility of the start codon of an upstream open reading frame located in the RNA's apical loop. The apical loop-although mostly flexible-harbors residual structural features suggesting an additional role in molecular recognition processes. 5_SL4 is highly conserved among the different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and can be targeted by small molecule ligands, which it binds with intermediate affinity in the vicinity of the non-canonical elements within the stem-loop structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vögele
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Daniel Hymon
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Jason Martins
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Jan Ferner
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Hendrik R A Jonker
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | | | - Julia E Weigand
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Wacker
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Jens Wöhnert
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Elke Duchardt-Ferner
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi W, Chen M, Pan T, Chen M, Cheng Y, Hao Y, Chen S, Tang Y. Integration of risk variants from GWAS with SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome prioritizes FUBP1 and RAB2A as risk genes for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19194. [PMID: 37932299 PMCID: PMC10628159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of host genetic factors in COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear despite various genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We annotate all significant variants and those variants in high LD (R2 > 0.8) from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative (HGI) and identify risk genes by recognizing genes intolerant nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and genes associated with cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) in non-coding regions. These genes are enriched in the immune response pathway and viral life cycle. It has been found that host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) participate in different phases of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. We collect 503 RBPs that interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA concluded from in vitro studies. Combining risk genes from the HGI with RBPs, we identify two COVID-19 risk loci that regulate the expression levels of FUBP1 and RAB2A in the lung. Due to the risk allele, COVID-19 patients show downregulation of FUBP1 and upregulation of RAB2A. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we show that FUBP1 and RAB2A are expressed in SARS-CoV-2-infected upper respiratory tract epithelial cells. We further identify NC_000001.11:g.77984833C>A and NC_000008.11:g.60559280T>C as functional variants by surveying allele-specific transcription factor sites and cis-regulatory elements and performing motif analysis. To sum up, our research, which associates human genetics with expression levels of RBPs, identifies FUBP1 and RAB2A as two risk genes for COVID-19 and reveals the anti-viral role of FUBP1 and the pro-viral role of RAB2A in the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology/Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology/Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology/Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, the First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, the First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Yimei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology/Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology/Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Host Response of Syrian Hamster to SARS-CoV-2 Infection including Differences with Humans and between Sexes. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020428. [PMID: 36851642 PMCID: PMC9960357 DOI: 10.3390/v15020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of having proper tools and models to study the pathophysiology of emerging infectious diseases to test therapeutic protocols, assess changes in viral phenotypes, and evaluate the effects of viral evolution. This study provided a comprehensive characterization of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection using different approaches (description of clinical signs, viral load, receptor profiling, and host immune response) and targeting four different organs (lungs, intestine, brain, and PBMCs). Our data showed that both male and female hamsters were susceptible to the infection and developed a disease similar to the one observed in patients with COVID-19 that included moderate to severe pulmonary lesions, inflammation, and recruitment of the immune system in the lungs and at the systemic level. However, all animals recovered within 14 days without developing the severe pathology seen in humans, and none of them died. We found faint evidence for intestinal and neurological tropism associated with the absence of lesions and a minimal host response in intestines and brains, which highlighted another crucial difference with the multiorgan impairment of severe COVID-19. When comparing male and female hamsters, we observed that males sustained higher viral RNA shedding and replication in the lungs, suffered from more severe symptoms and histopathological lesions, and triggered higher pulmonary inflammation. Overall, these data confirmed the Syrian hamster as a suitable model for mild to moderate COVID-19 and reflected sex-related differences in the response against the virus observed in humans.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao Y, Sun H, Chen Y, Tian L, Huang D, Liu C, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wen Z, Yang B, Chen X, Pei R. RBM24 inhibits the translation of SARS-CoV-2 polyproteins by targeting the 5'-untranslated region. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105478. [PMID: 36464077 PMCID: PMC9712144 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus with single-stranded positive-sense RNA, which is a serious global threat to human health. Understanding the molecular mechanism of viral replication is crucial for the development of antiviral drugs. The synthesis of viral polyproteins is a crucial step in viral progression. The synthesis of viral polyproteins in coronaviruses is regulated by the 5'-untranslated region (UTR); however, the detailed regulatory mechanism needs further investigation. The present study demonstrated that the RNA binding protein, RBM24, interacts with the RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 via its RNA recognition submotifs (RNPs). The findings revealed that RBM24 recognizes and binds to the GUGUG element at stem-loop 4 (SL4) in the 5'-UTR of SARS-CoV-2. The interaction between RBM24 and 5'-UTR prevents 80S ribosome assembly, which in turn inhibits polyproteins translation and the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, other RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus, rhinovirus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 also contain one or several G(U/C/A)GUG sequences in the 5'-UTR, which is also targeted by RBM24. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that RBM24 functions by interacting with the 5'-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and elucidated that RBM24 could be a host restriction factor for SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxuan Yao
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingqian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Canyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhe Wen
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,Corresponding author. Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Madhry D, Malvankar S, Phadnis S, Srivastava RK, Bhattacharyya S, Verma B. Synergistic correlation between host angiogenin and dengue virus replication. RNA Biol 2023; 20:805-816. [PMID: 37796112 PMCID: PMC10557563 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2264003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DENV infection poses a major health concern globally and the pathophysiology relies heavily on host-cellular machinery. Although virus replication relies heavily on the host, the mechanistic details of DENV-host interaction is not fully characterized yet. Here, we are focusing on characterizing the mechanistic basis of virus-induced stress on the host cell. Specifically, we aim to characterize the role of the stress modulator ribonuclease Angiogenin during DENV infection. Our results suggested that the levels of Angiogenin are up-regulated in DENV-infected cells and the levels increase proportionately with DENV replication. Our efforts to knockdown Angiogenin using siRNA were unsuccessful in DENV-infected cells but not in mock-infected control. To further investigate the modulation between DENV replication and Angiogenin, we treated Huh7 cells with Ivermectin prior to DENV infection. Our results suggest a significant reduction in DENV replication specifically at the later stages as a consequence of Ivermectin treatment. Interestingly, Angiogenin levels were also found to be decreased proportionately. Our results suggest that Angiogenin modulation during DENV infection is important for DENV replication and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Madhry
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Shivani Malvankar
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Sushant Phadnis
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Angulo J, Cáceres CJ, Contreras N, Fernández-García L, Chamond N, Ameur M, Sargueil B, López-Lastra M. Polypyrimidine-Tract-Binding Protein Isoforms Differentially Regulate the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site. Viruses 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 36680049 PMCID: PMC9864772 DOI: 10.3390/v15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) mRNA depends on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that encompasses most of the 5'UTR and includes nucleotides of the core coding region. This study shows that the polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein (PTB), an RNA-binding protein with four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), binds to the HCV 5'UTR, stimulating its IRES activity. There are three isoforms of PTB: PTB1, PTB2, and PTB4. Our results show that PTB1 and PTB4, but not PTB2, stimulate HCV IRES activity in HuH-7 and HEK293T cells. In HuH-7 cells, PTB1 promotes HCV IRES-mediated initiation more strongly than PTB4. Mutations in PTB1, PTB4, RRM1/RRM2, or RRM3/RRM4, which disrupt the RRM's ability to bind RNA, abrogated the protein's capacity to stimulate HCV IRES activity in HuH-7 cells. In HEK293T cells, PTB1 and PTB4 stimulate HCV IRES activity to similar levels. In HEK293T cells, mutations in RRM1/RRM2 did not impact PTB1's ability to promote HCV IRES activity; and mutations in PTB1 RRM3/RRM4 domains reduced, but did not abolish, the protein's capacity to stimulate HCV IRES activity. In HEK293T cells, mutations in PTB4 RRM1/RRM2 abrogated the protein's ability to promote HCV IRES activity, and mutations in RRM3/RRM4 have no impact on PTB4 ability to enhance HCV IRES activity. Therefore, PTB1 and PTB4 differentially stimulate the IRES activity in a cell type-specific manner. We conclude that PTB1 and PTB4, but not PTB2, act as IRES transacting factors of the HCV IRES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - C. Joaquín Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Leandro Fernández-García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Nathalie Chamond
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Melissa Ameur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Sargueil
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
RBM24 in the Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Cancer Progression: Anti-Tumor or Pro-Tumor Activity? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071843. [PMID: 35406615 PMCID: PMC8997389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RBM24 is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that plays critical roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression for initiating cell differentiation during embryonic development and for maintaining tissue homeostasis in adult life. Evidence is now accumulating that it is frequently dysregulated across human cancers. Importantly, RBM24 may act as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene in a context- or background-dependent manner. Its activity can be regulated by protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its function in tumor growth and metastasis remain elusive. Further investigation will be necessary to better understand how its post-transcriptional regulatory activity is controlled and how it is implicated in tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent findings on the implication of RBM24 in cancer and proposes future research directions to delve more deeply into the mechanisms underlying its tumor-suppressive function or oncogenic activity. Abstract RNA-binding proteins are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by modulating nearly every aspect of RNA metabolisms. Alterations in their expression and function disrupt tissue homeostasis and lead to the occurrence of various cancers. RBM24 is a highly conserved protein that binds to a large spectrum of target mRNAs and regulates many post-transcriptional events ranging from pre-mRNA splicing to mRNA stability, polyadenylation and translation. Studies using different animal models indicate that it plays an essential role in promoting cellular differentiation during organogenesis and tissue regeneration. Evidence is also accumulating that its dysregulation frequently occurs across human cancers. In several tissues, RBM24 clearly functions as a tumor suppressor, which is consistent with its inhibitory potential on cell proliferation. However, upregulation of RBM24 in other cancers appears to promote tumor growth. There is a possibility that RBM24 displays both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities, which may be regulated in part through differential interactions with its protein partners and by its post-translational modifications. This makes it a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The challenge remains to determine the post-transcriptional mechanisms by which RBM24 modulates gene expression and tumor progression in a context- or background-dependent manner. This review discusses recent findings on the potential function of RBM24 in tumorigenesis and provides future directions for better understanding its regulatory role in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Li W, Zhang C, Peng W, Xu Z. RBM24 is localized to stress granules in cells under various stress conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:96-101. [PMID: 35395551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are formed when untranslated messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) accumulate in cells under stress, and are thought to minimize stress-induced damage and promote cell survival. RBM24 (RNA-binding motif protein 24) is an RNA-binding protein that plays pivotal roles in regulating the stability or translation initiation of target mRNAs as well as alternative splicing of target pre-mRNAs. Its important physiological functions are highlighted by the fact that Rbm24 knockout mice or zebrafish suffer from dysfunction of heart, eye, and inner ear. Here we show that RBM24 is recruited into SGs under various stress conditions, suggesting that it might protect its target RNAs in cells under stress. However, SG formation is unaffected when Rbm24 expression is down-regulated. Nevertheless, RBM24 overexpression in cultured cells is sufficient to induce SG formation, suggesting that RBM24 might play an important role in SG formation. In conclusion, our present work reveals that RBM24 is a SG component, which implies that RBM24 could protect its target mRNAs in stressed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Cuiqiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Wu Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Cellular factors involved in the hepatitis C virus life cycle. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4555-4581. [PMID: 34366623 PMCID: PMC8326260 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), an obligatory intracellular pathogen, highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully. The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry, protein translation, RNA replication, viral assembly and release. Hundreds of cellular factors involved in the HCV life cycle have been identified over more than thirty years of research. Characterization of these cellular factors has provided extensive insight into HCV replication strategies. Some of these cellular factors are targets for anti-HCV therapies. In this review, we summarize the well-characterized and recently identified cellular factors functioning at each stage of the HCV life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song Y, Guo Y, Li X, Sun R, Zhu M, Shi J, Tan Z, Zhang L, Huang J. RBM39 Alters Phosphorylation of c-Jun and Binds to Viral RNA to Promote PRRSV Proliferation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664417. [PMID: 34079549 PMCID: PMC8165236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As transcriptional co-activator of AP-1/Jun, estrogen receptors and NF-κB, nuclear protein RBM39 also involves precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes sow reproductive disorders and piglet respiratory diseases, which resulted in serious economic losses worldwide. In this study, the up-regulated expression of RBM39 and down-regulated of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, TNFα, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6) were determined in PRRSV-infected 3D4/21 cells, and accompanied with the PRRSV proliferation. The roles of RBM39 altering phosphorylation of c-Jun to inhibit the AP-1 pathway to promote PRRSV proliferation were further verified. In addition, the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of RBM39 and c-Jun from the nucleus to cytoplasm was enhanced in PRRSV-infected cells. The three RRM domain of RBM39 are crucial to support the proliferation of PRRSV. Several PRRSV RNA (nsp4, nsp5, nsp7, nsp10-12, M and N) binding with RBM39 were determined, which may also contribute to the PRRSV proliferation. Our results revealed a complex mechanism of RBM39 by altering c-Jun phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic translocation, and regulating binding of RBM39 with viral RNA to prompt PRRSV proliferation. The results provide new viewpoints to understand the immune escape mechanism of PRRSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Hepatitis C Viral Replication Complex. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030520. [PMID: 33809897 PMCID: PMC8004249 DOI: 10.3390/v13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be divided into several stages, including viral entry, protein translation, RNA replication, viral assembly, and release. HCV genomic RNA replication occurs in the replication organelles (RO) and is tightly linked to ER membrane alterations containing replication complexes (proteins NS3 to NS5B). The amplification of HCV genomic RNA could be regulated by the RO biogenesis, the viral RNA structure (i.e., cis-acting replication elements), and both viral and cellular proteins. Studies on HCV replication have led to the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting the replication complex. This review article summarizes the viral and cellular factors involved in regulating HCV genomic RNA replication and the DAAs that inhibit HCV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2322)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang SL, Mo JL, Peng J, Lei L, Yin JY, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ, Hong WX. Targeting translation regulators improves cancer therapy. Genomics 2020; 113:1247-1256. [PMID: 33189778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of protein synthesis may be involved in multiple aspects of cancer, such as gene expression, signal transduction and drive specific cell biological responses, resulting in promoting cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Study the molecular mechanisms about translational control may help us to find more effective anti-cancer drugs and develop novel therapeutic opportunities. Recently, the researchers had focused on targeting translational machinery to overcome cancer, and various small molecular inhibitors targeting translation factors or pathways have been tested in clinical trials and exhibited improving outcomes in several cancer types. There is no doubt that an insight into the class of translation regulation protein would provide new target for pharmacologic intervention and further provide opportunities to develop novel anti-tumor therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarized the developments of translational control in cancer survival and progression et al, and highlighted the therapeutic approach targeted translation regulation to overcome the cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Long Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jun-Luan Mo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Lin Lei
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grifone R, Shao M, Saquet A, Shi DL. RNA-Binding Protein Rbm24 as a Multifaceted Post-Transcriptional Regulator of Embryonic Lineage Differentiation and Cellular Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 9:E1891. [PMID: 32806768 PMCID: PMC7463526 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins control the metabolism of RNAs at all stages of their lifetime. They are critically required for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Rbm24 is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that displays strongly regionalized expression patterns and exhibits dynamic changes in subcellular localization during early development. There is increasing evidence that it acts as a multifunctional regulator to switch cell fate determination and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysfunction of Rbm24 disrupts cell differentiation in nearly every tissue where it is expressed, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles, and different head sensory organs, but the molecular events that are affected may vary in a tissue-specific, or even a stage-specific manner. Recent works using different animal models have uncovered multiple post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms by which Rbm24 functions in key developmental processes. In particular, it represents a major splicing factor in muscle cell development, and plays an essential role in cytoplasmic polyadenylation during lens fiber cell terminal differentiation. Here we review the advances in understanding the implication of Rbm24 during development and disease, by focusing on its regulatory roles in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Grifone
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS-UMR7622, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ming Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Audrey Saquet
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS-UMR7622, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - De-Li Shi
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS-UMR7622, IBPS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.G.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Torkamanian-Afshar M, Lanjanian H, Nematzadeh S, Tabarzad M, Najafi A, Kiani F, Masoudi-Nejad A. RPINBASE: An online toolbox to extract features for predicting RNA-protein interactions. Genomics 2020; 112:2623-2632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Hepatitis C Virus Translation Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072328. [PMID: 32230899 PMCID: PMC7178104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome is regulated by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), located in the 5’-untranslated region (5′UTR) and part of the core protein coding sequence, and by the 3′UTR. The 5′UTR has some highly conserved structural regions, while others can assume different conformations. The IRES can bind to the ribosomal 40S subunit with high affinity without any other factors. Nevertheless, IRES activity is modulated by additional cis sequences in the viral genome, including the 3′UTR and the cis-acting replication element (CRE). Canonical translation initiation factors (eIFs) are involved in HCV translation initiation, including eIF3, eIF2, eIF1A, eIF5, and eIF5B. Alternatively, under stress conditions and limited eIF2-Met-tRNAiMet availability, alternative initiation factors such as eIF2D, eIF2A, and eIF5B can substitute for eIF2 to allow HCV translation even when cellular mRNA translation is downregulated. In addition, several IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) modulate IRES activity by building large networks of RNA-protein and protein–protein interactions, also connecting 5′- and 3′-ends of the viral RNA. Moreover, some ITAFs can act as RNA chaperones that help to position the viral AUG start codon in the ribosomal 40S subunit entry channel. Finally, the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) stimulates HCV IRES-dependent translation, most likely by stabilizing a certain structure of the IRES that is required for initiation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sam68 Promotes Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Interaction with Stem-Loop 2 of Viral 5' Untranslated Region. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00693-19. [PMID: 31068419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00693-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src-associated in mitosis 68-kDa (Sam68) protein is a highly conserved nuclear protein and is involved in a series of cellular processes, including transcription and signal transduction. Sam68 is comprised of 443 amino acids and contains an RGG box domain, a KH domain, and a tyrosine-rich domain. Its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is unknown. Here, we find that Sam68 promotes HCV replication without affecting viral translation. The RNA immunoprecipitation experiments show that the positive strand of HCV RNA interacts with Sam68. HCV infection triggers the translocation of the Sam68 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with the HCV genome. Further study shows that the region of Sam68 spanning amino acids 1 to 157 is the pivotal domain to interact with the stem-loop 2 of the HCV 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and is responsible for the enhancement of HCV replication. These data suggested that Sam68 may serve as a proviral factor of HCV to facilitate viral replication through interaction with the viral genome.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, and its infection causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. No vaccine is available. Many host factors may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HCV-related diseases. This study discloses a new host factor that binds to the HCV 5' UTR and promotes HCV replication. Sam68 may play an important role in HCV-related diseases, and further investigation is highly encouraged to explore its specific actions in HCV pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
17
|
RNA-Binding Motif Protein 24 (RBM24) Is Involved in Pregenomic RNA Packaging by Mediating Interaction between Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase and the Epsilon Element. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02161-18. [PMID: 30626666 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02161-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsidation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is a crucial step in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Binding by viral polymerase (Pol) to the epsilon stem-loop (ε) on the 5'-terminal region (TR) of pgRNA is required for pgRNA packaging. However, the detailed mechanism is not well understood. RNA-binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) inhibits core translation by binding to the 5'-TR of pgRNA. Here, we demonstrate that RBM24 is also involved in pgRNA packaging. RBM24 directly binds to the lower bulge of ε via RNA recognition submotifs (RNPs). RBM24 also interacts with Pol in an RNA-independent manner. The alanine-rich domain (ARD) of RBM24 and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of Pol are essential for binding between RBM24 and Pol. In addition, overexpression of RBM24 increases Pol-ε interaction, whereas RBM24 knockdown decreases the interaction. RBM24 was able to rescue binding between ε and mutant Pol lacking ε-binding activity, further showing that RBM24 mediates the interaction between Pol and ε by forming a Pol-RBM24-ε complex. Finally, RBM24 significantly promotes the packaging efficiency of pgRNA. In conclusion, RBM24 mediates Pol-ε interaction and formation of a Pol-RBM24-ε complex, which inhibits translation of pgRNA and results in pgRNA packing into capsids/virions for reverse transcription and DNA synthesis.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen, and HBV infection is a major global health burden. Chronic HBV infection is associated with the development of liver diseases, including fulminant hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A currently approved vaccine can prevent HBV infection, and medications are able to reduce viral loads and prevent liver disease progression. However, current treatments rarely achieve a cure for chronic infection. Thus, it is important to gain insight into the mechanisms of HBV replication. In this study, we found that the host factor RBM24 is involved in pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) packaging and regulates HBV replication. These findings highlight a potential target for antiviral therapeutics of HBV infection.
Collapse
|
18
|
RBM24 stabilizes hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA but inhibits core protein translation by targeting the terminal redundancy sequence. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:86. [PMID: 29760415 PMCID: PMC5951808 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The terminal redundancy (TR) sequence of the 3.5-kb hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA contains sites that govern many crucial functions in the viral life cycle, including polyadenylation, translation, RNA packaging, and DNA synthesis. In the present study, RNA-binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) is shown to be involved in the modulation of HBV replication by targeting the TR of HBV RNA. In HBV-transfected hepatoma cell lines, both knockdown and overexpression of RBM24 led to decreased HBV replication and transcription. Ectopic expression of RBM24 inhibited HBV replication, which was partly restored by knockdown of RBM24, indicating that a proper level of RBM24 was required for HBV replication. The regulation of RBM24 of HBV replication and translation was achieved by the interaction between the RNA-binding domains of RBM24 and both the 5′ and 3′ TR of 3.5-kb RNA. RBM24 interacted with the 5′ TR of HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) to block 80S ribosome assembly on HBV pgRNA and thus inhibited core protein translation, whereas the interaction between RBM24 and the 3′ TR enhanced the stability of HBV RNA. Finally, the regulatory function of RBM24 on HBV replication was further confirmed in a HBV infection model. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the dual functions of RBM24 by interacting with different TRs of viral RNA and reveals that RBM24 is an important host gene for HBV replication.
Collapse
|