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Galarza DA, Jaramillo J, Amón N, Campoverde B, Aguirre B, Taboada J, Samaniego X, Duma M. Effect of resveratrol supplementation in conventional slow and ultra-rapid freezing media on the quality and fertility of bull sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 266:107495. [PMID: 38796865 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of resveratrol (RES) on bull sperm cryopreservation employing conventional slow (CS) and ultra-rapid (UR) freezing methods on sperm quality and in vitro fertility. Twenty-four ejaculates from four bulls were divided into four groups based on the cryopreservation method and RES addition: CS-RES (n = 80), CS-Co (n = 80), UR-RES (n = 24), and UR-Co (n = 24). The CS freezing involved exposing sperm straws with 5% glycerol to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapors, while UR freezing submerged sperm drops with 100 mM sucrose directly into LN2. Overall, sperm kinematic parameters and integrity of plasma and acrosome membranes significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after cryopreservation. Post-thaw values of motilities (total [TM] and progressive [PSM]), velocities (curvilinear and straight-line), beat cross frequency (BCF), and sperm with intact plasma membrane/intact acrosome (PI-/PNA-) were higher (P < 0.05) with CS-RES and CS-Co treatments compared to UR-RES and UR-Co treatments. CS-RES treatment resulted in greater percentages (P < 0.05) of TM, PSM, PI-/PNA-, and fertility (blastocyst rate) than their control, CS-Co; while UR-RES showed higher BCF values (P < 0.05) than its control, UR-Co. Additionally, UR-RES treatment exhibited lower oxidative stress percentages than UR-Co (P < 0.05). This study presents the following conclusions: (1) the CS freezing resulted in better cryosurvival of bull sperm than UR freezing; (2) the RES supplementation to CS freezing medium improved sperm motility, membrane integrity, and fertility; and (3) despite low cryosurvival sperm and fertility, the RES addition to ultra-rapid freezing medium reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Galarza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador; Centro Latinoamericano de Formación de Especies Mayores y Menores, CLAFEM, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Jennifer Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Nicole Amón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Byron Campoverde
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Brian Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Juan Taboada
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Samaniego
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Duma
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador
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Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay A. From oxidative imbalance to compromised standard sperm parameters: Toxicological aspect of phthalate esters on spermatozoa. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104085. [PMID: 36841271 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exponential rise in global male infertility and subfertility-related issues raises severe concern. One of the major contributors is phthalate esters, typical endocrine disruptors affecting millions of lives. The inevitable exposure to phthalates due to their universal application as plasticizers leaves the human population vulnerable to this silent threat. This review explicitly deals with the spermiotoxic effects of different phthalate esters on in vivo and in vitro models and on surveyed human populations to find the most plausible link between global usage of phthalates and poor sperm health. As the free radicals in spermatozoa are prerequisites for their standard structure and functioning, the precise regulation and phthalate-mediated impairment of pro-oxidant:anti-oxidant balance with subsequent loss of structural and functional integrity have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, we also provided future directives, which, if addressed, will fill the still-existing lacunae in phthalate-mediated male reproductive toxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Govt College Dhimarkheda (Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya), Katni, Madhya Pradesh 483332, India.
| | - Arindam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India.
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Upadhyay VR, Ramesh V, Dewry RK, Yadav DK, Ponraj P. Bimodal interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in physiology and pathophysiology of bovine sperm function. Theriogenology 2022; 187:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liman MS, Hassen A, McGaw LJ, Sutovsky P, Holm DE. Potential Use of Tannin Extracts as Additives in Semen Destined for Cryopreservation: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1130. [PMID: 35565556 PMCID: PMC9101357 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation and storage of semen for artificial insemination (AI) result in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This leads to a shortened life span and reduced motility of spermatozoa post-thawing, with consequent impairment of their function. However, certain levels of ROS are essential to facilitate the capacitation of spermatozoa required for successful fertilisation. Tannins, as well-known antioxidant compounds, may act as ROS binders/acceptors/scavengers to inhibit the damaging effects of ROS. This review comprises an analysis of the semen cryopreservation protocol and health functions of tannins, as well as the effects of ROS on fresh and cryopreserved semen's longevity and fertilisation. Additionally, we surveyed available evidence of the effects of tannin extract feed supplementation on male fertility. We furthermore interrogated existing theories on tannin use as a potential additive to semen extenders, its relationship with semen quality, and to what degree existing theories have been investigated to develop testable new hypotheses. Emphasis was placed on the effects of tannins on ROS, their involvement in regulating sperm structure and function during cryopreservation, and on post-thaw sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilising ability. The diverse effects of tannins on the reproductive system as a result of their potential metal ion chelation, protein precipitation, and biological antioxidant abilities have been identified. The current data are the first to support the further investigation of the incorporation of tannin-rich plant extracts into semen extenders to enhance the post-thaw survival, motility, and fertilising ability of cryopreserved spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Liman
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
- Niger State Livestock and Fisheries Institute, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Minna 920001, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA;
| | - Dietmar E. Holm
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
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Mendes S, Sá R, Magalhães M, Marques F, Sousa M, Silva E. The Role of ROS as a Double-Edged Sword in (In)Fertility: The Impact of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061585. [PMID: 35326736 PMCID: PMC8946252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor cells are highly resistant to oxidative stress, but beyond a certain threshold, it may lead to apoptosis/necrosis. Thus, induced loss of redox balance can be a strategy used in anticancer therapies. However, the effectiveness of drugs contrasts with unknown mechanisms involved in the loss of fertility. Considering that cancer patients’ life expectancy is increasing, it raises concerns about the unknown adverse effects. Therefore, new strategies should be pursued alongside explaining to the patients their options regarding the reproduction side effects. Abstract Tumor cells are highly resistant to oxidative stress resulting from the imbalance between high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and insufficient antioxidant defenses. However, when intracellular levels of ROS rise beyond a certain threshold, largely above cancer cells’ capacity to reduce it, they may ultimately lead to apoptosis or necrosis. This is, in fact, one of the molecular mechanisms of anticancer drugs, as most chemotherapeutic treatments alter redox homeostasis by further elevation of intracellular ROS levels or inhibition of antioxidant pathways. In traditional chemotherapy, it is widely accepted that most therapeutic effects are due to ROS-mediated cell damage, but in targeted therapies, ROS-mediated effects are mostly unknown and data are still emerging. The increasing effectiveness of anticancer treatments has raised new challenges, especially in the field of reproduction. With cancer patients’ life expectancy increasing, many aiming to become parents will be confronted with the adverse effects of treatments. Consequently, concerns about the impact of anticancer therapies on reproductive capacity are of particular interest. In this review, we begin with a short introduction on anticancer therapies, then address ROS physiological/pathophysiological roles in both male and female reproductive systems, and finish with ROS-mediated adverse effects of anticancer treatments in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mendes
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosália Sá
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (M.S.)
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Magalhães
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center of Porto (CHUP), Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Franklim Marques
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center of Porto (CHUP), Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (M.S.)
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Riaz M, Khan BT, Ijaz MU. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) addition as an antioxidant in a cryo-diluent media improves microscopic parameters, and fertility potential, and alleviates oxidative stress parameters of buffalo spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2020; 97:101-109. [PMID: 33010294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The disparity between the endogenous antioxidants concentration and free radicals in spermatozoa results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this prospect, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) preserves vigorous antioxidant features. Current study explored the influence of EGCG in a cryo-diluent media on microscopic parameters, oxidative stress parameters, and fertility potential of buffalo spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Concisely, collected semen from three donor bulls for four times were then evaluated for volume, motility, concentrations and then dilution in a cryo-diluent media with different concentrations of EGCG (EGCG-0 = control; EGCG-50 = 50 μM, EGCG-100 = 100 μM, EGCG-200 = 200 μM, and EGCG-300 = 300 μM) at 37 °C, cooled to 4 °C in 2 h, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °C, and cryopreserved. At post-thawing, Computer-Assisted Sperm motion Analysis motilities (total and progressive, %) and rapid velocity (%), plasma membrane functionality, supravital plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial potential (%) were found higher (P < 0.05) in EGCG-200, and EGCG-300 than control, whereas average-path, straight-line, and curved-linear velocities (μm/sec), and acrosome integrity (%) were recorded higher in EGCG-300 than control. Further, comet length (μm), and tail length (μm), LPO (lipid peroxidation, μM/mL), and apoptosis-like changes (%) in spermatozoa were significantly decreased in EGCG-300 than control. Seminal plasma antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase, U/mL, and superoxide dismutase, U/mL) were increased with EGCG-300 than control. Moreover, EGCG-300 addition in a cryo-diluent media improves the fertility potential (%) of buffalo spermatozoa. In a nutshell, the inclusion of EGCG-300 in a cryo-diluent media enhances post-thaw microscopic parameters, and fertility potential, whereas decreases oxidative stress parameters in buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Women University, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Tarin Khan
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Panner Selvam MK, Agarwal A, Henkel R, Finelli R, Robert KA, Iovine C, Baskaran S. The effect of oxidative and reductive stress on semen parameters and functions of physiologically normal human spermatozoa. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:375-385. [PMID: 32165282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both oxidative stress (OS) and reductive stress (RS) are the two extreme facets of redox imbalance that can have deleterious effects on sperm function. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological range of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OS and RS on functions and associated molecular changes in normal spermatozoa in order to establish the physiological range of ORP. In the current study, total and progressive motility remained unchanged in spermatozoa exposed to ORP values 0.33 and 0.72 mV/106 sperm/mL. However, a significant (P < 0.05) decline in total and progressive motility were observed at ORP values 1.48, 2.75, -11.24, -9.76 and -9.35 mV/106 sperm/mL. Sperm vitality also decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) at 2.75, -11.24 and -9.76 mV/106 sperm/mL. Spermatozoa exposed to ORP levels 2.75 and -11.24 mV/106 sperm/mL showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production increased (P < 0.05) in spermatozoa exposed to ORP levels of 1.48 and 2.75 mV/106 sperm/mL, while iROS decreased (P < 0.05) at ORP levels -9.76 and -11.24 mV/106 sperm/mL. No significant change in sperm DNA fragmentation was noted in sperm exposed to OS/RS and the values were below the reference range (<19.25%). Western blot analysis revealed decreased expression of CV-ATPA, CIII-UQCRC2 and CIV-MTCO1 proteins at 60 and 120 min (P < 0.05) in both OS and RS conditions. This is the first study to report physiological range of ORP (between -9.76 and 1.48 mV/106 sperm/mL) and to elucidate the role of altered expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes proteins in mediating detrimental effects of oxidative and reductive conditions on sperm functions. A decreased expression of OXPHOS proteins and associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to decreased sperm motility and vitality under oxidative and reductive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathy Amy Robert
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Concetta Iovine
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Ullah H, Ullah F, Salman MM. The addition of resveratrol in tris citric acid extender ameliorates post-thaw quality parameters, antioxidant enzymes levels, and fertilizing capability of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2020; 152:106-113. [PMID: 32388038 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural grape-derived polyphenol with potent antioxidant properties that protect spermatozoa against lipid peroxidation (LPO) by eradicating free radicals. The objectives of this study were to 1) appraise the effects of resveratrol in extender on post-thaw quality parameters, antioxidant enzymes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), DNA fragmentation, LPO and 2) fertilizing capability of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Semen was collected from four fertility proven bulls with artificial vagina thrice, evaluated initially, and diluted in five different extenders containing resveratrol (T4 = 100 μM, T3 = 50 μM, T2 = 20 μM, T1 = 10 μM), and control (no resveratrol), and evaluated after post-dilution and post-thawing stage of cryopreservation. Analysis of variance revealed that, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in any parameters due to treatments at post-dilution. However, at post-thawing, sperm progressive motility (%), plasma membrane integrity (%), mitochondrial membrane potential (%) and ATP levels (nmol/106) were found higher in semen samples cryopreserved in T3 and 4 than control. Sperm supravital plasma membrane integrity (%) and viable/acrosome integrity were found higher in semen samples cryopreserved in T4 than control and T1. Furthermore, sperm catalase (U/mL), glutathione peroxidase (μM) and superoxide dismutase (U/mL) concentrations were found significantly higher in resveratrol treated groups as compared to the control. Conversely, DNA fragmentation (%) and LPO (μM/mL) were significantly (P > 0.05) decreased in semen samples cryopreserved in T4 in comparison to the control. Fertilizing capability was found higher in semen samples cryopreserved in T4 as compared to the control (%, 77.33 vs. 57.41, P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of resveratrol in extender ameliorates quality parameters, antioxidant enzymes levels and fertilizing capability, and alleviate DNA fragmentation and LPO in buffalo spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Salman
- College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Baskaran S, Finelli R, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Reactive oxygen species in male reproduction: A boon or a bane? Andrologia 2020; 53:e13577. [PMID: 32271474 DOI: 10.1111/and.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen during normal cellular metabolism. ROS play a crucial role in the physiological processes and signalling pathways associated with male fertility. At physiological concentrations, ROS act as molecular mediators of signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. They also trigger the morphological changes required for sperm maturation, such as DNA compaction and flagellar modification. Furthermore, ROS modulate crucial processes involved in the attainment of sperm fertilising ability such as capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. Conversely, oxidative stress prevails when the concentration of ROS overwhelms the body's antioxidant defence. Various endogenous and exogenous factors enhance the synthesis of ROS resulting in the disruption of structural and functional integrity of spermatozoa through the induction of apoptotic pathway and oxidation of molecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Therefore, maintenance of a balanced redox state is critical for normal male reproductive functions. This article discusses the dual role of ROS in male reproduction, highlighting the physiological role as well as their pathological implications on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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