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Kumar S, Agnihotri N. Piperlongumine targets NF-κB and its downstream signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth and metastatic potential in experimental colon cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1765-1781. [PMID: 33433833 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is the principle transcription factor and plays the central role in orchestrating chronic inflammation by regulating levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Piperlongumine (PL), a major alkaloid in the fruit of Piper longum Linn. has gained worldwide attention for its anticancer properties, however, its mechanism of action in the chemoprevention of colon cancer has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of PL in preventing DMH/DSS induced experimental colon cancer in mice. In the current study well established DMH/DSS induced experimental colon cancer mouse model was used to demonstrate the chemopreventive potential of PL. The expression of NF-κB and its downstream target proteins was evaluated mainly through western blotting. In addition, CAM assay, immunohistochemical staining and gelatin zymography was used to show anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive potential of PL. Additionally, important tumor biomarkers such as TSA, LASA, LDH and IL-6 levels were also estimated. The results of current study showed that PL was capable to inhibit NF-κB activation as well as its nuclear translocation. PL administration to DMH/DSS treated mice also inhibited the NF-κB downstream signaling cascades such as including COX-2 pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, β-catenin, Notch signaling pathway, angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway. The findings of the present study have claimed PL as promising chemopreventive agent for colon cancer with pleiotropic action. The current study emphasizes that regular consumption of PL can be an effective approach in the prevention of colon cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science, Block-II, Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Block J, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science, Block-II, Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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Negi AK, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Fish oil augments celecoxib mediated alteration in apoptotic pathway in the initiation phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:9-16. [PMID: 27044806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance in apoptosis by disruption in signaling pathways is a common trait in malignancy. Celecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, has been reported to exert chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis. However, high doses or chronic usage of celecoxib for longer periods have various side effects. n-3 PUFA rich fish oil also abrogates COX-2 expression in tumors and thereby, has chemopreventive action. Combinatorial strategy using these two has been reported to be beneficial in mammary carcinoma. The present study was designed to understand the role of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in chemopreventive effect of celecoxib and fish oil in the initial phases of mammary carcinogenesis. METHODS Female Wistar rats were distributed into control and DMBA treated groups and further subdivided based on pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil. The animals were subsequently maintained for 90 days and then sacrificed. The proteins involved in intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were assessed in isolated mammary epithelial cells using flowcytometry. RESULTS An increase in Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, FasL and caspase 8 levels was observed in DMBA treated animals. Celecoxib and/or fish oil further upregulate Bax, Fas, Fas L and caspase-8 while Bcl-2 levels were decreased. However maximal effect was observed with combinatorial dose of celecoxib and fish oil regimen. CONCLUSION Administration of a combinatorial therapy of fish oil and celecoxib in mammary carcinoma exert better chemopreventive effect by modulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Negi AK, Renuka, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Celecoxib and fish oil: a combination strategy for decreased inflammatory mediators in early stages of experimental mammary cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:11-22. [PMID: 26749133 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been directly linked to cancer progression. Therefore, current study was designed to understand the mechanism of action of chemo-preventive effect of celecoxib and fish oil on inflammatory mediators in experimental mammary carcinoma. Female Wistar rats were distributed into control and DMBA treated groups and further subdivided based on pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil. Inflammation was measured by assessing expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines. The results indicated an elevation in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) in DMBA group as compared to controls. On pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil in DMBA treated animals, a significant reduction in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels was observed. The decrease was more pronounced with combinatorial regimen than either celecoxib or fish oil alone. To conclude, a combinatorial strategy of celecoxib and fish oil may generate an immune response against the tumor cell by altering cytokine repertoire and decrease the tendency of tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Kumari Negi
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Negi AK, Kansal S, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Alteration in apoptosis and cell cycle by celecoxib and/or fish oil in 7,12-dimethyl benzene (α) anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3753-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Tulubas F, Gurel A, Oran M, Topcu B, Caglar V, Uygur E. The protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:638-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713483203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Control group was given only saline by intragastric gavage. DOX group received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. DOX-ω-3 FA group was given as ω-3 FAs at the dose of 400 mg/kg daily by intragastric gavage for 30 days and received DOX at the dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 28. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, the serum, liver and kidney tissue specimens were taken from the animals by giving a general anesthesia. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and GSH and MDA levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver and kidney tissues were measured spectrophotometrically. In our study, a significant increase in MDA levels was observed in rats when given a dose of DOX and a significant decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues was determined when compared with control group. In addition, a significant decrease in MDA levels was observed in rats when a dose of ω-3 FAs was given with DOX and a significant increase was determined in the levels of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum, liver and kidney tissues, when compared with DOX group. We concluded that ω-3 FA had favorable effects in rat liver and kidney tissues by preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feti Tulubas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Birol Topcu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Veli Caglar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Emine Uygur
- School of Health Services, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey KA, Xu Z, Bammerlin EM, Walker C, Altenburg JD. Docosahexaenoic acid: a natural powerful adjuvant that improves efficacy for anticancer treatment with no adverse effects. Biofactors 2011; 37:399-412. [PMID: 22038684 DOI: 10.1002/biof.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked fish oil consumption to a decreased incidence of cancer. The anticancer effects of fish oil are mostly attributed to its content of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, DHA, because of its unique effect of altering membrane composition, is often regarded as the major omega-3 fatty acid involved in anticancer activity. Although use of DHA as an anticancer drug to prevent or treat human cancer in clinical settings has not yet been well established, recent studies suggest that DHA can be very effective as an adjuvant with other anticancer agents. In this article, we present studies that show the role of DHA in improving anticancer drug efficacy. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that combining DHA with other anticancer agents often improves efficacy of anticancer drugs and also reduces therapy-associated side effects. Incorporation of DHA in cellular membranes improves drug uptake, whereas increased lipid peroxidation is another mechanism for DHA-mediated enhanced efficacy of anticancer drugs. In addition, several intracellular targets including cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AKT, and BCL-2/BAX are found to play an important role in DHA-mediated additive or synergistic interaction with anticancer drugs. The data suggest that DHA is a safe, natural compound that can greatly improve the anticancer properties of anticancer drugs. Use of DHA with anticancer treatments provides an avenue to therapeutic improvement that involves less risk or side effects for patients and reduced regulatory burden for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids enhance free radical generation and lipid peroxidation to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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