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Prieto-Fernández L, Montoro-Jiménez I, de Luxan-Delgado B, Otero-Rosales M, Rodrigo JP, Calvo F, García-Pedrero JM, Álvarez-Teijeiro S. Dissecting the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts to therapeutically target head and neck cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114502. [PMID: 37002578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a diverse group of aggressive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality, leading to almost half-million deaths annually worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular processes governing tumor formation and progression is crucial to improve current diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as to develop more personalized treatment strategies. Tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous structures in which growth and dissemination is not only governed by the cancer cells intrinsic mechanisms, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerge as predominant TME components and key players in the generation of permissive conditions that ultimately impact in tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. Although CAFs were initially considered a consequence of tumor development, it is now well established that they actively contribute to numerous cancer hallmarks i.e., tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, cancer cell stemness, angiogenesis, metabolic reprograming, inflammation, and immune system modulation. In this scenario, therapeutic strategies targeting CAF functions could potentially have a major impact in cancer therapeutics, providing avenues for new treatment options or for improving efficacy in established approaches. This review is focused on thoroughly dissecting existing evidences supporting the contribution of CAFs in HNC biology with an emphasis on current knowledge of the key molecules and pathways involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effectively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit. involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effec- tively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Luxan-Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Shi X, Yang J, Deng S, Xu H, Wu D, Zeng Q, Wang S, Hu T, Wu F, Zhou H. TGF-β signaling in the tumor metabolic microenvironment and targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:135. [PMID: 36115986 PMCID: PMC9482317 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in the late stages of cancer. Once cancer cells are generated, TGF-β signaling is responsible for the orchestration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and supports cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. These progressive behaviors are driven by an “engine” of the metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Recent studies have revealed that TGF-β signaling regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and is a metabolic driver in the tumor metabolic microenvironment (TMME). Intriguingly, TGF-β ligands act as an “endocrine” cytokine and influence host metabolism. Therefore, having insight into the role of TGF-β signaling in the TMME is instrumental for acknowledging its wide range of effects and designing new cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we try to illustrate the concise definition of TMME based on the published literature. Then, we review the metabolic reprogramming in the TMME and elaborate on the contribution of TGF-β to metabolic rewiring at the cellular (intracellular), tissular (intercellular), and organismal (cancer-host) levels. Furthermore, we propose three potential applications of targeting TGF-β-dependent mechanism reprogramming, paving the way for TGF-β-related antitumor therapy from the perspective of metabolism.
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Heft Neal ME, Brenner JC, Prince MEP, Chinn SB. Advancement in Cancer Stem Cell Biology and Precision Medicine-Review Article Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:660210. [PMID: 35047489 PMCID: PMC8762309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck cancer survival has continued to remain around 50% despite treatment advances. It is thought that cancer stem cells play a key role in promoting tumor heterogeneity, treatment resistance, metastasis, and recurrence in solid malignancies including head and neck cancer. Initial studies identified cancer stem cell markers including CD44 and ALDH in head and neck malignancies and found that these cells show aggressive features in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recent evidence has now revealed a key role of the tumor microenvironment in maintaining a cancer stem cell niche and promoting cancer stem cell plasticity. There is an increasing focus on identifying and targeting the crosstalk between cancer stem cells and surrounding cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as new therapeutic potential, however understanding how CSC maintain a stem-like state is critical to understanding how to therapeutically alter their function. Here we review the current evidence for cancer stem cell plasticity and discuss how interactions with the TME promote the cancer stem cell niche, increase tumor heterogeneity, and play a role in treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mark E P Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Prieto-García E, Díaz-García CV, Agudo-López A, Pardo-Marqués V, García-Consuegra I, Asensio-Peña S, Alonso-Riaño M, Pérez C, Gómez C, Adeva J, Paz-Ares L, López-Martín JA, Agulló-Ortuño MT. Tumor-Stromal Interactions in a Co-Culture Model of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells and Fibroblasts and Their Connection with Tumor Spread. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040364. [PMID: 33807441 PMCID: PMC8065458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One key feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dense desmoplastic reaction that has been recognized as playing important roles in metastasis and therapeutic resistance. We aim to study tumor-stromal interactions in an in vitro coculture model between human PDAC cells (Capan-1 or PL-45) and fibroblasts (LC5). Confocal immunofluorescence, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of activation markers; cytokines arrays were performed to identify secretome profiles associated with migratory and invasive properties of tumor cells; extracellular vesicle production was examined by ELISA and transmission electron microscopy. Coculture conditions increased FGF-7 secretion and α-SMA expression, characterized by fibroblast activation and decreased epithelial marker E-cadherin in tumor cells. Interestingly, tumor cells and fibroblasts migrate together, with tumor cells in forming a center surrounded by fibroblasts, maximizing the contact between cells. We show a different mechanism for tumor spread through a cooperative migration between tumor cells and activated fibroblasts. Furthermore, IL-6 levels change significantly in coculture conditions, and this could affect the invasive and migratory capacities of cells. Targeting the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment might represent a novel therapeutic approach to advanced PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prieto-García
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - C. Vanesa Díaz-García
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Alba Agudo-López
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Virginia Pardo-Marqués
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERER), U723, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Asensio-Peña
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.)
- Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Mitochondrial &Neuromuscular Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Alonso-Riaño
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jorge Adeva
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía (UCM), Av. de Séneca, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López-Martín
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, (UCLM), Av. de Carlos III, S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhang M, Shi R, Guo Z, He J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote cell growth by activating ERK5/PD-L1 signaling axis in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152884. [PMID: 32199628 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diseases, accounting for about 10 % cancer-related deaths. Previous studies have found that caner-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are closely related to the occurrence and metastasis of CRC, but the detailed mechanism is not precise. METHODS Tumor cells and fibroblasts were co-cultured with a transwell system. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to test the ability of cell proliferation. The flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western Blot was performed to assess protein expression levels. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression levels. ERK5-IN-1 was used to inhibit the autophosphorylation of ERK5. RESULTS CAFs promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in CRC cells. CAFs promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5 and the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Activated ERK5 promotes cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in CRC cells. The expression levels of ERK5 correlated with the expression of PD-L1 in CRC cells. CAFs promote cell growth by activating the ERK5/PD-L1 signaling axis in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS CAFs significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in CRC cells, which features are dependent on regulating the ERK5/PD-L1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ran Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhongying Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jingdong He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Shang A, Zhou C, Bian G, Chen W, Lu W, Wang W, Li D. miR-381-3p restrains cervical cancer progression by downregulating FGF7. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:778-789. [PMID: 30161290 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism of miR-381-3p in cervical cancer progression, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with cervical cancer. The expression of miR-381-3p was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Microarray analysis was conducted to screen out differentially expressed genes, and the target gene of microRNA (miRNA) was predicted on TargetScan. Dual-luciferase reporter assay then verified the targeting relationship between miR-381-3p and FGF7. The protein expression of FGF7 was examined via Western blot assay. Colony formation assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, while flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. The influence of miR-381-3p and FGF7 on cell migration and invasion was confirmed by transwell migration/invasion assay. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-381-3p was lowly expressed, while FGF7 was highly expressed in cervical cancer cells. There was a direct target relationship and a negative correlation between miR-381-3p and FGF7. miR-381-3p could downregulate FGF7 expression, inhibiting cell proliferation and metastasis, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganxia Bian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Wenying Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China.,Department of Pathology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jafari B, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Alizadeh AA, Sharifi M, Dastmalchi S. An Alignment-Independent 3D-QSAR Study of FGFR2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:409-418. [PMID: 29071223 PMCID: PMC5651062 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors are widely used pharmaceuticals in cancer therapy. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are members of RTK superfamily which are highly expressed on the surface of carcinoma associate fibroblasts (CAFs). The involvement of FGFRs in different types of cancer makes them promising target in cancer therapy and hence, the identification of novel FGFR inhibitors is of great interest. In the current study we aimed to develop an alignment independent three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model for a set of 26 FGFR2 kinase inhibitors allowing the prediction of activity and identification of important structural features for these inhibitors. Methods: Pentacle software was used to calculate grid independent descriptors (GRIND) for the active conformers generated by docking followed by the selection of significant variables using fractional factorial design (FFD). The partial least squares (PLS) model generated based on the remaining descriptors was assessed by internal and external validation methods. Results: Six variables were identified as the most important probes-interacting descriptors with high impact on the biological activity of the compounds. Internal and external validations were lead to good statistical parameters (r2 values of 0.93 and 0.665, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that the model has good predictive power and may be used for designing novel FGFR2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharifi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tao L, Huang G, Song H, Chen Y, Chen L. Cancer associated fibroblasts: An essential role in the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2611-2620. [PMID: 28927027 PMCID: PMC5588104 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor stroma are well recognized as having an indispensable role in carcinogenesis, including in the initiation of epithelial tumor formation. The association between cancer cells and fibroblasts has been highlighted in several previous studies. Regulation factors released from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) into the tumor microenvironment have essential roles, including the support of tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy resistance. A mutual interaction between tumor-induced fibroblast activation, and fibroblast-induced tumor proliferation and metastasis occurs, thus CAFs act as tumor supporters. Previous studies have reported that by developing fibroblast-targeting drugs, it may be possible to interrupt the interaction between fibroblasts and the tumor, thus resulting in the suppression of tumor growth, and metastasis. The present review focused on the reciprocal feedback loop between fibroblasts and cancer cells, and evaluated the potential application of anti-CAF agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Jafari B, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Dastmalchi S. Identification of Novel Single-Domain Antibodies against FGF7 Using Phage Display Technology. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:193-201. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555217728520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins. FGF7 is of stromal origin and produces a paracrine effect on epithelial cells. In the current investigation, we aimed to identify new single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) against FGF7 using phage display technology. The vector harboring the codon-optimized DNA sequence for FGF7 protein was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS, and then the protein was expressed at the optimized condition. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, and in vitro scratch assay experiments were used to confirm the proper folding and functionality of the purified FGF7 protein. The purity of the produced FGF7 was 92%, with production yield of 3.5 mg/L of culture. Panning against the purified FGF7 was performed, and the identified single-domain antibodies showed significant affinity. Further investigation on one of the selected sdAb displaying phage clones showed concentration-dependent binding to FGF7. The selected sdAb can be used for developing novel tumor-suppressing agents where inhibition of FGF7 is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tumor necrosis factor α induces myofibroblast differentiation in human tongue cancer and promotes invasiveness and angiogenesis via secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1095-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Han Y, Zhang Y, Jia T, Sun Y. Molecular mechanism underlying the tumor-promoting functions of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1385-94. [PMID: 25680413 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is composed of all the untransformed elements in the vicinity of tumor, mainly including a large number of stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins, which play an active role in most solid tumor initiation and progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the most common stromal cell types in the tumor microenvironment, have been demonstrated to be involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, they are becoming a promising target for anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we firstly summarize the current understandings of CAFs' molecular biology, including the heterogeneous cellular origins and molecular markers, and then, we focus on reviewing their various tumor-promoting phenotypes involved in complex mechanisms, which can be summarized to the CAF-conveyed paracrine signals in tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and metastasis-initiating cancer cells, as well as the CAF-enhanced extrinsic tumor-promoting processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor-related inflammation; finally, we describe the available directions of CAF-based target therapy and suggest research areas which need to be further explored so as to deepen the understanding of tumor evolution and provide new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China,
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Tong L, Bi J, Zhu X, Wang G, Liu J, Rong L, Wang Q, Xu N, Zhong M, Zhu D, Song Y, Bai C. Keratinocyte growth factor-2 is protective in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 201:7-14. [PMID: 24973472 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) plays a key role in lung development, but its role in acute lung injury has not been well characterized. Lipopolysaccharide instillation caused acute lung injury, which significantly elevated lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, protein and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inhibited surfactant protein A and C expression in lung tissue, and increased pathological injury. Pretreatment with KGF-2 improved the above lung injury parameters, partially restored surfactant protein A and C expression, and KGF-2 given 2-3 days before LPS challenge showed maximum lung injury improvement. Pretreatment with KGF-2 also markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, MIP-2, IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in lung tissue. Histological analysis showed there was increased proliferation of alveolar type II epithelial cells in lung parenchyma, which reached maximal 2 days after KGF-2 instillation. Intratracheal administration of KGF-2 attenuates lung injury induced by LPS, suggesting KGF-2 may be potent in the intervention of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Linyi Rong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Duming Zhu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China; Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China.
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Zhou B, Chen WL, Wang YY, Lin ZY, Zhang DM, Fan S, Li JS. A role for cancer-associated fibroblasts in inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:585-92. [PMID: 24645915 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymph node metastasis is a prominent clinical feature of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play an important role in tumor progression, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of CAFs in promoting the invasion of TSCC through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of matched CAF and normal fibroblast (NF) pairs were assessed for cell morphology and for the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1), fibroblast-activating protein (FAP), vimentin, and cytokeratin (CK) markers. Transwell assays, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the role of CAFs, as compared to that of NFs, in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in TSCC. RESULTS Both CAF and NF primary cultures expressed vimentin but not CK. CAFs showed significantly higher α-SMA protein levels, SDF1 secretion, and mRNA levels of α-SMA, SDF1, and FAP. We also found that co-culture with CAFs enhanced the proliferation and invasion of SCC9 cells. Moreover, co-culture with CAFs induced upregulation of the EMT markers fibronectin and vimentin, downregulation of E-cadherin, and enhanced invasion in SCC9 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CAFs induce EMT marker expression and functional changes in TSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Curry JM, Sprandio J, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Bar-ad V, Pribitkin E, Tuluc M. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:217-34. [PMID: 24787294 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other supporting cells. Genetic changes in the carcinoma cells, such as alterations to TP53, NOTCH1, and specific gene expression profiles, contribute to derangements in cancer and microenvironment cells such as increased ROS, overproduction of cytokines, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs are among the most critical elements of the TME contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The adaptive immune response is suppressed in HNSCC through overexpression of cytokines, triggered apoptosis of T cells, and alterations in antigen processing machinery. Overexpression of critical cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), contributes to EMT, immune suppression, and evolution of CAFs. Inflammation and hypoxia are driving forces in angiogenesis and altered metabolism. HNSCC utilizes glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to fuel tumorigenesis via coupled mechanisms between cancer cell regions and cells of the TME. Increased understanding of the TME in HNSCC illustrates that the long-held notion of "condemned mucosa" reflects a process that extends beyond the epithelial cells to the entire tissue comprised of each of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John Sprandio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Voichita Bar-ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Wheeler SE, Shi H, Lin F, Dasari S, Bednash J, Thorne S, Watkins S, Joshi R, Thomas SM. Enhancement of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by tumor-associated fibroblasts in preclinical models. Head Neck 2013; 36:385-92. [PMID: 23728942 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has had little improvement in mortality rates in decades. A clearer understanding of the HNSCC tumor microenvironment will aid in finding more effective targeted therapies for this disease. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are the largest stromal cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in HNSCC. METHODS We isolated TAFs from clinical HNSCC cases and propagated in vitro. The effects of TAF-secreted paracrine factors on in vitro HNSCC migration, invasion, and proliferation was assessed. The effect of TAFs on HNSCC growth and metastases was determined in an orthotopic floor-of-the-mouth tumor model. RESULTS TAF-conditioned media increased HNSCC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. TAFs increased HNSCC tumor growth and metastases in vivo. CONCLUSION TAFs play a major role in increasing tumor growth and metastasis in HNSCC. Targeting the tumor stroma may be important to reduce the rate of HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elizabeth Wheeler
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Biological characteristics and genetic heterogeneity between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and their paired normal fibroblasts in human breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60321. [PMID: 23577100 PMCID: PMC3618271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extensional signals in cross-talk between stromal cells and tumor cells generated from extracellular matrix molecules, soluble factor, and cell-cell adhesion complexes cooperate at the extra- and intracellular level in the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are the primary type of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. Hitherto, there is hardly any systematic analysis of the intrinsic relationship between CAFs function and its abnormal signaling pathway. The extreme complexity of CAFs’ features and their role in tumor development are needed to be further investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings We primary cultured CAFs and NFs from early stages of breast cancer tissue and identified them using their biomarker by immunohistochemistry for Fibronectin, α-SMA and FAP. Microarray was applied to analyze gene expression profiles of human breast CAFs and the paired NFs. The Up-regulated genes classified by Gene Ontology, signal pathways enriched by DAVID pathway analysis. Abnormal signaling pathways in breast cancer CAFs are involved in cell cycle, cell adhesion, signal transduction and protein transport being reported in CAFs derived from other tumors. Significantly, the altered ATM signaling pathway, a set of cell cycle regulated signaling, and immune associated signaling are identified to be changed in CAFs. Conclusions/Significance CAFs have the vigorous ability of proliferation and potential of invasion and migration comparing with NFs. CAFs could promote breast cancer cell invasion under co-culture conditions through up-regulated CCL18 and CXCL12. Consistently with its biologic behavior, the gene expression profiling analyzed by microarray shows that some of key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, cell adhesion, and secreting factors play an important role in CAFs. The altered ATM signaling pathway is abnormally active in the early stage of breast cancer. The set of immune associated signaling may be involved in tumor cell immune evasion.
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Leef G, Thomas SM. Molecular communication between tumor-associated fibroblasts and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:381-6. [PMID: 23357526 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, it has become increasingly clear that the lethality of cancers depends on more than the malignant cells themselves. The environment those malignant cells are exposed to is just as important a determinant of their behavior. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is both common and deadly. It is the 6th most frequently occurring cancers, and prognosis is still generally poor. Recent evidence indicates that activated fibroblasts residing within the tumor stroma play a significant role in promoting the aggressive spread often seen in head and neck cancer. Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) have also been implicated in facilitating angiogenesis and suppressing the normal anti-tumor function of immune cells. Studying the signaling molecules involved in these processes will facilitate the development of promising targets and inhibitors to prevent tumor-associated fibroblasts from exerting their reinforcing effects on the tumor. In this article, we review the recent literature on the signals used in tumor associated fibroblast communication, with a focus on potential therapeutic targets. Further, we highlight the lead candidates for TAF-targeted therapeutic interventions. Future anti-cancer strategies may achieve better results than current approaches by targeting the support cells in tumor stroma in addition to the cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Leef
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, USA
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MSC and Tumors: Homing, Differentiation, and Secretion Influence Therapeutic Potential. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:209-66. [PMID: 22990585 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are adult multipotent progenitors with fibroblast-like morphology able to differentiate into adipocytic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages. Due to these properties, MSC have been studied and introduced as therapeutics in regenerative medicine. Preliminary studies have also shown a possible involvement of MSC as precursors of cellular elements within tumor microenvironments, in particular tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF). Among a number of different possible origins, TAF may originate from a pool of circulating progenitors from bone marrow or adipose tissue-derived MSC. There is growing evidence to corroborate that cells immunophenotypically defined as MSC are able to reside as TAF influencing the tumor microenvironment in a potentially bi-phasic and obscure manner: either promoting or inhibiting growth depending on tumor context and MSC sources. Here we focus on relationships between the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells, and MSC, analyzing their diverse ability to influence neoplastic development. Associated activities include MSC homing driven by the secretion of various mediators, differentiation towards TAF phenotypes, and reciprocal interactions with the tumor cells. These are reviewed here with the aim of understanding the biological functions of MSC that can be exploited for innovative cancer therapy.
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