Genetic association of CHEK2, GSTP1, and ERCC1 with glioblastoma in the Han Chinese population

CHEK2 Alterations in Pediatric Malignancy: A Single-Institution Experience

Background: Approximately 10% of pediatric malignancies are secondary to germline alterations in cancer-predisposing genes. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) germline loss-of-function variants have been reported in pediatric cancer patients, but clinical phenotypes and outcomes are poorly described. We present our single-institution experience of pediatric oncology patients with CHEK2 germline alterations, including clinical presentations and outcomes. Methods: Pediatric oncology patients with CHEK2 germline alterations were identified among those assessed by clinical or translational research at the Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. A chart review of disease course was conducted on identified patients. Results: We identified 6 patients with germline CHEK2 variants from a cohort of 300 individuals, including 1 patient with concurrent presentation of Burkitt lymphoma and neuroblastoma, 3 patients with brain tumors, 1 patient with Ewing sarcoma, and 1 patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Three patients had a family history of malignancies. Four patients were in remission; one was undergoing treatment; one patient had developed treatment-related meningiomas. We review prior data regarding CHEK2 variants in this population, challenges associated with variant interpretation, and genetic counseling for individuals with CHEK2 variants. Conclusions: CHEK2 germline loss-of-function alterations occur in patients with a variety of pediatric tumors. Larger multicenter studies will improve our understanding of the incidence, phenotype, and molecular biology of CHEK2 germline variants in pediatric cancers.

ERCC2 rs13181 Polymorphism Association with Glioma Risk: an Update Meta-Analysis

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumour which accounts for about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumours, and approximately 70% of adult malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have been performed to assess the relationship between ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and the risk of glioma development, yet these findings of these studies are often inconsistent and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the role of ERCC2 rs13181 in glioma developing. In this work, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. In order to collect the results of relevant studies on the association of ERCC2 rs13181 gene polymorphism with glioma, we initially searched the Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, without a lower time limit, and until June 2020. In order to analyse the eligible studies, the random effects model was used and the heterogeneity of the studies was investigated with the I 2 index. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2). The total number of studies that focused on patients with glioma was 10. The odds ratio of GG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.08 (0.85-1.37: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TT genotype by 0.08. The odds ratio of GG + TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.22 (1.38-1.7: 95% confidence interval) based on meta-analysis, which indicates the increasing effect of GG + TG vs TT genotype as 0.22. The odds ratio of TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.2 (0.38-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which shows the increasing effect of TG vs TT genotype by 0.2. The odds ratio of G vs T genotype in patients with glioma based on the meta-analysis was 1.15 (1.26-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of G vs T genotype by 0.15. The odds ratio of GG vs TG + TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.22 (1.33-1.45: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TG + TT genotype by 0.22. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and its genotypes are an important risk factor for genetic susceptibility to glioma tumour.

Contribution of CYP24A1 variants in coronary heart disease among the Chinese population

Background

Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) participate in the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contributions of CYP24A1 variants to coronary heart disease (CHD) among the Chinese Han population.

Methods

This study included 505 CHD cases and 508 controls. Four variants of CYP24A1 (rs2762934, rs1570669, rs6068816 and rs2296241) were chosen and genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY system among the Chinese population. The linkage between CYP24A1 variants and CHD risk were assessed by logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Then, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was applied to analyze the interactions of CYP24A1 variants.

Results

The results of this study showed that CYP24A1 rs6068816 significantly enhanced CHD risk in multiple genetic models (allele: P = 0.014; codominant: P = 0.015; dominant: P = 0.043; recessive: P = 0.040; additive: P = 0.013), whereas rs2296241 was likely to protect individuals from CHD (codominant: P = 0.019; recessive: P = 0.013; additive: P = 0.033). Stratification analysis revealed that CYP24A1 polymorphisms had strong relationships with CHD risk that were dependent on age, sex, Gensini grade and smoking status (P <  0.05). Moreover, a four-locus model (rs2762934, rs1570669, rs6068816 and rs2296241) had significant impact on CHD risk in MDR analysis.

Conclusion

It revealed that CYP24A1 variants were significantly linked with CHD susceptibility in the Chinese population.

Glutathione S-transferase genes variants and glioma risk: A case-control and meta-analysis study

Background: The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that metabolize carcinogenic compounds, and their variants, GSTP1 (Ile105Val and Ala114Val), GSTT1 (null/present), and GSTM1 (null/present), reduce enzyme activity that may affect the risk of developing cerebral glioma. This study undertook a case-control study and a meta-analysis to evaluate associations between these GST gene variants and the risk of glioma. Methods: The study enrolled 384 glioma patients (194 men and 190 women; mean age, 48.3 ± 9.2 years) and 340 healthy controls (174 men and 166 women; mean age, 46.5 ± 9.8 years). The amplification refractory mutation system assay was performed to identify GST gene variants of all 724 subjects. A meta-analysis enrolled 15 studies (including our case-control results) was performed. Results: Our case-control study found that the frequency of GSTP1 Ile105Val Val/Val genotype was significantly higher in the glioma group than that in the healthy controls (11.7% vs. 6.4%) (OR=1.50; 95% CI=1.05-2.04; P=0.01); the frequency of the Val/Ile + Ile/Ile genotypes was different from glioma patients and controls (88.3% vs. 93.6%) (OR=1.47(1.04-2.10); P=0.015); there were no associations between GSTP1 Ala114Val, GSTT1 (null/present) and GSTM1 (null/present) variants and glioma risk. Our meta-analysis confirmed that the GSTP1 Ile105Val variant was associated with an overall increased glioma risk. Moreover, our meta-analysis also confirmed the GSTP1 Ala114Val and GSTT1 null/present variants were associated with an increased glioma risk in the Caucasian population, rather than the Asian population. Conclusions: This study showed that GST gene variants were associated with an increased risk of glioma with ethnic differences. Future large-scale, multi center, controlled, prospective studies are required to support these findings and to determine how these GST gene variants may affect the pathogenesis of glioma.

Genetics of Glioblastoma in Moroccan population: Review of literature

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant type of central nervous system tumors. The literature review revealed that the most common genetic abnormalities in primary and secondary glioblastomas are IDH1 / 2 mutations, p53 mutations, and overexpression of EGFR. To our knowledge, this is the first Moroccan study to provide a global picture of genetic studies performed on Moroccan patients to describe genetic markers and their frequency in our population. An in-depth research in ScienceDirect and Pubmed on glioblastoma articles treated in Morocco, this research is based on the following keywords: glioblastoma in Morocco, primary glioblastoma in Morocco, secondary glioblastoma in Morocco. We found only three research articles on genomic alteration of IDH1 / 2, p53 and EGFR expression. The frequency of these gene mutations in our population was similar to those reported from other populations. Additional molecular studies need to be performed on other genes to describe other genetic markers in the Moroccan population.

Association between common polymorphisms in ERCC gene and glioma risk: A meta-analysis of 15 studies

BACKGROUND

A number of studies have investigated the roles of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2, and ERCC5 genes polymorphisms in the development of glioma; however, the results were inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between 6 polymorphisms in the ERCC genes (rs3212986, rs11615, rs13181, rs1799793, rs238406, rs17655) and glioma risk.

METHODS

The PubMed, Embase, and Web of science were searched up to September 6, 2016, for studies on the association between ERCC polymorphisms and glioma risk. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios based on the results from the heterogeneity tests. Sensitivity and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

A total of 15 studies were eligible for the pooled analysis, conducted in 2 populations of ethnic descent: 8 Europeans and 7 Asians. The results showed that ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism was positively associated with glioma [AA vs CC: odds ratio (OR) = 1.298, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.043-1.230, P = .025]. Association of the ERCC2 rs13181 and rs1799793 polymorphisms was only observed in Asians (CC vs AA for rs13181: OR = 1.539, 95% CI = 1.122-2.109, P = .007; AA vs GG for rs1799793: OR = 1.474, 95% CI = 1.090-1.994, P = .012). However, no association was observed between glioma risk and ERCC1 rs11615, ERCC2 rs238406, and ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphisms. Moreover, sensitivity and cumulative meta-analyses confirmed the stability of the results.

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis indicated that the ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism and 2 polymorphisms in ERCC2 gene (rs13181 and rs1799793) contributed to the susceptibility of glioma.

Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Gene and Susceptibility to Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on 33 Studies with 15 SNPs in 9 Genes

At present, many publications have evaluated the correlation between the DNA repair gene polymorphisms and glioma susceptibility. However, the results remain inconclusive. The aim of this research is to exhaustively assess the association of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes with glioma risk in human. Meta-analysis method was conducted, and 33 studies with 15 SNPs in 9 genes were included (12553 glioma cases and 17178 controls). Correlation strength was evaluated by odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval. Rs1799782 T allele and rs25487A allele might bring about higher risk of glioma in Asian population. Rs1805377 G allele was an increased risk genetic factor of glioma. Asian carried with rs3212986 A allele was more likely to have glioma. Rs1800067 G allele was a risk factor of developing glioma. Carriers with rs12917 CC genotype in MGMT gene had higher risk of glioma in Caucasian than other non-CC genotype carriers. Carriers with rs1136410 T allele in PARP1 gene could more likely to develop glioma in Caucasian. This meta-analysis suggests that glioma susceptibility is associated with rs1799782 and rs25487 of X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 (XRCC1), rs1805377 of XRCC4, rs1800067 of excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency complementation group 4 (ERCC4) and rs3212986 of ERCC1 in Asian population, and rs12917 of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and rs1136410 of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in Caucasian population.

Effect of CDKN2A/B rs4977756 polymorphism on glioma risk: a meta-analysis of 16 studies including 24077 participants

So far, epidemiological studies have been performed to investigate the association of CDKN2A/B rs4977756 polymorphism and glioma risk. However, the results from different studies remain inconsistent. To clarify these conflicts and to quantitatively evaluate the effect of rs4977756 polymorphism on glioma risk, a meta-analysis was conducted using relevant published clinical studies about rs4977756 polymorphisms and glioma risk. Relevant studies concerning the association between rs4977756 polymorphism and risk of glioma were included in this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated under fixed or random effects models when appropriate. Subgroup analyses were performed by race. This meta-analysis included 13 studies with a total of 8129 cases and 15,858 controls. The pooled results showed that there was an obvious association of CDKN2A/B rs4977756 polymorphism with risk of glioma in all four comparison models (dominant model/AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.36, 95 %CI = 1.20-1.54, p < 0.01; heterozygote comparison/AG vs. AA: OR = 1.31, 95 %CI = 1.12-1.53, p < 0.01; homozygote comparison/GG versus AA: OR = 1.49, 95 %CI = 1.36-1.64, p < 0.01; additive model/G vs. A: OR = 1.23, 95 %CI = 1.18-1.28, p < 0.01, respectively). For the subgroup analyses of ethnicities, similar results were observed in Caucasians. However, the association was not found between rs4977756 polymorphism and the risk of glioma in all models for the Asian studies. The CDKN2A/B rs4977756 polymorphism is obvious increase the risk of glioma in Caucasians. Future studies are needed to confirm the results in other ethnic populations.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Influence ERCC Polymorphisms Confer on the Development of Brain Tumors

Within DNA repair genes, there lie a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms that may impair protein function and attenuate DNA repair capability, resulting in genomic instability and individual predisposition to malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the previously reported inconsistent association of polymorphisms in ERCC1 (rs11615, rs3212986), ERCC2 (rs13181, rs1799793, rs238406), and ERCC5 (rs17655) with the development of brain tumors. In the present work, we carried out a comprehensive meta-analysis of results from all published data (5 data sets for rs11615, 7 for rs3212986, 11 for rs13181, 5 for rs1799793, 3 for rs238406, and 4 for rs17655) to evaluate risk of brain tumors contributed by the polymorphisms being investigated. Either the analytic method described by Mantel and Haenszel or that proposed by DerSimonian and Laird was properly used to summarize the risk estimates (OR and 95% CI). Data analyses were done with Stata version 12.0. Meta-analyses were performed for all polymorphisms, and only rs3212986 in the ERCC1 gene showed a significant association with glioma incidence. In the homozygote comparison, we found 1.26-fold elevated risk of glioma in relation to presence of the AA genotype (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05-1.52, P OR = 0.013, P heterogeneity = 0.849, I(2) = 0.0%). We also noted that individuals with the rs3212986-AA as compared to those with rs3212986-CC/CA had a 28% higher risk to develop glioma (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.53, P OR = 0.008, Pheterogeneity = 0.808, I(2) = 0.0%). No major effects were observed for Caucasians or Asians in subgroup analysis by ethnicity. ERCC1 rs3212986 is a common single nucleotide polymorphism and may contribute toward individual susceptibility for glioma. Further research in this filed is required to verify the association obtained based on a relatively small number.

Genetic Contribution of Polymorphisms in Glutathione S-Transferases to Brain Tumor Risk

Existing data have shown a major effect of glutathione S-transferase (GST) single-nucleotide polymorphisms on activities of detoxification-related enzymes, and it is the functional importance that leads to extensive research on the association of GST polymorphisms with the risk of developing brain tumor. Previously reported associations, nevertheless, remain inconsistent. This study aimed to reevaluate the association with new information from recent research articles. We weekly searched multiple databases, aiming to cover all studies looking at the associations being examined in this work. Eligibility of studies was evaluated based on predesigned inclusion criteria. To assess the association of GST polymorphisms with brain tumor risk, we calculated genotypic ORs by comparing the number of genotypes between cases and controls. We also detected interstudy heterogeneity, publication bias, and single studies' influence. A total of 13 research articles were identified through databases and hand search. We found significantly elevated risk of brain tumor associated with GSTT1 null status in individuals of European ethnicity (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12-1.92). In the analysis of GSTP1 I105V, we observed that Val/Val genotype compared to the Ile/Ile genotype was more prone to a reduced brain tumor risk (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.93). Such major effects were similarly seen for GSTP1 A114V (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29 for Val/Val + Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala). When data were limited to glioma, we found a significant elevation associated with the combination of Val/Val and Ala/Val genotypes (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.37). However, no clear association was detected between other polymorphisms investigated and glioma. These statistical data suggest that some of the polymorphisms at GST loci are possibly associated with the genetic risk of brain tumor.

Association of ERCC1 rs3212986 & ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms with the risk of glioma

Objective:: Several previous studies have reported the role variant of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms in the risk of glioma, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the role of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 on the risk of glioma.

Methods: A comprehensive research was conducted through the databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) platforms until June 1, 2014, including 14 eligible case-control studies.

Results: Our meta-analysis found that ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of glioma compared with CC genotype, and the pooled OR (95%CI) was 1.29(1.07-1.55). By subgroup analysis, ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was found to be significantly correlated with increased glioma risk in Chinese population (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.07, 1.55), Similarly, we found that ERCC2 rs13181 GT and TT genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of glioma in Chinese population, with ORs(95%CI) of 1.47(1.17-1.85) and 1.50(1.02-2.22). But ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms had no significant association with glioma risk in Caucasian populations. By begg’s funnel plot, we found that no publication bias was existed in this meta-analysis.

Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggested that ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism play an important risk factor for brain tumor development in Chinese population, but no association in Caucasian populations.

Differential expression and clinical significance of glioblastoma mRNA expression profiles in Uyghur and Han patients in Xinjiang province

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in glioblastoma RNA gene expression profiles between Uyghur and Han patients in Xinjiang province and to screen and compare differentially expressed genes with respect to their clinical significance in the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma and their relationship to disease prognosis.

Material/Methods

Illumina HT-12mRNA expression profiles microarray was employed to measure the gene expression profiles of 6 patients with advanced glioma and to screen for differentially expressed genes.

Results

GO and KEGG analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes using Web Gestalt software (P<0.05). Comparison of glioblastoma RNA expression profiles in the Uyghur and Han patients indicated that 1475 genes were significantly differentially expressed, of which 669 showed increased expression, while 807 showed decreased expression. One gene (STRC) corresponded to 2 transcripts, 1 of which showed increased expression and the other showed decreased expression. The differentially expressed genes participate in metabolic processes, biological regulation, stress response, and multi-cellular organic processes, including small GTPase regulatory signaling pathways, Ras signaling pathway, neuronal reactive protein regulation, and myelination of the central nervous system. The genes are also involved in tumor-related signaling pathways, including metabolic pathways, cancer pathways, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway, and mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Differentially expressed genes were screened by studying the gene expression profiles in glioblastoma from Uyghur and Han patients. The cellular function and location of these genes were further investigated. Based on related molecular markers of glioblastoma, the differences in the mechanism of initiation and development of glioblastoma between Uyghur and Han patients were investigated for polygenic interactions.