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Yin J, Ren P. New advances in the treatment of chondrosarcoma under the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:522-530. [PMID: 38687921 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2269_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bone sarcomas encompass a group of spontaneous mesenchymal malignancies, among which osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma are the most common subtypes. Chondrosarcoma, a relatively prevalent malignant bone tumor that originates from chondrocytes, is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. Despite the use of aggressive treatment approaches involving extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, limited improvements in patient outcomes have been observed. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been observed in chondrosarcoma and chordoma cases. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches for bone sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma, need to be uncovered. Recently, the emergence of immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has garnered attention given their clinical success in various diverse types of cancer, thereby prompting investigations into their potential for managing chondrosarcoma. Considering that circumvention of immune surveillance is considered a key factor in the malignant progression of tumors and that immune checkpoints play an important role in modulating antitumor immune effects, blockers or inhibitors targeting these immune checkpoints have become effective therapeutic tools for patients with tumors. One such checkpoint receptor implicated in this process is programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). The association between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cancer progression in humans has been extensively studied, highlighting their remarkable potential as biomarkers for cancer treatment. This review comprehensively examines available studies on current chondrosarcoma treatments and advancements in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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2
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Xi X, Lei F, Gao K, Li J, Liu R, Karpf AR, Bronich TK. Ligand-installed polymeric nanocarriers for combination chemotherapy of EGFR-positive ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2023; 360:872-887. [PMID: 37478915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapeutic drugs administered via a single nanocarrier for cancer treatment provides benefits in reducing dose-limiting toxicities, improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the cargo and achieving spatial-temporal synchronization of drug exposure for maximized synergistic therapeutic effects. In an attempt to develop such a multi-drug carrier, our work focuses on functional multimodal polypeptide-based polymeric nanogels (NGs). Diblock copolymers poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGlu) modified with phenylalanine (Phe) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Self-assembly behavior of the resulting polymers was utilized for the synthesis of NGs with hydrophobic domains in cross-linked polyion cores coated with inert PEG chains. The resulting NGs were small (ca. 70 nm in diameter) and were able to encapsulate the combination of drugs with different physicochemical properties such as cisplatin and neratinib. Drug combination-loaded NGs exerted a selective synergistic cytotoxicity towards EGFR overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, we developed ligand-installed EGFR-targeted NGs and tested them as an EGFR-overexpressing tumor-specific delivery system. Both in vitro and in vivo, ligand-installed NGs displayed preferential associations with EGFR (+) tumor cells. Ligand-installed NGs carrying cisplatin and neratinib significantly improved the treatment response of ovarian cancer xenografts. We also confirmed the importance of simultaneous administration of the dual drug combination via a single NG system which provides more therapeutic benefit than individual drug-loaded NGs administered at equivalent doses. This work illustrates the potential of our carrier system to mediate efficient delivery of a drug combination to treat EGFR overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Fan Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Keliang Gao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Belyaeva E, Loginova N, Schroeder BA, Goldlust IS, Acharya A, Kumar S, Timashev P, Ulasov I. The spectrum of cell death in sarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114683. [PMID: 37031493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between cell death and cell survival is a highly coordinated process by which cells break down and remove unnecessary or harmful materials in a controlled, highly regulated, and compartmentalized manner. Cell exposure to various stresses, such as oxygen starvation, a lack of nutrients, or exposure to radiation, can initiate autophagy. Autophagy is a carefully orchestrated process with multiple steps, each regulated by specific genes and proteins. Autophagy proteins impact cellular maintenance and cell fate in response to stress, and targeting this process is one of the most promising methods of anti-tumor therapy. It is currently not fully understood how autophagy affects different types of tumor cells, which makes it challenging to predict outcomes when this process is manipulated. In this review, we will explore the mechanisms of autophagy and investigate it as a potential and promising therapeutic target for aggressive sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Belyaeva
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nina Loginova
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Brett A Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ian S Goldlust
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Chen XM, Yao DN, Wang MJ, Wu XD, Deng JW, Deng H, Huang RY, Lu CJ. Deep Sequencing of Plasma Exosomal microRNA Level in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:895564. [PMID: 35665333 PMCID: PMC9160332 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.895564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affecting 1% to 3% of the world population. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is the most common form of psoriasis. PV patients suffer from inflamed, pruritic and painful lesions for years (even a lifetime). However, conventional drugs for PV are costly. Considering the need for long-term treatment of PV, it is urgent to discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Plasma exosomal miRNAs have been identified as the reliable biomarkers and therapy targets of human diseases. Here, we described the levels of serum exosomal miRNAs in PV patients and analyzed the functional features of differently expressed miRNAs and their potential target genes for the first time. We identified 1182 miRNAs including 336 novel miRNAs and 246 differently expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes of healthy people and PV patients. Furthermore, the functional analysis found differently expressed miRNA-regulated target genes enriched for specific GO terms including primary metabolic process, cellular metabolic process, metabolic process, organic substance metabolic process, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway containing cellular processes, human diseases, metabolic pathways, metabolism and organismal systems. In addition, we found that some predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs, such as CREB1, RUNX2, EGFR, are both involved in inflammatory response and metabolism. In summary, our study identifies many candidate miRNAs involved in PV, which could provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis of PV and targets for clinical therapies against PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ni Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wen Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Micaily I, Roche M, Ibrahim MY, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Mallick AB. Metabolic Pathways and Targets in Chondrosarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772263. [PMID: 34938658 PMCID: PMC8685273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are the second most common primary bone malignancy. Chondrosarcomas are characterized by the production of cartilaginous matrix and are generally resistant to radiation and chemotherapy and the outcomes are overall poor. Hence, there is strong interest in determining mechanisms of cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in chondrosarcomas. There are metabolic alterations in chondrosarcoma that are linked to the epigenetic state and tumor microenvironment that drive treatment resistance. This review focuses on metabolic changes in chondrosarcoma, and the relationship between signaling via isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), hedgehog, PI3K-mTOR-AKT, and SRC, as well as histone acetylation and angiogenesis. Also, potential treatment strategies targeting metabolism will be discussed including potential synergy with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Micaily
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan Roche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohammad Y. Ibrahim
- Saint Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, Trenton, NJ, United States
| | | | - Atrayee Basu Mallick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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A system-level approach identifies HIF-2α as a critical regulator of chondrosarcoma progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5023. [PMID: 33024108 PMCID: PMC7538956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas, malignant cartilaginous neoplasms, are capable of transitioning to highly aggressive, metastatic, and treatment-refractory states, resulting in significant patient mortality. Here, we aim to uncover the transcriptional program directing such tumor progression in chondrosarcomas. We conduct weighted correlation network analysis to extract a characteristic gene module underlying chondrosarcoma malignancy. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α, encoded by EPAS1) is identified as an upstream regulator that governs the malignancy gene module. HIF-2α is upregulated in high-grade chondrosarcoma biopsies and EPAS1 gene amplification is associated with poor prognosis in chondrosarcoma patients. Using tumor xenograft mouse models, we demonstrate that HIF-2α confers chondrosarcomas the capacities required for tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Meanwhile, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-2α, in conjunction with the chemotherapy agents, synergistically enhances chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis and abolishes malignant signatures of chondrosarcoma in mice. We expect that our insights into the pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma will provide guidelines for the development of molecular targeted therapeutics for chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcomas are frequently aggressive, understanding the transcriptional changes associated with progression may help in developing new treatments. Here, the authors show that HIF-2α is increased in expression on progression and pharmacological inhibition of the protein together with chemotherapy is a useful strategy for controlling tumour growth in mice.
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MacDonald IJ, Lin CY, Kuo SJ, Su CM, Tang CH. An update on current and future treatment options for chondrosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:773-786. [PMID: 31462102 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1659731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human chondrosarcomas (CS; a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor) respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation treatment, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Expanded treatment options are urgently needed. Areas covered: This article updates our 2014 review, in which we evaluated the CS treatments available at that time and potential treatment options under investigation. Since then, advances in research findings, particularly from Chinese herbal medicines, may be bringing us closer to more effective therapies for CS. In particular, promising findings have been reported from research targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Expert opinion: Few treatment options exist for CS; chemotherapy is not even an option for unresectable disease, in which 5-year survival rates are just 2%. New information about the multitude of genes and signaling pathways that encourage CS growth, invasion and metastasis are clarifying how certain signaling pathways and plant-derived active compounds, especially molecularly-targeted therapies that inhibit the PDGF receptor, interfering with these biological processes. This review summarizes discoveries from the last 5 years and discusses how these findings are fueling ongoing work into effectively dealing with the disease process and improving the treatment of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona J MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
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Liang X, Yang Q, Wang W, Liu T, Hu J. VE-822 mediated inhibition of ATR signaling sensitizes chondrosarcoma to cisplatin via reversion of the DNA damage response. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6083-6092. [PMID: 31839711 PMCID: PMC6680083 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s211560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cisplatin has been reported to elicit the DNA damage response (DDR) via activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway, which in turn contributes to the induction of cisplatin resistance. Inhibition of ATR-Chk1 signaling reverses cisplatin resistance in some cancers. However, the influence of inhibiting ATR-Chk1 signaling on cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma cancer has not been reported. Materials and methods We compared the expression levels of ATR kinases in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma cell lines. We inhibited ATR kinase function with VE-822, a selective ATR inhibitor, and suppressed ATR kinase expression with shRNA. Western blotting, the CCK-8 assay, cell cycle distribution assay and apoptosis analysis were used to study the influence of inhibiting ATR-Chk1 signaling on reversing cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Results We found that chondrosarcoma cells expressed very low basal levels of phosphorylated ATR, but cisplatin treatment induced the activation of ATR-Chk1 signaling in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting the induction of DDR. As expected, ATR inhibition with VE-822 reversed cisplatin-induced DDR and enhanced cisplatin-induced activation of H2AX, which is an important marker of DNA damage. Meanwhile, ATR inhibition by RNA interference also reversed DDR and promoted DNA damage. Furthermore, both pharmacological and molecular inhibition of ATR accelerated cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death. Conclusion Our results suggested that inhibiting ATR activation promoted cisplatin-induced cell death via reversion of DDR, and VE-822 may be a valuable strategy for the prevention of cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- Chengnan Academy, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
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Addie RD, de Jong Y, Alberti G, Kruisselbrink AB, Que I, Baelde H, Bovée JVMG. Exploration of the chondrosarcoma metabolome; the mTOR pathway as an important pro-survival pathway. J Bone Oncol 2019; 15:100222. [PMID: 30766792 PMCID: PMC6360255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-producing tumors showing mutations and changes in gene expression in metabolism related genes. In this study, we aimed to explore the metabolome and identify targetable metabolic vulnerabilities in chondrosarcoma. Methods A custom-designed metabolic compound screen containing 39 compounds targeting different metabolic pathways was performed in chondrosarcoma cell lines JJ012, SW1353 and CH2879. Based on the anti-proliferative activity, six compounds were selected for validation using real-time metabolic profiling. Two selected compounds (rapamycin and sapanisertib) were further explored for their effect on viability, apoptosis and metabolic dependency, in normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo efficacy of sapanisertib was tested in a chondrosarcoma orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Results Inhibitors of glutamine, glutathione, NAD synthesis and mTOR were effective in chondrosarcoma cells. Of the six compounds that were validated on the metabolic level, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and sapanisertib showed the most consistent decrease in oxidative and glycolytic parameters. Chondrosarcoma cells were sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition using rapamycin. Inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 using sapanisertib resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in viability in all chondrosarcoma cell lines. In addition, induction of apoptosis was observed in CH2879 after 24 h. Treatment of chondrosarcoma xenografts with sapanisertib slowed down tumor growth compared to control mice. Conclusions mTOR inhibition leads to a reduction of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism and decreased proliferation in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Although further research is needed, these findings suggest that mTOR inhibition might be a potential therapeutic option for patients with chondrosarcoma.
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Key Words
- ACT, Atypical cartilaginous tumor
- BLI, Bioluminescence imaging
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- BSO, Buthionine sulfoximine
- Chondrosarcoma
- D2HG, d-2-Hydroxyglutarate
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECAR, Extracellular acidification rate
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FCCP, Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
- FLI, Fluorescence imaging
- HIF, Hypoxia-inducible factor
- IDH, Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Metabolism
- OCR, Oxygen consumption rate
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rapamycin
- mCT, Micro computed tomography
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTOR, Sapanisertib
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D Addie
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaia Alberti
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Koukourakis MI, Giatromanolaki A. Warburg effect, lactate dehydrogenase, and radio/chemo-therapy efficacy. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:408-426. [PMID: 29913092 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic metabolism of glucose by cancer cells, even under well-oxygenated conditions, has been documented by Otto Warburg as early as 1927. Micro-environmental hypoxia and intracellular pathways activating the hypoxia-related gene response, shift cancer cell metabolism to anaerobic pathways. In the current review, we focus on a major enzyme involved in anaerobic transformation of pyruvate to lactate, namely lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5). The value of LDH5 as a marker of prognosis of cancer patients, as a predictor of response to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy and, finally, as a major target for cancer treatment and radio-sensitization is reported and discussed. Clinical, translational and experimental data supporting the uniqueness of the LDHA gene and its product LDH5 isoenzyme are summarized and future directions for a metabolic treatment of cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Koukourakis
- a Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- b Department of Pathology , Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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Nazeri E, Gouran Savadkoohi M, Majidzadeh-A K, Esmaeili R. Chondrosarcoma: An overview of clinical behavior, molecular mechanisms mediated drug resistance and potential therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:102-109. [PMID: 30293700 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are known as a heterogeneous class of cancers arisen in the connective tissues and demonstrated various histological subtypes including both soft tissue and bone origin. Chondrosarcoma is one of the main types of bone sarcoma that shows a considerable deficiency in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While conventional treatment based on surgery, chemo-and radiotherapy are used in this tumor, high rate of death especially among children and adolescents are reported. Due to high resistance to current conventional therapies in chondrosarcoma, there is an urgent requirement to recognize factors causing resistance and discover new strategies for optimal treatment. In the past decade, dysregulation of genes associated with tumor development and therapy resistance has been studied to find potential therapeutic targets to overcome resistance. In this review, clinical aspects of chondrosarcoma are summarized. Moreover, it gives a summary of gene dysregulation, mutation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs associated with tumor development and therapeutic response modulation. Finally, the probable role of tumor microenvironment in chondrosarcoma drug resistance and targeted therapies as a promising molecular therapeutic approach are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nazeri
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Kim JH, Nam B, Choi YJ, Kim SY, Lee JE, Sung KJ, Kim WS, Choi CM, Chang EJ, Koh JS, Song JS, Yoon S, Lee JC, Rho JK, Son J. Enhanced Glycolysis Supports Cell Survival in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated EGFR Degradation. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4482-4496. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Targeted in vivo delivery of EGFR siRNA inhibits ovarian cancer growth and enhances drug sensitivity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36518. [PMID: 27819259 PMCID: PMC5098171 DOI: 10.1038/srep36518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A functionalized nanohydrogel siRNA delivery system and a mouse model of serous ovarian cancer were used to test predictions from previous cell line studies that knockdown of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) may be of clinical significance in the treatment of epithelial tumors especially with respect to the enhancement of platinum based therapies. Our results support these predictions and suggest that targeted delivery of EGFR siRNA may be an effective strategy for the treatment of ovarian and other epithelial tumors associated with elevated levels of EGFR and especially those demonstrating resistance to platinum-based therapies.
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14
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Greening DW, Lee ST, Ji H, Simpson RJ, Rigopoulos A, Murone C, Fang C, Gong S, O'Keefe G, Scott AM. Molecular profiling of cetuximab and bevacizumab treatment of colorectal tumours reveals perturbations in metabolic and hypoxic response pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38166-80. [PMID: 26517691 PMCID: PMC4741991 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition has been shown to have anti-tumour efficacy, and enhance the therapeutic effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. The interplay of signalling alterations and changes in metabolism and hypoxia in tumours following anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR treatment is not well understood. We aimed to explore the pharmacodynamics of cetuximab and bevacizumab treatment in human colon carcinoma tumour cells in vitro and xenograft models through proteomic profiling, molecular imaging of metabolism and hypoxia, and evaluation of therapy-induced changes in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Both cetuximab and bevacizumab inhibited tumour growth in vivo, and this effect was associated with selectively perturbed glucose metabolism and reduced hypoxic volumes based on PET/MRI imaging. Global proteomic profiling of xenograft tumours (in presence of cetuximab, bevacizumab, and combination treatments) revealed alterations in proteins involved in glucose, lipid and fatty acid metabolism (e.g., GPD2, ATP5B, STAT3, FASN), as well as hypoxic regulators and vasculogenesis (e.g., ATP5B, THBS1, HSPG2). These findings correlated with western immunoblotting (xenograft lysates) and histological examination by immunohistochemistry. These results define important mechanistic insight into the dynamic changes in metabolic and hypoxic response pathways in colorectal tumours following treatment with cetuximab and bevacizumab, and highlight the ability of these therapies to selectively impact on tumour cells and extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Murone
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Fang
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvia Gong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme O'Keefe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Chen H, Shen J, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Targeting protein kinases to reverse multidrug resistance in sarcoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 43:8-18. [PMID: 26827688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of cancers that arise from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. They can be classified into over 50 subtypes, accounting for approximately 1% of adult and 15% of pediatric cancers. Wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the most common treatments for the majority of sarcomas. Among these therapies, chemotherapy can palliate symptoms and prolong life for some sarcoma patients. However, sarcoma cells can have intrinsic or acquired resistance after treatment with chemotherapeutics drugs, leading to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR attenuates the efficacy of anticancer drugs and results in treatment failure for sarcomas. Therefore, overcoming MDR is an unmet need for sarcoma therapy. Certain protein kinases demonstrate aberrant expression and/or activity in sarcoma cells, which have been found to be involved in the regulation of sarcoma cell progression, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and survival. Inhibiting these protein kinases may not only decrease the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells, but also reverse their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs to subsequently reduce the doses of anticancer drugs and decrease drug side-effects. The discovery of novel strategies targeting protein kinases opens a door to a new area of sarcoma research and provides insight into the mechanisms of MDR in chemotherapy. This review will focus on the recent studies in targeting protein kinase to reverse chemotherapeutic drug resistance in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Emergency Surgery, ShenZhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, No. 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518020, China
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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16
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Cross-reacting material 197 reverses the resistance to paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5521-8. [PMID: 26572150 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been proven to be a promising chemotherapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of HB-EGF by the special inhibitor, cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197), potently inhibits the anti-tumor activity in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. Here, we found that inhibition of HB-EGF by CRM197 significantly reverses the resistance to paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780/Taxol). A2780/Taxol cells over-expressed HB-EGF and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CRM197 notably suppressed the expression of HB-EGF and EGFR. Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo further suggested that CRM197 markedly down-regulated the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1/MDR1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (P = 0.01), plasma membrane glycoprotein (P-gp) protein (P = 0.009), and P-gp-mediated efflux (P = 0.007) through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression, which were classical chemoresistance-related targets with respect to paclitaxel therapy. Meanwhile, inhibition of HB-EGF enhanced caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis via MDR1 inhibition in A2780/Taxol cells (P = 0.038). Collectively, HB-EGF is a molecular target for the resistance of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel and CRM197 as a HB-EGF-targeted agent might be a chemosensitizing agent for paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma. Our findings provide novel possible mechanisms for HB-EGF to be a target to restore the chemosensitivity to paclitaxel.
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17
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Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Cetuximab and Cisplatin on Human Colon Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the ERK-Dependent EGF Receptor Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:397563. [PMID: 26491668 PMCID: PMC4600871 DOI: 10.1155/2015/397563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of cetuximab combined with cisplatin (combination treatment) on colon cancer growth, as well as its underlying action mechanism. Combination treatment synergistically potentiated the effect of cetuximab on cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Combination treatment further suppressed the expression of the activated form of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MAP kinase (p-ERK and p-p38) and also significantly inhibited the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Additionally, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA was significantly reduced by the combination treatment as compared to the expression seen for treatment with cetuximab or cisplatin alone. We found that the synergistic inhibitory effects of cetuximab and cisplatin on AP-1 and NF-κB activation, as well as on cell viability, were reversed by pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor. Results demonstrate that combined treatment with cetuximab and cisplatin exerts synergistic anticancer effects on colon cancer cells and also suggest that the ERK pathway plays a critical role in these effects via the suppression of the EGFR signaling pathway, along with the inhibition of COX-2, IL-8, and AP-1 and NF-κB.
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18
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Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors sensitize lymphoma cells to cisplatin without enhancing the drug effects on immortalized normal lymphocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 74:95-102. [PMID: 25930121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of glycolysis, a well recognized hallmark of cancer cells, was also found to be predictive of poor chemotherapy response. This observation suggested the attempt of sensitizing cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting glucose metabolism. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition can be a way to hinder glycolysis of cancer cells without affecting the metabolism of normal tissues, which usually does not require this enzymatic activity. In this paper, we showed that two LDH inhibitors (oxamate and galloflavin) can increase the efficacy of cisplatin in cultured Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells and that this potentiating effect is not exerted in proliferating normal lymphocytes. This result was explained by the finding that in BL cells LDH inhibition induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was not evidenced in proliferating normal lymphocytes. In BL cells treated with the association of cisplatin and LDH inhibitors, these ROS can be a further cause of DNA damage, to be added to that produced by cisplatin, leading to the failure of the response repair. At present LDH inhibitors suitable for clinical use are actively searched; our results can allow a better understanding of the potentiality of LDH as a possible target to develop innovative anticancer treatments.
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Dasari S, Tchounwou PB. Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:364-78. [PMID: 25058905 PMCID: PMC4146684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3281] [Impact Index Per Article: 328.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, cisplatinum, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug. It has been used for treatment of numerous human cancers including bladder, head and neck, lung, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It is effective against various types of cancers, including carcinomas, germ cell tumors, lymphomas, and sarcomas. Its mode of action has been linked to its ability to crosslink with the purine bases on the DNA; interfering with DNA repair mechanisms, causing DNA damage, and subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, because of drug resistance and numerous undesirable side effects such as severe kidney problems, allergic reactions, decrease immunity to infections, gastrointestinal disorders, hemorrhage, and hearing loss especially in younger patients, other platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs such as carboplatin, oxaliplatin and others, have also been used. Furthermore, combination therapies of cisplatin with other drugs have been highly considered to overcome drug-resistance and reduce toxicity. This comprehensive review highlights the physicochemical properties of cisplatin and related platinum-based drugs, and discusses its uses (either alone or in combination with other drugs) for the treatment of various human cancers. A special attention is paid to its molecular mechanisms of action, and its undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloam Dasari
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paul Bernard Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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