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Azadeh Jouneghani M, Keshavarzi F, Haghnazari N, Hooshmandi Z, Amini S. The Investigation of the Association Between the Bcl-2 3'-UTR rs1564483 Polymorphism and miR-296-3p in the Development of Breast and Gastric Cancers. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231207835. [PMID: 37928451 PMCID: PMC10625176 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231207835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene regulates carcinogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis. This study evaluated the association of Bcl-2 3'-untranslated regions (3' UTR) rs1564483 polymorphism and miR-296-3p with the development of breast and gastric cancers. Methods A microarray analysis was performed on the Genomic Spatial Event (GSE)29431 and GSE161533 datasets for breast and gastric cancers. Blood samples were taken from 222 (111 patients and 111 controls) and 210 (84 patients and 126 controls) individuals for breast and gastric cancers, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by examining the high-temperature melting curve. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the potential correlation between the rs1564483 polymorphism and the risk of breast and gastric cancers concerning pathological characteristics. Results The results of the microarray showed that the Bcl-2 gene was up-regulated in gastric cancer (logFC [log fold change]: 0.65, adjusted P < .05). Clinical outcome showed no notable relationship between the rs1564483 polymorphism and breast cancer risk; however, for gastric cancer, it identified a large difference between healthy controls and patients for an allelic frequency of rs1564483 (P ⩽ .001). Moreover, an assay of different models (dominant, recessive, and co-dominant) showed a significant association between the AG genotype between control and gastric cases (Pearson chi-square test, P = .046). In addition, the prevalence of the AG genotype was greater in persons under the age of 45 and in patients with H. pylori infection (P ⩽ .001). The AG genotype was not related to smoking, although the AA genotype was associated with increased cancer incidence in smokers (P ⩽ .001). Conclusions In silico studies and calculations of the ΔG binding of micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) hsa-miR-296-3p to the mutant and wild alleles of the rs15644833 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have revealed that Bcl-2 mRNA expression in gastric cancer decreases, thus confirming the tumor suppressor role of the Bcl-2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Haghnazari
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshmandi
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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2
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Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Akbarzadeh I, Marzbankia E, Farid M, khaledi L, Reihani AH, Javidfar M, Mortazavi P. Delivery of melittin-loaded niosomes for breast cancer treatment: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-cancer effect. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Melittin, a peptide component of honey bee venom, is an appealing candidate for cancer therapy. In the current study, melittin, melittin-loaded niosome, and empty niosome had been optimized and the anticancer effect assessed in vitro on 4T1 and SKBR3 breast cell lines and in vivo on BALB/C inbred mice. "Thin-layer hydration method" was used for preparing the niosomes; different niosomal formulations of melittin were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, and stability. A niosome was formulated and loaded with melittin as a promising drug carrier system for chemotherapy of the breast cancer cells. Hemolysis, apoptosis, cell cytotoxicity, invasion and migration of selected concentrations of melittin, and melittin-loaded niosome were evaluated on 4T1 and SKBR3 cells using hemolytic activity assay, flow cytometry, MTT assay, soft agar colony assay, and wound healing assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression. 40 BALB/c inbred mice were used; then, the histopathology, P53 immunohistochemical assay and estimate of renal and liver enzyme activity for all groups had been done.
Results
This study showed melittin-loaded niosome is an excellent substitute in breast cancer treatment due to enhanced targeting, encapsulation efficiency, PDI, and release rate and shows a high anticancer effect on cell lines. The melittin-loaded niosome affects the genes expression by studied cells were higher than other samples; down-regulates the expression of Bcl2, MMP2, and MMP9 genes while they up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 genes. They have also enhanced the apoptosis rate and inhibited cell migration, invasion in both cell lines compared to the melittin samples. Results of histopathology showed reduce mitosis index, invasion and pleomorphism in melittin-loaded niosome. Renal and hepatic biomarker activity did not significantly differ in melittin-loaded niosome and melittin compared to healthy control. In immunohistochemistry, P53 expression did not show a significant change in all groups.
Conclusions
Our study successfully declares that melittin-loaded niosome had more anti-cancer effects than free melittin. This project has demonstrated that niosomes are suitable vesicle carriers for melittin, compare to the free form.
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3
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Bacinschi XE, Zgura A, Safta I, Anghel R. Biomolecular Factors Represented by Bcl-2, p53, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict Response for Adjuvant Anthracycline Chemotherapy in Patients with Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11965-11971. [PMID: 33244272 PMCID: PMC7685384 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s274104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer is challenging. Standard adjuvant tretment is considered to be the cobination of anthracycline and taxanes although the role of anthracyclines administered preoperatively remains controversial. Actually, some studies recommended taxane-only regimens. We reviewed literatures to examine whether tissue biomarkers available in an ordinary laboratory setting (eg, haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry) may predict response to adjuvant anthracyclines in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Our review showed that Bcl-2, p53, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expression may become independent predictors for triple-negative breast cancer. This finding was based on data from retrospective studies, and, thus, randomized controlled study is needed to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Elena Bacinschi
- Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Zgura
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Inga Safta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France
| | - Rodica Anghel
- Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Thyagarajan A, Forino AS, Konger RL, Sahu RP. Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention: Implications in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080651. [PMID: 32717779 PMCID: PMC7464582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring dietary agents present in a wide variety of plant products, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing medicinal properties, and thus, have been used in folk medicine for ages to treat various ailments. The beneficial effects of such dietary components are frequently attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly in regards to their antineoplastic activities. As many tumor types exhibit greater oxidative stress levels that are implicated in favoring autonomous cell growth activation, most chemotherapeutic agents can also enhance tumoral oxidative stress levels in part via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS-mediated imbalance of the cellular redox potential can provide novel drug targets, as a consequence, this ROS-mediated excessive damage to cellular functions, including oncogenic mutagenesis, has also been implicated in inducing chemoresistance. This remains one of the major challenges in the treatment and management of human malignancies. Antioxidant-enriched natural compounds offer one of the promising approaches in mitigating some of the underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and therefore, have been extensively explored in cancer chemoprevention. Among various groups of dietary phytochemicals, polyphenols have been extensively explored for their underlying chemopreventive mechanisms in other cancer models. Thus, the current review highlights the significance and mechanisms of some of the highly studied polyphenolic compounds, with greater emphasis on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
| | - Andrew S. Forino
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
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5
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Canonici A, Browne AL, Ibrahim MFK, Fanning KP, Roche S, Conlon NT, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Cremona M, Morgan C, Hennessy BT, Eustace AJ, Solca F, O’Donovan N, Crown J. Combined targeting EGFR and SRC as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919897546. [PMID: 32064003 PMCID: PMC6987485 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919897546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast
cancer with limited therapeutic options. Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) has been shown to be over-expressed in TNBC and represents a rational
treatment target. Methods: We examined single agent and combination effects for afatinib and dasatinib
in TNBC. We then determined IC50 and combination index values
using Calcusyn. Functional analysis of single and combination treatments was
performed using reverse phase protein array and cell cycle analysis.
Finally, we determined the anticancer effects of the combination in
vivo. Results: A total of 14 TNBC cell lines responded to afatinib with IC50
values ranging from 0.008 to 5.0 µM. Three cell lines, belonging to the
basal-like subtype of TNBC, were sensitive to afatinib. The addition of
afatinib enhanced response to the five other targeted therapies in HCC1937
and HDQP1 cells. The combination of afatinib with dasatinib caused the
greatest growth inhibition in both cell lines. The afatinib/dasatinib
combination was synergistic and/or additive in 13/14 TNBC cell lines.
Combined afatinib/dasatinib treatment induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Reverse
phase protein array results showed the afatinib/dasatinib combination
resulted in efficient inhibition of both pERK(T202/T204) and pAkt(S473)
signalling in BT20 cells, which was associated with the greatest
antiproliferative effects. High baseline levels of pSrc(Y416) and pMAPK(p38)
correlated with sensitivity to afatinib, whereas low levels of B-cell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) correlated with
synergistic growth inhibition by combined afatinib and dasatinib treatment.
In vivo, the combination treatment inhibited tumour
growth in a HCC1806 xenograft model. Conclusions: We demonstrate that afatinib combined with dasatinib has potential clinical
activity in TNBC but warrants further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canonici
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alacoque L. Browne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed F. K. Ibrahim
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Fanning
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Roche
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Clare Morgan
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | | | - Flavio Solca
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Norma O’Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent’s
University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Du C, Zhang X, Yao M, Lv K, Wang J, Chen L, Chen Y, Wang S, Fu P. Bcl-2 promotes metastasis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the BCap37 medullary breast cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8991-8898. [PMID: 29844816 PMCID: PMC5958888 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is one of the major types of cancer in women. However, despite being the focus of considerable research efforts, its molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2 (Bcl-2) protein is well known for its role in inhibiting programmed cell death/apoptosis. However, little is known concerning its function in cell invasion and migration. In the present study, cell migration and invasion assays revealed that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein induced migration and invasion without affecting cell proliferation in the BCap37 breast cancer cell line. In addition, it was found that the overexpression of Bcl-2 in BCap37 cells increased metastasis to the lung in a mouse model. Using western blotting and RT q-PCR analysis, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibited the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, whereas it increased the levels of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. Therefore, the results suggested that Bcl-2 may induce cellular metastasis in breast cancer via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Minya Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kezhen Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Luyan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yaomin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shuqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Kolečková M, Kolář Z, Ehrmann J, Kořínková G, Trojanec R. Age-associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4201-4207. [PMID: 28599421 PMCID: PMC5452934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no comprehensive prognostic or predictive marker profiling analysis has been performed in association with the age of patients with breast cancer. In the present study, 632 breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein, HER2 gene amplification, proliferation [as evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 index], tumor grade, histological type and molecular subtype. The data revealed correlations with the age of patients. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between patient age and expression of ER (P<0.0001). There was no significant association between patient age and PR, HER2 protein expression, HER2 gene amplification or PCNA. A significant negative correlation between age and Ki-67 expression (P<0.0001) as well as grade of tumor (P=0.007) was identified. The spectrum of molecular subtypes differed according to age (P=0.0003). The highest incidence of aggressive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer was present in patients aged between 20 and 39 years. Luminal A subtype was the most frequent cancer subtype in patients from age 40 onwards, where proliferation activity declined with age and expression of hormone receptors increased along with Bcl-2 expression. Aggressive forms of breast cancer were more common in younger patients. Prognostic and predictive markers have a complex age-specific distribution. The findings of less aggressive luminal A and B subtypes in older patients, and the positive correlation with ER, PR and Bcl-2 expression reveal the potential efficacy of Bcl-2 as a marker of hormone responsiveness in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kolečková
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kolář
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kořínková
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Trojanec
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Hwang KT, Han W, Kim J, Moon HG, Oh S, Song YS, Kim YA, Chang MS, Noh DY. Prognostic Influence of BCL2 on Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:54-64. [PMID: 28382095 PMCID: PMC5378580 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to reveal the prognostic influence of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) on molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods We analyzed 9,468 patients with primary breast cancer. We classified molecular subtypes according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and St. Gallen guidelines, mainly on the basis of the expression of hormonal receptor (HR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67. Results Regarding NCCN classification, BCL2 was a strong favorable prognostic factor in the HR(+)/HER2(–) subtype (p<0.001) and a marginally significant favorable prognosticator in the HR(+)/HER2(+) subtype (p=0.046). BCL2 had no prognostic impact on HR(–)/HER2(+) and HR(–)/HER2(–) subtypes. In relation to St. Gallen classification, BCL2 was a strong favorable prognosticator in luminal A and luminal B/HER2(–) subtypes (both p<0.001). BCL2 was a marginally significant prognosticator in the luminal B/HER2(+) subtype (p=0.046), and it was not a significant prognosticator in HER2 or triple negative (TN) subtypes. The prognostic effect of BCL2 was proportional to the stage of breast cancer in HR(+)/HER2(–), HR(+)/HER2(+), and HR(–)/HER2(–) subtypes, but not in HR(–)/HER2(+) subtype. BCL2 was not a prognostic factor in TN breast cancer regardless of epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Conclusion The prognostic influence of BCL2 was different across molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and it was largely dependent on HR, HER2, Ki-67, and the stage of cancer. BCL2 had a strong favorable prognostic impact only in HR(+)/HER2(–) or luminal A and luminal B/HER2(–) subtypes, particularly in advanced stages. Further investigations are needed to verify the prognostic influence of BCL2 on molecular subtypes of breast cancer and to develop clinical applications for prognostication using BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Prihantono P, Binekada C, Hatta M, Sampepajun D, Islam AA. Correlation of BCL-2 and ERα mRNA Expression with the Clinical Chemotherapeutic Response in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2017.31.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Eom YH, Kim HS, Lee A, Song BJ, Chae BJ. BCL2 as a Subtype-Specific Prognostic Marker for Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2016; 19:252-260. [PMID: 27721874 PMCID: PMC5053309 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) is an antiapoptosis protein and an important clinical breast cancer prognostic marker. As the role of BCL2 is dependent on the estrogen receptor (ER) status, this effect might differ according to molecular subtypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prognostic outcomes and BCL2 expression among the molecular subtypes. METHODS We retrieved the data of 1,356 patients who were newly diagnosed with malignant breast cancer between November 2006 and November 2011. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure ER, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, and BCL2 expression. We classified breast cancer into five molecular subtypes based on the 13th St. Gallen International Expert Consensus, including luminal A, luminal B (HER2-negative), luminal B (HER2-positive), HER2-overexpression, and triple-negative subtypes. We analyzed the clinicopathological features and assessed the correlation between BCL2 expression and clinical outcomes, such as relapse-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) according to the five molecular subtypes. RESULTS A total of 605 cases of breast cancer (53.8%) showed BCL2 expression. BCL2-positive expression was associated with young age (<50 years, p=0.036), lower histological grade (p<0.001), low Ki-67 level (<14%, p<0.001), hormone receptor positivity (p<0.001), HER2 negativity (p<0.001), luminal breast cancer (p<0.001), and low recurrence rate (p=0.016). BCL2-positive expression was also associated with favorable 5-year RFS (p=0.008, 91.4%) and DSS (p=0.036, 95.6%) in all the patients. BCL2-positive expression in luminal A breast cancer resulted in significantly favorable 5-year RFS and DSS (p=0.023 and p=0.041, respectively). However, BCL2 expression was not associated with the prognosis in the other subtypes. CONCLUSION The prognostic role of BCL2 expression in breast cancer is subtype-specific. BCL2 expression differs according to the molecular subtype and is a good prognostic marker for only luminal A breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwa Eom
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Song
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Chae
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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11
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He K, Shi L, Jiang T, Li Q, Chen Y, Meng C. Association between SET expression and glioblastoma cell apoptosis and proliferation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2435-2444. [PMID: 27698810 PMCID: PMC5038217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was one of the first cancer types systematically studied at a genomic and transcriptomic level due to its high incidence and aggressivity; however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear, even though it is known that numerous cytokines are involved in the occurrence and development of GBM. The present study aimed to determine whether the SET gene has a role in human glioblastoma carcinogenesis. A total of 32 samples, including 18 cases of glioma, 2 cases of meningioma and 12 normal brain tissue samples, were detected using the streptavidin-peroxidase method through immunohistochemistry. To reduce SET gene expression in U251 and U87MG cell lines, the RNA interference technique was used and transfection with small interfering (si)RNA of the SET gene was performed. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, cell migration was examined by Transwell migration assay and cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. SET, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Positive protein expression of SET was observed in the cell nucleus, with the expression level of SET significantly higher in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissue (P=0.001). Elevated expression of SET was significantly associated with gender (P=0.002), tumors classified as World Health Organization grade II (P=0.031), III (P=0.003) or IV (P=0.001), and moderately (P=0.031) or poorly differentiated (P=0.001) tumors. Compared with the negative and non-treatment (blank) control cells, SET gene expression was significantly inhibited (P=0.006 and P<0.001), cell apoptosis was significantly increased (P=0.001 and P<0.001), cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P=0.002 and P=0.015), and cell migration was significantly decreased (P=0.001 and P=0.001) in siRNA-transfected U87MG−SET and U251−SET cells, respectively. In addition, mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly inhibited in U87MG−SET and U251−SET cells, while mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased, compared with the two control groups. Thus, the current data suggests that SET may regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells by upregulating Bcl-2, and downregulating Bax and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan He
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical and Forensic Medical Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical and Forensic Medical Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical and Forensic Medical Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical and Forensic Medical Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Gui Y, Xu S, Yang X, Gu L, Zhang Z, Luo X, Chen L. A meta-analysis of biomarkers for the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Biomark Med 2016; 10:771-90. [PMID: 27339713 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers that has the ability to predict triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) prognosis especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy is very important. Methods: The cohort studies that reported association between chemotherapy biomarker expression and survival outcome in TNBC patients were included in our analysis. Results: The promising markers that emerged for the prediction of disease-free survival and overall survival included Ki67, BRCA1 methylation and LC3B. Furthermore, Ki67 appeared to be also significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in TNBC patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that in TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy, Ki67 is a predictor for poor prognosis, BRCA1 methylation and LC3B are also potential prognostic markers. In addition, the TNBC patients with high Ki67 expression seems to display resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gui
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuman Xu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
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Kim MC, Choi JE, Lee SJ, Bae YK. Coexistent Loss of the Expressions of BRCA1 and p53 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3524-3530. [PMID: 27278204 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prognostic significance of altered breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and p53 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1 and p53 was examined in the tumor tissues of 465 TNBC cases and relations were sought with clinicopathological features and patient survival. RESULTS Loss of BRCA1 expression was found in 29.5% (137/465) of TNBCs. Positive expression of p53 was observed in 49.9% (232/465). Patients with loss of BRCA1 expression had a tendency to have higher rate of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.075). An association between p53 expression and high histological grade was observed (p = 0.039). TNBC patients with loss of BRCA1 expression had a tendency to have poorer overall survival (OS) than those positive for BRCA1 (p = 0.09). TNBC patients with positive p53 expression showed better OS than those with p53 negativity (p = 0.001). In terms of combined expression patterns, significantly poorer overall survival (OS) was observed for BRCA1-negative/p53-negative TNBCs and best OS for BRCA1-positive/p53-positive TNBCs (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Combined expression patterns of BRCA1 and p53 could serve as useful prognostic markers in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
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The clinical significance of standardized uptake value in breast cancer measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 36:790-4. [PMID: 25932535 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and biological significance of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake levels in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS F-FDG PET/computed tomography was performed in 206 women with breast cancer, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) in breast cancer was analyzed to test associations with prognostic parameters. RESULTS PET/computed tomography sensitivity for primary tumor detection was 90.4% (206/228) and sensitivity and specificity for metastatic axillary lymph node were 72.6% (45/62) and 84.7% (122/144), respectively. A high SUV was significantly associated with large tumor size (>2 cm, P<0.001), positive axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.016), higher tumor node metastasis stage (P<0.001), higher histologic grade (P<0.001), higher nuclear grade (P<0.001), estrogen receptor negativity (P<0.001), progesterone receptor negativity (P<0.001), triple negativity (P=0.006), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 negativity (P=0.031), cytokeratin 5/6 positivity (P=0.001), epidermal growth factor receptor positivity (P=0.005), and Ki67 positivity (P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size (>2 cm, P=0.001), positive axillary lymph node metastasis (P=0.028), and estrogen receptor negativity (P<0.001) were significantly associated with the SUV. CONCLUSION High levels of F-FDG uptake in primary breast cancer were correlated with poor prognostic factors and aggressive biologic markers such as triple negativity, markers of basal-type cancer, and Ki67. The SUV might be predictive of biologic markers and assist therapeutic decision making.
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Targeting BCL-2 to enhance vulnerability to therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:1877-87. [PMID: 26257067 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The last three decades have seen significant progress in our understanding of the role of the pro-survival protein BCL-2 and its family members in apoptosis and cancer. BCL-2 and other pro-survival family members including Mcl-1 and BCL-XL have been shown to have a key role in keeping pro-apoptotic 'effector' proteins BAK and BAX in check. They also neutralize a group of 'sensor' proteins (such as BIM), which are triggered by cytotoxic stimuli such as chemotherapy. BCL-2 proteins therefore have a central role as guardians against apoptosis, helping cancer cells to evade cell death. More recently, an increasing number of BH3 mimetics, which bind and neutralize BCL-2 and/or its pro-survival relatives, have been developed. The utility of targeting BCL-2 in hematological malignancies has become evident in early-phase studies, with remarkable clinical responses seen in heavily pretreated patients. As BCL-2 is overexpressed in ~75% of breast cancer, there has been growing interest in determining whether this new class of drug could show similar promise in breast cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of BCL-2 and its family members in mammary gland development and breast cancer, recent progress in the development of new BH3 mimetics as well as their potential for targeting estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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BCL2 is an independent predictor of outcome in basal-like triple-negative breast cancers treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4243-52. [PMID: 25616695 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neither targeted therapies nor predictors for chemotherapy sensitivity are available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our study included 187 patients with TNBC, 164 of whom were treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven molecular biomarkers were analyzed. BCL2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MYC, TOP2A, and Ki-67 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The status of the EGFR, MYC, and TOP2A genes and chromosomes 7, 8, and 17 was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization. High BCL2 expression predicted poor relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.035), poor breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (p = 0.048), and a trend to poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.085). High levels of BCL2 expression predicted poor OS in basal-like (BL) TNBC patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based regimens (log-rank p = 0.033, hazard ratio (HR) 3.04, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-8.91) and a trend to poor RFS (log-rank p = 0.079) and poor BCSS (log-rank p = 0.056). Multivariate analysis showed that BCL2 status, tumor size, and nodal status all had independent predictive significance for RFS (p = 0.005, p = 0.091, p = 0.003, respectively; likelihood ratio test for the whole model, p = 0.003), BCSS (p = 0.012, p = 0.077, p = 0.01, respectively; likelihood ratio test for the whole model, p = 0.016), and OS (p = 0.008, p = 0.004, p = 0.004, respectively; likelihood ratio test for the whole model, p = 0.0006). Similarly, multivariate analysis for BL TNBC showed BCL2, tumor size, and nodal status all had independent predictive significance for RFS (likelihood ratio test for the whole model, p = 0.00125), BCSS (p = 0.00035), and OS (p = 0.00063). High EGFR expression was associated with poor BCSS (p = 0.039) in patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who underwent anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy and exhibited CMYC amplification had a trend to worse BCSS (p = 0.066). In conclusion, high BCL2 expression is a significant independent predictor of poor outcome in TNBC patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and this is the first study showing the BCL2 prediction in BL TNBC. BCL2 expression analysis could facilitate decision making on adjuvant treatment in TNBC patients.
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