1
|
Taheri E, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M. Effect of TIMPs and Their Minimally Engineered Variants in Blocking Invasion and Migration of Brain Cancer Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597644. [PMID: 38895489 PMCID: PMC11185677 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, influencing various aspects of cancer progression including migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Overexpression of MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, is notably pronounced in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by diffuse and infiltrative behavior. Previous attempts to develop small molecule MMP inhibitors have failed in clinical trials, necessitating the exploration of more stable and selective alternatives. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), endogenous human proteins, offer promising potential due to their stability and broader interaction interfaces compared to small molecule inhibitors. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of wild-type human TIMP-1 and TIMP-3, alongside engineered minimal TIMP variants (mTC1 and mTC3), specifically designed for targeted MMP inhibition to reduce the migratory and invasive capabilities of GBM cells. Our investigation focused on these minimal TIMP variants, which provide enhanced tissue penetration and cellular uptake due to their small molecular weight, aiming to validate their potential as therapeutic agents. The results demonstrated that mTC1 and mTC3 effectively inhibit MMP activity, a critical factor in GBM aggressiveness, thereby highlighting their promise in controlling tumor spread. Given the lethality of GBM and the limited effectiveness of current treatments, the application of engineered TIMP variants represents a novel and potentially transformative therapeutic approach. By offering targeted MMP inhibition, these variants may significantly improve patient outcomes, providing new avenues for treatment and enhancing the survival and quality of life for patients with this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
2
|
Blaj LA, Cucu AI, Tamba BI, Turliuc MD. The Role of the NF-kB Pathway in Intracranial Aneurysms. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1660. [PMID: 38137108 PMCID: PMC10871091 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms (IA) has been proven to be closely linked to hemodynamic stress and inflammatory pathways, most notably the NF-kB pathway. Therefore, it is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In the present review, we investigated alterations in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), extracellular matrix, and endothelial cells by the mediators implicated in the NF-kB pathway that lead to the formation, growth, and rupture of IAs. We also present an overview of the NF-kB pathway, focusing on stimuli and transcriptional targets specific to IAs, as well as a summary of the current strategies for inhibiting NF-kB activation in IAs. Our report adds to previously reported data and future research directions for treating IAs using compounds that can suppress inflammation in the vascular wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu Andrei Blaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.A.B.); (M.D.T.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dana Turliuc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.A.B.); (M.D.T.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nie Y, Xu L, Bai Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Zeng Q, Gao X, Xia X, Chang D. Prognostic utility of TME-associated genes in pancreatic cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1218774. [PMID: 37727377 PMCID: PMC10505756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1218774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease. The tumor microenvironment (TME) participates in PC oncogenesis. This study focuses on the assessment of the prognostic and treatment utility of TME-associated genes in PC. Methods: After obtaining the differentially expressed TME-related genes, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify genes related to prognosis, and a risk model was established to evaluate risk scores, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, and it was validated by external data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). Multiomics analyses were adopted to explore the potential mechanisms, discover novel treatment targets, and assess the sensitivities of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Results: Five TME-associated genes, namely, FERMT1, CARD9, IL20RB, MET, and MMP3, were identified and a risk score formula constructed. Next, their mRNA expressions were verified in cancer and normal pancreatic cells. Multiple algorithms confirmed that the risk model displayed a reliable ability of prognosis prediction and was an independent prognostic factor, indicating that high-risk patients had poor outcomes. Immunocyte infiltration, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-cell analysis all showed a strong relationship between immune mechanism and low-risk samples. The risk score could predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy and some chemotherapy regimens, which included oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Various latent treatment targets (LAG3, TIGIT, and ARID1A) were addressed by mutation landscape based on the risk model. Conclusion: The risk model based on TME-related genes can reflect the prognosis of PC patients and functions as a novel set of biomarkers for PC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Nie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longwen Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilong Bai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- Geneplus-Beijing, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingnuo Zeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- GenePlus- Shenzhen Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Dongmin Chang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Li L, Shi P, Cui H, Yang L. The Crucial Roles of Bmi-1 in Cancer: Implications in Pathogenesis, Metastasis, Drug Resistance, and Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158231. [PMID: 35897796 PMCID: PMC9367737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration region 1 (Bmi-1, also known as RNF51 or PCGF4) is one of the important members of the PcG gene family, and is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence, and maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have emphasized the role of Bmi-1 in the occurrence and development of tumors. In fact, Bmi-1 has multiple functions in cancer biology and is closely related to many classical molecules, including Akt, c-MYC, Pten, etc. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of Bmi-1 in multiple pathways, and the interaction of Bmi-1 with noncoding RNAs. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of Bmi-1 in cancer, and explore the clinical relevance of Bmi-1 in cancer biomarkers and prognosis, as well as its implications for chemoresistance and radioresistance. In conclusion, we summarize the role of Bmi-1 in tumor progression, reveal the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanism of Bmi-1 in tumors, and provide useful information for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bassiouni W, Ali MAM, Schulz R. Multifunctional intracellular matrix metalloproteinases: implications in disease. FEBS J 2021; 288:7162-7182. [PMID: 33405316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that were first discovered as proteases, which target and cleave extracellular proteins. During the past 20 years, however, intracellular roles of MMPs were uncovered and research on this new aspect of their biology expanded. MMP-2 is the first of this protease family to be reported to play a crucial intracellular role where it cleaves several sarcomeric proteins inside cardiac myocytes during oxidative stress-induced injury. Beyond MMP-2, currently at least eleven other MMPs are known to function intracellularly including MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-14, MMP-23 and MMP-26. These intracellular MMPs are localized to different compartments inside the cell including the cytosol, sarcomere, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Intracellular MMPs contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Cardiovascular renal disorders, inflammation, and malignancy are some examples. They also exert antiviral and bactericidal effects. Interestingly, MMPs can act intracellularly through both protease-dependent and protease-independent mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight the intracellular mechanisms of MMPs activation, their numerous subcellular locales, substrates, and roles in different pathological conditions. We will also discuss the future direction of MMP research and the necessity to exploit the knowledge of their intracellular targets and actions for the design of targeted inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad A M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York-Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Che H, Li J, Li Y, Ma C, Liu H, Qin J, Dong J, Zhang Z, Xian CJ, Miao D, Wang L, Ren Y. p16 deficiency attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by adjusting oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus cell cycle. eLife 2020; 9:52570. [PMID: 32125276 PMCID: PMC7065909 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle regulator p16 is known as a biomarker and an effector of aging. However, its function in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is unclear. In this study, p16 expression levels were found to be positively correlated with the severity of human IVDD. In a mouse tail suspension (TS)-induced IVDD model, lumbar intervertebral disc height index and matrix protein expression levels were reduced significantly were largely rescued by p16 deletion. In TS mouse discs, reactive oxygen species levels, proportions of senescent cells, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were all increased, cell cycling was delayed, and expression was downregulated for Sirt1, superoxide dismutase 1/2, cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and transcription factor E2F1/2. However, these effects were rescued by p16 deletion. Our results demonstrate that p16 plays an important role in IVDD pathogenesis and that its deletion attenuates IVDD by promoting cell cycle and inhibiting SASP, cell senescence, and oxidative stress. Neck and shoulder pain, lower back pain and leg numbness are conditions that many people will encounter as years go by. This is because intervertebral discs, the padding structures that fit between the bones in the spine, degenerate with age: their cells enter a ‘senescent’, inactive state, and stop multiplying. A protein known as p16, an important regulator of cell growth and division, is known to accumulate in senescent cells. In fact, in mouse fat tissue, muscles or eyes, removing the cells that contain high levels of p16 delays aging-associated disorders. However, it was still unknown whether deactivating the gene that codes p16 in senescent cells could delay disc degeneration. Here, Che, Li et al. discovered that p16 is highly present in the senescent cells of severely degenerated human intervertebral discs. The cells in the nucleus pulposus, the jelly-like and most critical tissue in the intervertebral discs, were extracted and grown in the lab under conditions that replicate the early stages of damage to the spine. Drugs and genetic manipulations were then used to decrease the amount of p16 in these cells. The experiments showed that reducing the levels of p16 results in the senescent cells multiplying more and showing fewer signs of damage and aging. In addition, the discs of mice in which the gene that codes for p16 had been deleted were less prone to degeneration compared to ‘normal’ mice in similar conditions. Overall, the work by Che, Li et al. shows that inhibiting p16 in disc cells delays the aging process and reduces the degeneration of intervertebral discs. These findings may one day be applicable to people with intervertebral disc diseases who, for example, could potentially benefit from a gene therapy targeting the cells which produce p16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jingyi Qin
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yongxin Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The mechanism study of lentiviral vector carrying methioninase enhances the sensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1189-1199. [PMID: 29576621 PMCID: PMC5943323 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the mechanism of lentiviral vector carrying methioninase enhances the sensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Methods Death receptors, anti-apoptotic protein, NF-κB, and TRAIL pathway-related factors were detected. The influence of LV-METase transfection on cell viability and pathway-related proteins were assessed by MTT method and western blot, respectively. Different treatments (NF-κB or caspase-3 inhibitor induction, TRAIL supplement, etc.) were performed in gastric cancer cells and the above parameters were analysed. Moreover, the connection between miR-21 and NF-κB or caspase-8 was determined by Chip and luciferase assay, respectively. LV-METase transfection drug-resistant gastric cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into mice. Results The expression of free MET, miR-21-5p, MDR1, P-gp, and DR5 was significantly increased in drug-resistant gastric cancer cell lines. When cells were transfected with LV-METase, intracellular TRAIL signalling was activated while NF-κB pathway was inhibited. Besides, enhanced TRAIL signalling or repressed NF-κB pathway can promote the sensitivity of drug-resistant strains to Cisplatin, and the combination shows more sensitive to sensitisation. LV-METase promoted TRAIL expression by reducing NF-κB, thereby contributing to the downregulation of P-gp and enhancing the susceptibility of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Furthermore, miR-21 regulated by NF-κB mediated the expression of P-gp protein via inhibiting caspase-8, thus regulating Cisplatin-induced cell death. Conclusions Our results suggest that LV-METase has potential as a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Luo B, Zhao M. Bmi‑1‑targeting suppresses osteosarcoma aggressiveness through the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7949-7958. [PMID: 28983587 PMCID: PMC5779877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and the specific causes of tumor initiation are not well understood. B‑cell‑specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 protein (Bmi‑1) has been reported to be associated with the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma, and as a prognostic indicator in the clinic. In the current study, a full‑length antibody targeting Bmi‑1 (AbBmi‑1) was produced and the preclinical value of Bmi‑1‑targeted therapy was evaluated in bone carcinoma cells and tumor xenograft mice. The results indicated that the Bmi‑1 expression level was markedly upregulated in bone cancer cell lines, and inhibition of Bmi‑1 by AbBmi‑1 reduced the invasiveness and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of Bmi‑1 promoted proliferation and angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis resistance induced by cisplatin via the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signal pathway. In addition, AbBmi‑1 treatment inhibited the tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Furthermore, AbBmi‑1 blocked NF‑κB signaling and reduced MMP‑9 expression. Furthermore, Bmi‑1 promoted osteosarcoma tumor growth, whereas AbBmi‑1 significantly inhibited osteosarcoma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, AbBmi‑1 decreased the percentages of Ki67‑positive cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling‑positive cells in tumors compared with Bmi‑1‑treated and PBS controls. Notably, MMP‑9 and NF‑κB expression were downregulated by treatment with AbBmi‑1 in MG‑63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, the data provides evidence that AbBmi‑1 inhibited the progression of osteosarcoma, suggesting that AbBmi‑1 may be a novel anti‑cancer agent through the inhibition of Bmi‑1 via activating the NF‑κB pathway in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang JH, Huang GH, Mou KJ, Zhang EE, Li N, Du L, Zhu XP, Chen L, Yang H, Zhang KB, Lv SQ. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate sensitizes U251 brain glioma cells to temozolomide via downregulation of MGMT and BCL-XL. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5135-5144. [PMID: 29098021 PMCID: PMC5652242 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) of the U251 glioma cell line. Proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis of U251 cells following treatment with PDTC and TMZ was determined by an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), B-cell lymphoma extra-large (BCL-XL) and survivin were further determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis. The results revealed that treatment with TMZ, PDTC and TMZ + PDTC significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and contributed to cell cycle arrest in U251 cells. A combination of PDTC and TMZ induced the highest rates of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. PDTC treatment markedly reduced the expression levels of MGMT, BCL-XL and survivin. The expression levels of MGMT and BCL-XL, were significantly upregulated by TMZ but not by combination treatment of TMZ and PDTC. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with PDTC inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and enhances sensitivity to TMZ in U251 cells, which is partly induced by downregulation of MGMT and BCL-XL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Eric Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Li
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nuclear matrix metalloproteinases: functions resemble the evolution from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17036. [PMID: 28811933 PMCID: PMC5554797 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is defined as an endopeptidase in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays essential roles in physiological processes such as organogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis, apoptosis and motility. MMPs are produced and assembled in the cytoplasm as proenzymes with a cytoplasmic domain and require extracellular activation. MMPs can degrade receptors, extracellular matrix proteins, PARPs and release apoptotic substances. MMPs have been found in the cytosol, organelles and extracellular compartments and recently many types of MMPs have been found in the nucleus. However, the mechanisms and roles of MMPs inside the cell nucleus are still poorly understood. Here we summarized the nuclear localization mechanisms of MMPs and their functions in the nucleus such as apoptosis, tissue remodeling upon injury and cancer progression. Most importantly, we found that nuclear MMPs have evolved to translocate to membrane and target ECM possibly through evolution of nuclear localization signal (NLS), natural selection and anti-apoptotic survival. Thus, the knowledge about the evolution and regulation of nuclear MMPs appears to be essential in understanding a variety of cellular processes along with the development of MMP-targeted therapeutic drugs against the progression of certain diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Milani R, Brognara E, Fabbri E, Finotti A, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Marzaro G, Chilin A, Lee KKH, Kok SHL, Chui CH, Gambari R. Corilagin Induces High Levels of Apoptosis in the Temozolomide-Resistant T98G Glioma Cell Line. Oncol Res 2017; 26:1307-1315. [PMID: 28474573 PMCID: PMC7844640 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14928634401187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has a high mortality rate. No curative treatment is presently available, and the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), is only able to increase life expectancy and is often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, an urgent need does exist for novel drugs aimed at treating gliomas. In the present study, we obtained three major results using corilagin: (a) demonstrated that it inhibits the growth of U251 glioma cells through activation of the apoptotic pathway; (b) demonstrated that it is also active on TMZ-resistant T98G glioma cells; and (c) demonstrated that when used in combination with TMZ on T98G glioma cells, a higher level of proapototic and antiproliferative effects is observed. Our study indicates that corilagin should be investigated in more detail to determine whether it can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent. In addition, our results suggest that corilagin could be used in combination with low doses of other standard anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs against gliomas (such as TMZ) with the aim of obtaining enhanced anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Milani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brognara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Stanton Hon-Lung Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Chung-Hin Chui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Wei C, Li J, Liu J, Qu J. MicroRNA-194 represses glioma cell epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition by targeting Bmi1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1593-1600. [PMID: 28098896 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-194 (miR-194) is frequently dysregulated in many types of cancer. However, the function of miR-194 in glioma remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the biological functions of miR-194 in glioma and the potential molecular mechanism of miR-194 involved in glioma progression. We found that miR-194 expression was significantly reduced in glioma specimens and cell lines, as detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The overexpression of miR-194 inhibited while the suppression of miR-194 promoted cell migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi1) was a direct target of miR-194, which was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The restoration of Bmi1 expression significantly abrogated the suppressive effect of miR-194 on glioma cell EMT. Taken together, the present study suggests that miR-194 inhibits glioma cell EMT by targeting Bmi1 providing novel insights into understanding the pathogenesis of glioma. The restoration of miR-194 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yi WR, Li ZH, Qi BW, Ernest MER, Hu X, Yu AX. Downregulation of IDH2 exacerbates the malignant progression of osteosarcoma cells via increased NF-κB and MMP-9 activation. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2277-85. [PMID: 26782630 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. It is considered to be a novel tumor suppressor in several types of tumors. However, the role and related mechanism of IDH2 in osteosarcoma remain unknown. The expression and significance of IDH2 were investigated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin sections from 44 osteosarcoma patients. IDH2 was downregulated via lentiviral vector‑mediated RNA interference (RNAi) in the Saos-2 and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell lines. The effect of IDH2 downregulation on human osteosarcoma was studied in vitro by MTT, flow cytometry and invasion assays. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) assays were also used to study the likely molecular mechanism of IDH2 downregulation on the malignant progression of osteosarcoma cells. The results revealed that the expression of IDH2 was inversely correlated with pathological grade and metastasis in osteosarcoma. IDH2 downregulation promoted a pro-proliferative effect on the Saos-2 and MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines. IDH2 downregulation accelerated cell cycle progression from S to G2/M phase. The pro-proliferative effect induced by IDH2 downregulation may be ascribed to increased NF-κB activity via IκBα phosphorylation. The invasive activity of osteosarcoma cells was also significantly promoted by IDH2 downregulation and may result from elevated MMP-9 activity. In conclusion, IDH2 downregulation may exacerbate malignant progression via increased NF-κB and MMP-9 activity and may implicate the potential biological importance of IDH2 targeting in osteosarcoma cells. Downregulation of IDH2 exacerbates the malignant progression of osteosarcoma cells via increased NF-κB and MMP-9 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Huan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Wen Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Mendame Ehya Regis Ernest
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Interplay of Reactive Oxygen Species, Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Sirtuins in Cancer Initiation and Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3907147. [PMID: 26798421 PMCID: PMC4699039 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3907147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of ROS is a constant feature in living cells metabolizing O2. ROS concentration and compartmentation determine their physiological or pathological effects. ROS overproduction is a feature of cancer cells and plays several roles during the natural history of malignant tumor. ROS continuously contribute to each step of cancerogenesis, from the initiation to the malignant progression, acting directly or indirectly. In this review, we will (a) underline the role of ROS in the pathway leading a normal cell to tumor transformation and progression, (b) define the multiple roles of ROS during the natural history of a tumor, (c) conciliate many conflicting data about harmful or beneficial effects of ROS, (d) rethink the importance of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations in relation to the malignant progression, and (e) collocate all the cancer hallmarks in a mechanistic sequence which could represent a "physiological" response to the initial growth of a transformed stem/pluripotent cell, defining also the role of ROS in each hallmark. We will provide a simplified sketch about the relationships between ROS and cancer. The attention will be focused on the contribution of ROS to the signaling of HIF, NFκB, and Sirtuins as a leitmotif of cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
|
15
|
XU XU, HU YU, NI JIANLONG, HU SHUIJUN, JIANG ZHI, XU LAN, LIU CHUNLIANG, HUA DONG, WU SHILIANG. 3′-Azidothymidine may potently inhibit the biosynthesis of polylactosamine chains on highly glycosylated-CD147 and reduce matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in SGC-7901 and U251 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4713-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|