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Chen M, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li S, Zhou J, Shen J. The Roles of Embryonic Transcription Factor BRACHYURY in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:961. [PMID: 32695672 PMCID: PMC7338565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor brachyury, with a DNA-binding T-domain, regulates posterior mesoderm formation and notochord development through binding with highly conserved palindromic consensus sequence in a variety of organisms. The absence of brachyury expression in majority of adult normal tissues and exclusive tumor-specific expression provides the potential to be developed into a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer. As a sensitive and specific marker in the diagnosis of chordoma, brachyury protein has been verified to involve in the process of carcinogenesis and progression of chordoma and several epithelial carcinomas in various studies, but the mechanism by which brachyury promotes tumor cells migrate, invade and metastasis still remains less clear. To this end, we attempt to summarize the literature on the upstream regulatory pathway of brachyury transcription and downstream controlling network by brachyury activation, all of which involve in both the embryonic development and tumor progression. We present the respective correlation of brachyury expression with tumor progression, distant metastasis, survival rate and prognosis in several types of tumor samples (including chordoma, lung cancer, breast carcinoma, and prostate cancer), and various brachyury gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments are summarized to explore its specific role in respective tumor cell line in vitro. In addition, we also discuss another two programs relating to brachyury function: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle control, both of which implicate in the regulation of brachyury on biological behavior of tumor cells. This review will provide an overview of the function of master transcriptional factor brachyury, compare the similarities and differences of its role between embryonic development and carcinogenesis, and list the evidence on which brachyury-target therapies have the potential to help control advanced cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Mukaida N, Sasaki SI, Baba T. CCL4 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1231:23-32. [PMID: 32060843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36667-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CCL4, a CC chemokine, previously known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, has diverse effects on various types of immune and nonimmune cells by the virtue of its interaction with its specific receptor, CCR5, in collaboration with related but distinct CC chemokines such as CCL3 and CCL5, which can also bind CCR5. Several lines of evidence indicate that CCL4 can promote tumor development and progression by recruiting regulatory T cells and pro-tumorigenic macrophages, and acting on other resident cells present in the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, to facilitate their pro-tumorigenic capacities. These observations suggest the potential efficacy of CCR5 antagonists for cancer treatment. On the contrary, under some situations, CCL4 can enhance tumor immunity by recruiting cytolytic lymphocytes and macrophages with phagocytic ability. Thus, presently, the clinical application of CCR5 antagonists warrants more detailed analysis of the role of CCL4 and other CCR5-binding chemokines in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - So-Ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Liu X, Miao Z, Wang Z, Zhao T, Xu Y, Song Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Xu H, Wu J, Xu H. TBX2 overexpression promotes proliferation and invasion through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:723-729. [PMID: 30651856 PMCID: PMC6307397 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the clinical significance and biological effects of T-box (TBX)2 and its potential mechanism in gastric cancer (GC). TBX2 protein expression levels in human GC tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry, and it was demonstrated that TBX2 was overexpressed in 55.9% (90/161) GC samples. TBX2 overexpression correlated with tumor invasion, advanced tumor node metastasis stage and presence of lymph node metastasis. In addition, TBX2 correlated with poor patient survival. To investigate the effect of TBX2 on biological behaviors, TBX2 plasmid transfection was performed in SGC-7901 cells and TBX2 small interfering RNA knockdown was carried out in BGC-823 cells. MTT and matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that TBX2 overexpression promoted proliferation and invasion, whereas TBX2 depletion inhibited proliferation and invasion. TBX2 overexpression also promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating E-cadherin and upregulating N-cadherin. TBX2 overexpression also upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, cyclin E and phosphorylated-extracellular signal regulated kinase levels, however downregulated p21. In conclusion, TBX2 may serve as an effective predictor and therapeutic target in human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Li L, Liu YD, Zhan YT, Zhu YH, Li Y, Xie D, Guan XY. High levels of CCL2 or CCL4 in the tumor microenvironment predict unfavorable survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:775-784. [PMID: 29722145 PMCID: PMC6026602 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor‐associated immune factors are heterogeneous and play an important role in determining outcome in cancer patients. In this study, the expression levels of immune factors in tumor tissue‐conditioned media from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were analyzed. Methods LUAD and LUSC tissue specimens were collected immediately after surgery for antibody array analysis and real‐time quantitative PCR. Results Higher levels of chemokines MCP1/CCL2 (21.11‐fold increase) and MIP‐1β/CCL4 (19.33‐fold increase) were identified in LUAD than in LUSC. Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR analyses showed higher co‐expression of CCL2 and CCL4 in LUAD tissues compared to LUSC (P < 0.0001). Immunofluorescent co‐staining showed a high percentage of CCL2+/CD68+ and CCL4+/CD68+ tumor‐associated macrophages in LUAD compared to LUSC tissues, which might be responsible for the higher expression of CCL2 and CCL4 in LUAD samples. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that CCL2 overexpression in patients with LUSC was associated with beneficial overall survival (OS; P = 0.048) and progression‐free survival (PFS; P = 0.012); however, LUAD patients with higher CCL2 expression had unfavorable OS (P = 6.7e−08) and PFS (P = 0.00098). Similarly, CCL4 overexpression predicted favorable PFS (P = 0.021) in patients with LUSC, but patients with high CCL4 levels in LUAD had shorter OS (P = 0.013). Conclusion Our study revealed that CCL2 and CCL4 expression levels could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology, South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Pierini S, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Pol JG, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Facciabene A, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1398878. [PMID: 29209575 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based vaccination is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. DNA-based vaccines specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are indeed relatively simple to produce, cost-efficient and well tolerated. However, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy is considerably limited by central and peripheral tolerance. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development and characterization of novel DNA-based vaccines that would circumvent this obstacle. In this setting, particular attention has been dedicated to the route of administration, expression of modified TAAs, co-expression of immunostimulatory molecules, and co-delivery of immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we review preclinical and clinical progress on DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wang Z, Wang N, Liu X, Wang Q, Xu B, Liu P, Zhu H, Chen J, Situ H, Lin Y. Broadleaf Mahonia attenuates granulomatous lobular mastitis‑associated inflammation by inhibiting CCL‑5 expression in macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:340-352. [PMID: 29138800 PMCID: PMC5746325 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a type of chronic mammary inflammation with unclear etiology. Currently systematic corticosteroids and methitrexate are considered as the main drugs for GLM treatment, but a high toxicity and risk of recurrence greatly limit their application. It is therefore an urgent requirement that safe and efficient natural drugs are found to improve the GLM prognosis. Broadleaf Mahonia (BM) is a traditional Chinese herb that is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties according to ancient records of traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigated this belief and demonstrated that BM significantly inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells, but had little influence on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide was also blocked following BM treatment, accompanied with decreased activity of nuclear factor-κB and MAPK signaling. A cytokine array further validated that BM exhibited significant inhibitory effects on several chemoattractants, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, CCL-5 and secreted tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, among which CCL-5 exhibited the highest inhibition ratio in cell and clinical GLM specimens. Collectively, the results show that BM is a novel effective anti-inflammatory herb in vitro and ex vivo, and that CCL-5 may be closely associated with GLM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Neng Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat‑Sen Univeristy Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Pengxi Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 00852, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Situ
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Buchta CM, Boi SK, Miller BJ, Milhem MM, Norian LA. Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Protumorigenic Systemic Environment in Sarcoma Subjects. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:20-28. [PMID: 29202127 PMCID: PMC5711445 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare but fatal tumor type that accounts for <1% of adult solid malignancies and ~15% of childhood malignancies. Although the use of immunotherapy is being actively investigated for other solid tumors, advances in immunotherapy for sarcoma patients are lacking. To better understand the systemic immune environment in sarcoma patients, we performed a detailed multiplex analysis of serum cytokines, chemokines, and protumorigenic factors from treatment-naive subjects with localized, high-grade sarcoma. Because obesity is a major healthcare issue in the United States, we additionally examined the effects of obesity on serum protein profiles in our sarcoma subject cohort. We found that the systemic host environment is profoundly altered to favor tumor progression, with epidermal growth factor, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor A, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1β all increased relative to tumor-free controls (all p < 0.05). Surprisingly, we found that obesity did not exacerbate this protumorigenic profile, as epidermal growth factor and IL-8 decreased with increasing subject body mass index (both p < 0.05 versus normal or overweight subjects). The Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were also decreased in the presence of obesity. Thus, although the systemic environment in sarcoma subjects favors tumor progression, obesity does not further aggravate the production of protumorigenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Buchta
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Shannon K Boi
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Immunology Theme, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Benjamin J Miller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mohammed M Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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