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Liu S, Li W, Chen J, Li M, Geng Y, Liu Y, Wu W. The footprint of gut microbiota in gallbladder cancer: a mechanistic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374238. [PMID: 38774627 PMCID: PMC11106419 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system with the worst prognosis. Even after radical surgery, the majority of patients with GBC have difficulty achieving a clinical cure. The risk of tumor recurrence remains more than 65%, and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. The gut microbiota refers to a variety of microorganisms living in the human intestine, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, which profoundly affect the host state of general health, disease and even cancer. Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has supported that gut microbiota plays a critical role in promoting the progression of GBC. In this review, we summarize the functions, molecular mechanisms and recent advances of the intestinal microbiota in GBC. We focus on the driving role of bacteria in pivotal pathways, such as virulence factors, metabolites derived from intestinal bacteria, chronic inflammatory responses and ecological niche remodeling. Additionally, we emphasize the high level of correlation between viruses and fungi, especially EBV and Candida spp., with GBC. In general, this review not only provides a solid theoretical basis for the close relationship between gut microbiota and GBC but also highlights more potential research directions for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Liu
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
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Lim KPK, Lee AJL, Jiang X, Teng TZJ, Shelat VG. The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: A review. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2023; 27:241-250. [PMID: 37357161 PMCID: PMC10472116 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.22-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative pathogen commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection has also been reported in cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and biliary tract cancers. However, the association between H. pylori and gallbladder and biliary tract pathologies remains unclear due to the paucity of literature. In response to the current literature gap, we aim to review and provide an updated summary of the association between H. pylori with gallbladder and biliary tract diseases and its impact on their clinical management. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We found that H. pylori infection was associated with cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cholangitis but not with gallbladder polyps. While causal links have been reported, prospective longitudinal studies are required to conclude the association between H. pylori and gallbladder pathologies. Clinicians should be aware of the implications that H. pylori infection has on the management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klay Puay Khim Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Aaron Jia Loong Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xiuting Jiang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Thomas Zheng Jie Teng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vishal G. Shelat
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Wang Y, Imran A, Shami A, Chaudhary AA, Khan S. Decipher the Helicobacter pylori Protein Targeting in the Nucleus of Host Cell and their Implications in Gallbladder Cancer: An insilico approach. J Cancer 2021; 12:7214-7222. [PMID: 34729122 PMCID: PMC8558644 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Researchers have investigated that specific strains of bacteria are connected with growth of different types of cancers in human. Some reports show possible implication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the etiology of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Their enigmatic mechanisms, nevertheless, are not still well clear. We sought to predict whether various proteins of H. pylori targeted to nucleus of host cells and their implication in growth of gallbladder cancer. GBC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. We applied bioinformatics approach to analyze the H. pylori proteins targeting into the nucleus of host cells using different bioinformatics predictors including nuclear localization signal (NLS) mapper Balanced Subcellular Localization (BaCelLo) and Hum-mPLoc 2.0. Various nuclear targeting proteins may have a potential role in GBC etiology during intracellular infection. We identified 46 H. pylori proteins targeted into nucleus of host cell through bioinformatics tools. These H. pylori nucleus-targeting proteins might alter the normal function of host cells by disturbing the different pathways including replication, transcription, translation etc. Various nucleus-targeted proteins can affect the normal growth and development of infected cells. We propose that H. pylori proteins targeting into the nucleus of host cells regulate GBC growth using different strategies. These integrative bioinformatics research demonstrated several H. pylori proteins that may serve as possible targets or biomarkers for early cure and treatment or diagnosis GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450008, China
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11617, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.,Department of Bioscience, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, UP, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Miranda-Filho A, Piñeros M, Ferreccio C, Adsay V, Soerjomataram I, Bray F, Koshiol J. Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers in the Americas: Incidence and mortality patterns and trends. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:978-989. [PMID: 31922259 PMCID: PMC8629410 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trends in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in populations across the Americas can provide insight into shifting epidemiologic patterns and the current and potential impact of preventative and curative programs. Estimates of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2018 were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN database for 185 countries. Recorded registry-based incidence from 13 countries was extracted from IARCs Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series and corresponding national deaths from the WHO mortality database. Among females, the highest estimated incidence for gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer in the Americas were found in Bolivia (21.0 per 100,000), Chile (11.7) and Peru (6.0). In the US, the highest incidence rates were observed among Hispanics (1.8). In the Chilean population, gallbladder cancer rates declined in both females and males between 1998 and 2012. Rates dropped slightly in Canada, Costa Rica, US Whites and Hispanics in Los Angeles. Gallbladder cancer mortality rates also decreased across the studied countries, although rising trends were observed in Colombia and Canada after 2010. Countries within Southern and Central America tended to have a higher proportion of unspecified biliary tract cancers. In public health terms, the decline in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates is encouraging. However, the slight increase in mortality rates during recent years in Colombia and Canada warrant further attention. Higher proportions of unspecified biliary tract cancers (with correspondingly higher mortality rates) suggest more rigorous pathology procedures may be needed after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Miranda-Filho
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Marion Piñeros
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago-Chile
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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The oncogenic roles of bacterial infections in development of cancer. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:104019. [PMID: 32006638 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of cancer is interconnected with different factors like infections. It has been estimated that infections, particularly viruses, participate in about 20% of all cancers. Bacteria as the most common infectious agents are also reported to be emerging players in the establishment of malignant cells. Microbial infections are able to modulate host cell transformation for promoting malignant features through the production of carcinogenic metabolites participating in inflammation responses, disruption of cell metabolism, and integrity and also genomic or epigenetic manipulations. It seems that the best example of the role of bacteria in cancer promotion is Helicobacter pylori infection, which is related to gastric cancer. World Health Organization (WHO) describes bacterium as class I carcinogens. Several bacterial infections have been reported in association with prevalent cancers. In this review, we will summarize the role of known bacterial infections in the initiation of the main common cancers, which show high mortality in the world. Examining the microbiomes in cancer patients is important and necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and also to plan therapeutic interventions.
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Cherif S, Rais H, Hakmaoui A, Sellami S, Elantri S, Amine A. Linking Helicobacter pylori with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in Moroccan population using clinical and pathological profiles. Bioinformation 2019; 15:735-743. [PMID: 31831956 PMCID: PMC6900325 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to assess the clinical and pathological aspects of Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinomas confirmed by histological data. It is also of further interest to evaluate the link between Helicobacter pylori and biliary tract cancers. Eighty-nine (89) cases (mean age 60±12 years) of Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer confirmed by histological data were enrolled for the study at the Department of Pathology in Mohammed VI University Hospital, in Morocco. The data such as age, sex, clinical and histo pathological features were collected. Bile duct specimens were investigated for H. pylori using Giemsa and immuno histo chemistry staining. Results show that bile duct stones were found in 53.9% of cases. It is known using histological data that adeno carcinoma is common accounting for 70 % of all bile duct tumors. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori was detected in 54% of cases linking with the presence of bile duct stones characterized by the histological subtype, the macroscopic classification and lymph node's presence (p<0.001). Thus, data collected suggest the potential association of Helicobacter pylori with gallbladder cancer possibly through the formation of bile duct stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Cherif
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
- Department of Gynecology, Charite University Medicine, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanane Rais
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalk Hakmaoui
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Souad Sellami
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Elantri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
| | - Abdessamad Amine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
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Ari A, Tatar C, Yarikkaya E. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori-positivity in the gallbladder and stomach and effect on gallbladder pathologies. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4904-4910. [PMID: 31434515 PMCID: PMC6833382 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519847345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori commonly occurs in the stomach, but localizations outside the stomach and related diseases have also been investigated. However, the relationship between H. pylori and gallstones remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationships between H. pylori in the stomach and the gallbladder and gallstones. Methods This prospective case-control study included patients who underwent cholecystectomy because of gallstones, pancreatic head cancer, or hepatic resection. The patients were separated into two groups according to the detection of H. pylori in gallbladder samples using Giemsa staining. Stomach H. pylori status was based on previous gastroscopy. Results The study enrolled 60 patients, comprising 27 patients with gallstones and 33 without. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gallstones between patients with or without H. pylori in the stomach or gallbladder. Furthermore, the presence of H. pylori in the stomach was measured in 14 patients and was significantly correlated with H. pylori in the gallbladder. Conclusion The current study showed no relationship between the occurrence of gallstones and the presence of H. pylori in either the gallbladder or the stomach. In contrast to previous reports, this suggests that H. pylori does not play a role in the development of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ari
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihad Tatar
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enver Yarikkaya
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, gallbladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 1.2% of all global cancer diagnoses, but 1.7% of all cancer deaths. Only 1 in 5 GBC cases in the United States is diagnosed at an early stage, and median survival for advanced stage cancer is no more than about a year. The incidence of the disease is increasing in the developed world. Gallstones, biliary cysts, carcinogen exposure, typhoid, and Helicobacter pylori infection, and abnormal pancreaticobiliary duct junctions are all risk factors, many of which account for its geographical, ethnic and sex distribution. Genetics also plays a strong role, as about a quarter of GBC cases are considered familial, and certain ethnicities, such as Native Americans, are at far higher risk for the neoplasm. Prevention includes weight loss, vaccination against and treatment of bacterial infections, early detection and elimination of polyps and cysts, and avoidance of oral estrogen replacement therapy.
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Sharma A, Sharma KL, Gupta A, Yadav A, Kumar A. Gallbladder cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics: Recent update. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3978-3998. [PMID: 28652652 PMCID: PMC5473118 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a malignancy of biliary tract which is infrequent in developed countries but common in some specific geographical regions of developing countries. Late diagnosis and deprived prognosis are major problems for treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. The dramatic associations of this orphan cancer with various genetic and environmental factors are responsible for its poorly defined pathogenesis. An understanding to the relationship between epidemiology, molecular genetics and pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer can add new insights to its undetermined pathophysiology. Present review article provides a recent update regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics of gallbladder cancer. We systematically reviewed published literature on gallbladder cancer from online search engine PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Various keywords used for retrieval of articles were Gallbladder, cancer Epidemiology, molecular genetics and bullion operators like AND, OR, NOT. Cross references were manually searched from various online search engines (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed,https://scholar.google.co.in/, http://www.medline.com/home.jsp). Most of the articles published from 1982 to 2015 in peer reviewed journals have been included in this review.
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Choi YS, Do JH, Seo SW, Lee SE, Oh HC, Min YJ, Kang H. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gallbladder Polypoid Lesions in a Healthy Population. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1370-5. [PMID: 27593864 PMCID: PMC5011268 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of and investigate the risk factors for gallbladder (GB) polypoid lesions in a healthy population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23827 subjects who underwent abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with health screening examinations were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence of risk factors for GB polypoid lesions were evaluated. In addition, risk factors according to the number of polypoid lesions and the presence of stones with polypoid lesions were investigated. To analyze these risk factors, a control group was established with a 1:2 ratio matched for age and sex. RESULTS The prevalence of GB polypoid lesions was identified as 9.96%. On multivariate analysis, chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) were risk factors for GB polypoid lesions. CHB and MS were also significant independent risk factors for multiple GB polypoid lesions when compared with solitary GB polypoid lesions. In addition, gastric Helicobacter pylori infection and MS were significant risk factors for GB polypoid lesions with stones when compared with GB polypoid lesions without stones. CONCLUSION The prevalence of GB polypoid lesions in a healthy Korean population was 9.96%. Patients with CHB and MS need to be carefully examined for such lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Shin Choi
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Suk Won Seo
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Joo Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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The Role of H. pylori CagA in Regulating Hormones of Functional Dyspepsia Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7150959. [PMID: 27840636 PMCID: PMC5093276 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7150959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) colonizes the stomachs of approximately 20%–80% of humans throughout the world. The Word Healthy Organization (WHO) classified H. pylori as a group 1 carcinogenic factor in 1994. Recently, an increasing number of studies has shown an association between H. pylori infection and various extragastric diseases. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered a biopsychosocial disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis, and studies have shown that infection with CagA-positive H. pylori strains could explain some of the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Moreover, CagA-positive H. pylori strains have been shown to affect the secretion of several hormones, including 5-HT, ghrelin, dopamine, and gastrin, and altered levels of these hormones might be the cause of the psychological disorders of functional dyspepsia patients. This review describes the mutual effects of H. pylori and hormones in functional dyspepsia and provides new insight into the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.
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Lipopolysaccharide-pathway proteins are associated with gallbladder cancer among adults in Shanghai, China with mediation by systemic inflammation. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:704-709. [PMID: 27793274 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined inflammation as a mediator of associations between bacterial infection markers and gallbladder cancer (GBC). METHODS Bacterial response proteins (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14], and LPS-binding protein [LBP]) were measured in 40 GBC cases and 126 gallstone controls with data on 63 serum inflammation markers. The relationships of LPS, LBP, and sCD14 with GBC were examined by logistic regression, which also was used to evaluate whether these associations are influenced by systemic inflammation as measured by a combinatorial inflammation score. RESULTS The third versus the first tertiles of sCD14 and of LBP were associated with an increased GBC risk (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.41 [2.00-16.75] for sCD14, and 6.49 [2.24-23.79] for LBP). sCD14 and LBP were strongly associated with inflammation score (above vs. below the median), which itself was associated with a more than 21-fold increased risk of GBC for the third versus first tertiles. Associations between GBC and sCD14 and LBP were markedly attenuated when the inflammation score was included in the model. While LPS was not associated with GBC or inflammation, only 35% of cases and 22% of controls had detectable levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that these LPS-pathway proteins are associated with GBC via inflammation-related pathways.
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Venerito M, Vasapolli R, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Timing and Impact of Preventive Measures. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 908:409-18. [PMID: 27573783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram negative spiraliform bacterium that is commonly found in the stomach. H. pylori infection is still one of the world's most frequent infections, present in the stomachs of approximately one-half of the world's people. H. pylori infection is etiologically linked to histologic chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and primary B-cell gastric lymphoma (gastric MALT lymphoma) and represents the major risk factor for the development of sporadic non-cardia gastric cancer (GC) of both intestinal and diffuse type. Studies that have examined the impact of GC prevention through H. pylori eradication have shown mixed results, but recent data suggest that prevention is only efficacious in patients without intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia. This indicates that, like in Barrett's esophagus, we need better clinical risk markers to indicate which patients are at greatest risk of developing cancer to guide clinical strategies. Furthermore, recent epidemiological data have suggested a possible contribution of H. pylori in modifying the risk of developing other gastrointestinal malignancies (including esophageal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer), although mechanistically these associations remain unexplained. We review clinically relevant aspects of H. pylori infection in the context of GC development as well as studies that have examined the impact of eradication on GC development and, lastly, discuss these recent epidemiological studies connecting H. pylori infection to extragastric gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Riccardo Vasapolli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
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Venerito M, Vasapolli R, Rokkas T, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori and Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Helicobacter 2015; 20 Suppl 1:36-9. [PMID: 26372823 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the principal trigger of gastric carcinogenesis and gastric cancer (GC) and remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes worldwide. In a big Japanese study, the risk of developing GC in patients with peptic ulcer disease who received H. pylori eradication therapy and annual endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 9.9 years was significantly lower after successful eradication therapy compared to the group with persistent infection (0.21%/year and 0.45%/year, respectively, p = .049). According to a recent meta-analysis, H. pylori eradication is insufficient in GC risk reduction in subjects with advanced precancerous conditions (i.e., intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia). A microsimulation model suggested screening smokers over the age of 50 in the U.S. for serum pepsinogens. This would allow to detect advanced gastric atrophy with endoscopic follow-up of subjects testing positive as a cost-effective strategy to reduce GC mortality. In a Taiwanese study, the anti-H. pylori IgG-based test-and-treat program had lower incremental cost-effectiveness ratios than that with (13)C-urea breath test in both sexes to prevent GC whereas expected years of life lost for GC were higher and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of test-and-treat programs were more cost-effective in young adults (30-69 years old) than in elders (>70 years old). With respect to gastrointestinal malignancies other than GC, a meta-analysis confirmed the inverse association between H. pylori infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma. In a Finnish study, H. pylori seropositivity was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancers (multivariate adjusted OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.08-6.37), another meta-analysis showed a slightly increased rate of pancreatic cancer in patients with CagA-negative strains (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.65), whereas current data suggest that the association between H. pylori and colorectal neoplasms may be population dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Vasapolli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
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