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Xu JY, Fan JX, Hu M, Zeng J. Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16130. [PMID: 37786582 PMCID: PMC10541808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Xu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Min Hu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Wang R, Ha KY, Dhandapani S, Kim YJ. Biologically synthesized black ginger-selenium nanoparticle induces apoptosis and autophagy of AGS gastric cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:441. [PMID: 36209164 PMCID: PMC9548198 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a promising strategy, current chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) is limited due to adverse side effects and poor survival rates. Therefore, new drug-delivery platforms with good biocompatibility are needed. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticle-based drug delivery can be safe, eco-friendly, and nontoxic making them attractive candidates. Here, we develop a novel selenium-nanoparticle based drug-delivery agent for cancer treatment from plant extracts and selenium salts. RESULTS Selenium cations were reduced to selenium nanoparticles using Kaempferia parviflora (black ginger) root extract and named KP-SeNP. Transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum were utilized to confirm the physicochemical features of the nanoparticles. The KP-SeNPs showed significant cytotoxicity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell (AGS cells) but not in normal cells. We determined that the intracellular signaling pathway mechanisms associated with the anticancer effects of KP-SeNPs involve the upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling markers, such as B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-associated X protein, and caspase 3 in AGS cells. KP-SeNPs also caused autophagy of AGS by increasing the autophagic flux-marker protein, LC3B-II, whilst inhibiting autophagic cargo protein, p62. Additionally, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway markers and downstream targets was decreased in KP-SeNP-treated AGS cells. AGS-cell xenograft model results further validated our in vitro findings, showing that KP-SeNPs are biologically safe and exert anticancer effects via autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that KP-SeNPs treatment of AGS cells induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suppressing GC progression. Thus, our research strongly suggests that KP-SeNPs could act as a novel potential therapeutic agent for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Wang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Yun Ha
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeevram Dhandapani
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ghavami S, Zamani M, Ahmadi M, Erfani M, Dastghaib S, Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Vakili O, Siri M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Zarghooni M, Wiechec E, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166512. [PMID: 35931405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to manage gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Considering the effective molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth, the therapeutic response is pivotal in this process. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that acts as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and tumor inhibition in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the stage of malignancy and cellular origin of the tumor, autophagy might result in cancer cell survival or death during the GICs' progression. Moreover, autophagy can prevent the progression of GIC in the early stages but leads to chemoresistance in advanced stages. Therefore, targeting specific arms of autophagy could be a promising strategy in the prevention of chemoresistance and treatment of GIC. It has been revealed that autophagy is a cytoplasmic event that is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation inside the nucleus. The effect of epigenetic regulation (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cellular fate is still not completely understood. Recent findings have indicated that epigenetic alterations can modify several genes and modulators, eventually leading to inhibition or promotion of autophagy in different cancer stages, and mediating chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. The current review focuses on the links between autophagy and epigenetics in GICs and discusses: 1) How autophagy and epigenetics are linked in GICs, by considering different epigenetic mechanisms; 2) how epigenetics may be involved in the alteration of cancer-related phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and 3) how epidrugs modulate autophagy in GICs to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Zhang Y, Gao LX, Wang W, Zhang T, Dong FY, Ding WP. M 6 A Demethylase FTO Regulates Cisplatin Resistance of Gastric Cancer by Modulating Autophagy Activation via ULK1. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3085-3096. [PMID: 35730319 PMCID: PMC9459343 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is an important factor for treatment failure of gastric cancer. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the predominant mRNA internal modification in eukaryotes. The roles of m6A modification in drug resistance of gastric cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the m6A methylated RNA level was significantly decreased while the expression of m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) was obviously elevated in cisplatin‐resistant (SGC‐7901/DDP) gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of FTO reversed cisplatin resistance of SGC‐7901/DDP cells both in vitro and in vivo, which was attributed to the inhibition of Unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1)‐mediated autophagy. Mechanistically, ULK1 expression was regulated in an FTO‐m6A‐dependent and YTHDF2‐mediated manner. Collectively, our findings indicate that the FTO/ULK1 axis exerts crucial roles in cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Aflliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Ling-Xi Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Aflliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Aflliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Aflliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Fang-Yi Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The First Aflliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
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5
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Yang S, Zhang J, Chen D, Cao J, Zheng Y, Han Y, Jin Y, Wang S, Wang T, Ma L, Luo T, Wang Y, Qin W, Dong L. CARM1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating TFE3 mediated autophagy enhancement through the cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and nuclear AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:102. [PMID: 35246137 PMCID: PMC8895580 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of CARM1 in tumors is inconsistent. It acts as an oncogene in most cancers but it inhibits the progression of liver and pancreatic cancers. CARM1 has recently been reported to regulate autophagy, but this function is also context-dependent. However, the effect of CARM1 on gastric cancer (GC) has not been studied. We aimed to explore whether CARM1 was involved in the progression of GC by regulating autophagy. METHODS The clinical values of CARM1 and autophagy in GC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and western blotting were employed to identify autophagy. The role of CARM1 in GC was investigated by CCK-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the interaction of CARM1 and TFE3. RESULTS CARM1 was upregulated in clinical GC tissues and cell lines, and higher CARM1 expression predicted worse prognosis. CARM1 enhanced GC cell proliferation, facilitated G1-S transition and inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Importantly, treatment with a CARM1 inhibitor rescued the tumor-promoting effects of CARM1 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CARM1 promoted TFE3 nuclear translocation to induce autophagy through the cytoplasmic AMPK-mTOR and nuclear AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION CARM1 promoted GC cell proliferation, accelerated G1-S transition and reduced ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. Mechanistically, CARM1 triggered autophagy by facilitating TFE3 nuclear translocation through the AMPK-mTOR and AMPK-CARM1-TFE3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Han
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Rahman MDH, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Action of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Managements: Novel Treatment Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:813703. [PMID: 35153766 PMCID: PMC8834883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.813703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), second most leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally, is the cancer of gastrointestinal tract in which malignant cells form in lining of the stomach, resulting in indigestion, pain, and stomach discomfort. Autophagy is an intracellular system in which misfolded, aggregated, and damaged proteins, as well as organelles, are degraded by the lysosomal pathway, and avoiding abnormal accumulation of huge quantities of harmful cellular constituents. However, the exact molecular mechanism of autophagy-mediated GC management has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we emphasized the role of autophagy in the modulation and development of GC transformation in addition to underlying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy-mediated regulation of GC. Accumulating evidences have revealed that targeting autophagy by small molecule activators or inhibitors has become one of the greatest auspicious approaches for GC managements. Particularly, it has been verified that phytochemicals play an important role in treatment as well as prevention of GC. However, use of combination therapies of autophagy modulators in order to overcome the drug resistance through GC treatment will provide novel opportunities to develop promising GC therapeutic approaches. In addition, investigations of the pathophysiological mechanism of GC with potential challenges are urgently needed, as well as limitations of the modulation of autophagy-mediated therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this review, we would like to deliver an existing standard molecular treatment strategy focusing on the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and autophagy, which will help to improve the current treatments of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Zhang X, Feng WH. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Evades Antiviral Innate Immunity via MicroRNAs Regulation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:804264. [PMID: 34975824 PMCID: PMC8714953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important diseases in pigs, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs involved in regulating gene expressions at the post-transcriptional levels. A variety of host miRNAs are dysregulated and exploited by PRRSV to escape host antiviral surveillance and help virus infection. In addition, PRRSV might encode miRNAs. In this review, we will summarize current progress on how PRRSV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasions. Increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs in immune evasion will improve our understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis and help us develop new treatments for PRRSV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Nozhat Z, Heydarzadeh S, Memariani Z, Ahmadi A. Chemoprotective and chemosensitizing effects of apigenin on cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:574. [PMID: 34715860 PMCID: PMC8555304 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy is one of the major obstacles in cancer treatment. Although synthetic radiosensitizers are pragmatic solution to enhance tumor sensitivity, they pose concerns of toxicity and non-specificity. In the last decades, scientists scrutinized novel plant-derived radiosensitizers and chemosensitizers, such as flavones, owing to their substantial physiological effects like low toxicity and non-mutagenic properties on the human cells. The combination therapy with apigenin is potential candidate in cancer therapeutics. This review explicates the combinatorial strategies involving apigenin to overcome drug resistance and boost the anti-cancer properties. Methods We selected full-text English papers on international databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1972 up to 2020. The keywords included in the search were: Apigenin, Chemoprotective, Chemosensitizing, Side Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms. Results In this review, we focused on combination therapy, particularly with apigenin augmenting the anti-cancer effects of chemo drugs on tumor cells, reduce their side effects, subdue drug resistance, and protect healthy cells. The reviewed research data implies that these co-therapies exhibited a synergistic effect on various cancer cells, where apigenin sensitized the chemo drug through different pathways including a significant reduction in overexpressed genes, AKT phosphorylation, NFκB, inhibition of Nrf2, overexpression of caspases, up-regulation of p53 and MAPK, compared to the monotherapies. Meanwhile, contrary to the chemo drugs alone, combined treatments significantly induced apoptosis in the treated cells. Conclusion Briefly, our analysis proposed that the combination therapies with apigenin could suppress the unwanted toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. It is believed that these expedient results may pave the path for the development of drugs with a high therapeutic index. Nevertheless, human clinical trials are a prerequisite to consider the potential use of apigenin in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Conclusively, the clinical trials to comprehend the role of apigenin as a chemoprotective agent are still in infancy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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9
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tondro Anamag F, Shoorei H, Fattahi F, Javadinia SA, Basiri A, Taheri M. 5-Fluorouracil: A Narrative Review on the Role of Regulatory Mechanisms in Driving Resistance to This Chemotherapeutic Agent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658636. [PMID: 33954114 PMCID: PMC8092118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is among the mostly administrated chemotherapeutic agents for a wide variety of neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs have a central impact on the determination of the response of patients to 5-FU. These transcripts via modulation of cancer-related pathways, cell apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other aspects of cell behavior can affect cell response to 5-FU. Modulation of expression levels of microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells to 5-FU treatment via modulating multiple biological signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, NF-kB, and Notch cascades. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in targeting these transcripts in various kinds of cancers that are treated by 5-FU. In the present article, we provide a review of the function of non-coding transcripts in the modulation of response of neoplastic cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hu LG. Targeting Autophagy Facilitates T Lymphocyte Migration by Inducing the Expression of CXCL10 in Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2020; 10:886. [PMID: 32582551 PMCID: PMC7280490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a type of cellular catabolic degradation process that occurs in response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress, and is a valuable resource for highly proliferating cancer cells. Autophagy also facilitates the resistance of cancer cells to antitumor therapies. However, the involvement of autophagy in regulating CXCL10 expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells and T lymphocyte migration remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy inhibition on CXCL10 expression and T lymphocyte infiltration in GC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Analysis of public databases revealed a positive correlation between CXCL10 expression and both prognosis of patients with GC and the expression profile of T lymphocyte markers in the GCs. Chemotaxis and spheroid infiltration assays revealed that CXCL10 induced T lymphocyte migration and infiltration into GC spheroids, an in vitro three-dimensional cell culture model. In addition, in vitro autophagy inhibition in GC cells increased CXCL10 expression under both normal and hypoxic culture conditions. Further investigation on the underlying mechanism showed that in vitro autophagy inhibition suppressed the JNK signaling pathway and further enhanced CXCL10 expression in GC cells. Collectively, our results provide novel insights for understanding the role of autophagy in regulation of intra-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Meng
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao George Hu
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ke X, Qin Q, Deng T, Liao Y, Gao SJ. Heterogeneous Responses of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines to Tenovin-6 and Synergistic Effect with Chloroquine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020365. [PMID: 32033497 PMCID: PMC7072542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. Approximately 15% of GC is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). GC is largely incurable with a dismal five-year survival rate. There is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic agents for the treatment of GC. Tenovin-6 was initially identified as a p53 activator, but it was later found to inhibit autophagy flux, and the protein deacetylase activity of sirtuins. Tenovin-6 shows promising therapeutic effect in various malignancies. However, it remains unknown whether Tenovin-6 is effective for GC. In this study, we found that EBV-positive and -negative GC cell lines were sensitive to Tenovin-6 but with different response times and doses. Tenovin-6 suppressed anchorage-independent growth of GC cells. Tenovin-6 induced different levels of apoptosis and phases of cell-cycle arrest depending on the cell lines with some manifesting gap 1 (G1) and others showing synthesis (S) phase cell-cycle arrest. Mechanistically, Tenovin-6 induced autophagy or p53 activation in GC cells depending on the status of TP53 gene. However, initiation of autophagy following treatment with Tenovin-6 conferred some protective effect on numerous cells. Combined treatment with Tenovin-6 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine increased the cytotoxic effect by inducing microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II accumulation, and by enhancing apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. These results indicated that Tenovin-6 can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for GC, but the genetic background of the cancer cells might determine the response and mechanism of action. Treatment with Tenovin-6 alone or in combination with chloroquine could be a promising therapeutic approach for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ke
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China; (X.K.); (T.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China; (X.K.); (T.D.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (S.-J.G.); Tel.: +86-0754-88900474 (Q.Q.); +1-412-339-9484 (S.-J.G.)
| | - Tianyi Deng
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China; (X.K.); (T.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yueyan Liao
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China; (X.K.); (T.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (S.-J.G.); Tel.: +86-0754-88900474 (Q.Q.); +1-412-339-9484 (S.-J.G.)
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12
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Tian H, Wang W, Meng X, Wang M, Tan J, Jia W, Li P, Li J, Zhou Q. ERas Enhances Resistance to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:375. [PMID: 32083074 PMCID: PMC7005724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), a common type of malignant cancer, remains the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite developments in the treatment of GC, the prognosis remains poor. Embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (ERas), a novel member of the Ras protein family, has recently been identified as an oncogene involved in the tumorigenic growth of embryonic stem cells. A recent study reported that ERas is expressed in most GC cell lines and GC specimens, and it promotes tumorigenicity in GC through induction of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here, we found that ERas blocked autophagy flux in BGC-823 and AGS GC cells, which may occur through activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, ERas overexpression suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and rapamycin treatment significantly attenuated ERas-mediated cisplatin resistance in GC cells. These data suggest that ERas may be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcomes of GC patients by regulating the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Peining Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jianshuang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Li Y, Wu J, Zhang X, Liu W, Shi L, Xu F, Wang J, Xiong Y. Octreotide remits endoplasmic reticulum stress to reduce autophagy of intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 via upregulation of miR-101. Life Sci 2019; 231:116551. [PMID: 31185236 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide (OCT) shows clinical efficacies in the treatment of liver cirrhosis complicated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Experiments were designed to investigate its function mechanism associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced autophagy and microRNA (miR). Protein associated with ERS and autophagy was detected by western blot. miR-101 was examined by qRT-PCR. Besides, miR-101 or G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78)-silenced Caco-2 cells were established by transfection. Furthermore, western blot was used to determine TGF-beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1), AMPK, mTOR, p70S6K as well as their phosphorylated forms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enforced the expression of GPR78. Besides, LPS triggered the production of Beclin-1 and LC3-II while mitigated the accumulation of p62. Then all these above results were reversed by OCT pretreatment. Moreover, miR-101 expression was downregulated by LPS while upregulated by OCT. Further, miR-101 knockdown strengthened ERS and promoted autophagy. GPR78 silence retarded autophagy process. In the end, OCT mitigated phosphorylation of TAK1, AMPK while enhanced the phosphorylated expression of mTOR and p70S6K in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. The anti-autophagy property of OCT was mediated by miR-101-induced suppression of GPR78 in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Jingxue Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
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14
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The microRNA in ventricular remodeling: the miR-30 family. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190788. [PMID: 31320543 PMCID: PMC6680373 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling (VR) is a complex pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, which is often caused by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), etc. It is also an independent risk factor for a variety of CVDs, which will eventually to damage the heart function, promote cardiovascular events, and lead to an increase in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of CVDs through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene proteins. Among them, microRNA-30 (miR-30) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in the heart. In recent years, the study found that the miR-30 family can participate in VR through a variety of mechanisms, including autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. VR is commonly found in ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), antineoplastic drug cardiotoxicity (CTX), and other CVDs. Therefore, we will review the relevant mechanisms of the miR-30 in VR induced by various diseases.
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15
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Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of doxorubicin (DOX), but the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are still not completely clear. Prediction of drug-induced dysfunction onset is difficult and is still largely based on detection of cardiac troponin (cTn), a circulating marker of heart damage. In the last years, several investigations focused on the possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in DOX-induced toxicity in vitro, with contrasting results. Recently, several groups employed animal models to mimic patient’s condition, investigate the biological pathways perturbed by DOX, and identify diagnostic markers of cardiotoxicity. We reviewed the results from several studies investigating cardiac miRNAs expression in rodent models of DOX-treatment. We also discussed the data from two publications indicating the possible use of circulating miRNA as biomarkers of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, limited information was derived from these studies, as selection methods of candidate-miRNAs and heterogeneity in cardiotoxicity assessment greatly hampered the novelty and robustness of the findings. Nevertheless, at least one circulating miRNA, miR-1, showed a good potential as early biomarker of drug-mediated cardiac dysfunction onset. The use of animal models to investigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity surely helps narrowing the gap between basic research and clinical practice. Despite this, several issues, including selection of relevant miRNAs and less-than-optimal assessment of cardiotoxicity, greatly limited the results obtained so far. Nonetheless, the association of patients-based studies with the use of preclinical models may be the key to address the many unanswered questions regarding the pathophysiology and early detection of cardiotoxicity.
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16
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Adams O, Janser FA, Dislich B, Berezowska S, Humbert M, Seiler CA, Kroell D, Slotta-Huspenina J, Feith M, Ott K, Tschan MP, Langer R. A specific expression profile of LC3B and p62 is associated with nonresponse to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197610. [PMID: 29897944 PMCID: PMC5999293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug, used for the treatment of many cancer types, including esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC). Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation process maintaining cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy has been implicated in cancer biology and therapy resistance. We aimed to assess the impact of autophagy on chemotherapy response in EAC, with a special focus on paclitaxel. Responsiveness of EAC cell lines, OE19, FLO-1, OE33 and SK-GT-4, to paclitaxel was assessed using Alamar Blue assays. Autophagic flux upon paclitaxel treatment in vitro was assessed by immunoblotting of LC3B-II and quantitative assessment of WIP1 mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for the autophagy markers LC3B and p62 was applied on tumor tissue from 149 EAC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including pre- and post-therapeutic samples (62 matched pairs). Tumor response was assessed by histology. For comparison, previously published data on 114 primary resected EAC cases were used. EAC cell lines displayed differing responsiveness to paclitaxel treatment; however this was not associated with differential autophagy regulation. High p62 cytoplasmic expression on its own (p ≤ 0.001), or in combination with low LC3B (p = 0.034), was associated with nonresponse to chemotherapy, regardless of whether or not the regiments contained paclitaxel, but there was no independent prognostic value of LC3B or p62 expression patterns for EAC after neoadjuvant treatment. p62 and related pathways, most likely other than autophagy, play a role in chemotherapeutic response in EAC in a clinical setting. Therefore p62 could be a novel therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Félice A. Janser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Dislich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Magali Humbert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian A. Seiler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dino Kroell
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Feith
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of Surgery, RoMED Klinikum, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Du L, Chen T, Zhao K, Yang D. miR-30a suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis by downregulating MEF2D expression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2195-2202. [PMID: 29713188 PMCID: PMC5909778 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. miRNA-30a (miR-30a), as a member of the miR-30 family, has been implicated in various cancers. However, the role of miR-30a in osteosarcoma remains unclear. In the current study, we found that miR-30a was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, miR-30a could inhibit cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics of miRNA target prediction and luciferase reporter assay indicated that MEF2D is a direct target of miR-30a. miR-30a was able to reduce the mRNA and protein expression of MEF2D as assessed using RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. Interestingly, overexpression of MEF2D partially reversed the miR-30a-reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cell, indicating that miR-30a suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis partially mediated by inhibition of MEF2D. Overall, our study demonstrated that miR-30a functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting MEF2D in osteosarcoma, providing a promising prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxue Du
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Raju GSR, Pavitra E, Merchant N, Lee H, Prasad GLV, Nagaraju GP, Huh YS, Han YK. Targeting autophagy in gastrointestinal malignancy by using nanomaterials as drug delivery systems. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Zhao J, Li B, Shu C, Ma Y, Gong Y. Downregulation of miR-30a is associated with proliferation and invasion via targeting MEF2D in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7437-7442. [PMID: 29344185 PMCID: PMC5755257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have revealed that microRNAs serve crucial roles in cancer development and progression. MicroRNA-30a (miR-30a) has been implicated in various cancer types. However, the role of miR-30a in cervical cancer remains unclear. In the current study, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay revealed that miR-30a was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and in the cervical cancer cell lines HeLa, SiHa and Ca-Ski compared with GH329 normal cervical epithelial cells. A functional assay using miR-30a mimic demonstrated that miR-30a could inhibit the growth and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Additionally, bioinformatics-based prediction and luciferase reporter assays indicated that MEF2D is a direct target of miR-30a. Transfection with miR-30a reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of MEF2D, as determined using RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Furthermore, MEF2D expression was negatively correlated with that of miR-30a in cervical cancers. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR-30a functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting MEF2D in cervical cancer, which may provide the basis for a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chuqiang Shu
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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20
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Du X, Liu B, Luan X, Cui Q, Li L. miR-30 decreases multidrug resistance in human gastric cancer cells by modulating cell autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:599-605. [PMID: 29375703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important treatment modality for gastric cancer, and multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle for successful cancer chemotherapy. There is a lack of research on whether microRNA (miR)-30a regulation affects the chemosensitivity of resistant gastric cancer cells, and mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-30a on drug resistance and cell autophagy require further investigation. In the present study, the expression of miR-30a and its effects in cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant human gastric cancer cells were investigated. A CDDP-resistant variant of the SGC-7901 cell line (SGC-7901/CDDP) was established by exposing the cells to gradually increasing drug concentrations, and miR-30a expression was detected by reverse transcription-semi quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-sqPCR). To examine the effect of miR-30a expression in the SGC-7901/CDDP cells, miR30a mimics or negative control miRNA were transfected into the cells, and a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to analyze the chemosensitivity of the different cell groups. RT-sqPCR and western blot analysis were also used to measure MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein expression, and the light chain (LC)3-II/LC3-I ratio. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic CDDP in the different groups was assessed using flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that low expression of miR-30a was associated with chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells, and in the chemoresistant cell line SGC7901/CDDP, CDDP-induced apoptosis was weakened. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was elevated in SGC7901/CDDP cells compared with chemosensitive SGC7901 cells (P<0.001), which could be attenuated by upregulating miR-30a expression (P<0.001 vs. SGC7901/CDDP control cells). These results suggested that autophagy may contribute to drug resistance in gastric cancer cells, and that the reduction of LC3-II in response to miR-30a overexpression may inhibit chemoresistance-associated autophagy in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 250020, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Luan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 250020, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 250020, P.R. China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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21
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Methylation of microRNA-129-5P modulates nucleus pulposus cell autophagy by targeting Beclin-1 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86264-86276. [PMID: 29156793 PMCID: PMC5689683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in the etiology and progression of many diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The miRNA miR-129-5P regulates autophagy in various cancers, but its role in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is unclear. The present study investigated whether miR-129-5p regulates the expression of Beclin-1 which is known to induce autophagy in NP cells by evaluating their levels in normal and degenerative disc tissues and human NP cells transfected with miR-129-5P mimic or inhibitor by quantitative real-time (qRT-)PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis. A bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the relationship between miR-129-5P and Beclin-1, which was confirmed by the dual luciferase assay. DNA methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific PCR, and the effect of demethylation on miR-129-5P level and autophagy was examined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry. We found that miR-129-5P expression was downregulated while that of Beclin-1 and LC3-II was upregulated in degenerative disc NP cells. Meanwhile, autophagy was reduced in human NP cells transfected with miR-129-5P mimic, whereas the opposite result was observed upon treatment with miR-129-5P inhibitor. Bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter assay revealed that Beclin-1 is a target of and is inhibited by miR-129-5P. We also found that CpG islands in the miR-129-5P promoter region were hypermethylated in degenerative as compared to normal disc tissue. Thus, miR-129-5P blocks NP cell autophagy by directly inhibiting Beclin-1, a process that is dependent on miR-129-5P promoter methylation.
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22
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Ba MC, Long H, Cui SZ, Gong YF, Yan ZF, Wang S, Wu YB. Mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639902 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia enhances anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy, but the precise biochemical mechanisms involved are not clear. This study was carried out to investigate whether mild hyperthermia sensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. In total, 20 BABL/c mice of MKN-45 human gastric cancer tumor model were divided into hyperthermia + chemotherapy group, hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group. Reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1, LC3B, and mammalian target of rapamycin were determined. The relationships between tumor growth regression, expression of autophagy-related genes, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated. Tumor size and wet weight of hyperthermia + chemotherapy group was significantly decreased relative to values from hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group ( F = 6.92, p < 0.01 and F = 5.36, p < 0.01, respectively). Reactive oxygen species production was significantly higher in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. The expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3B were significantly higher, while those of mammalian target of rapamycin were significantly lower in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. Tumor growth regression was consistent with changes in reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited changes in the expression of the autophagy-related genes and also suppressed reactive oxygen species production and tumor growth. Hyperthermia + chemotherapy increase expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and LC3B, decrease expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, and concomitantly increase reactive oxygen species generation. These results strongly indicate that mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Ba
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Dermatology Institute, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fei Yan
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Bing Wu
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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23
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Yang SJ, Yang SY, Wang DD, Chen X, Shen HY, Zhang XH, Zhong SL, Tang JH, Zhao JH. The miR-30 family: Versatile players in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692204. [PMID: 28347244 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA family, miR-30, plays diverse roles in regulating key aspects of neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and clinical outcomes in different types of tumors. Accumulating evidence proves that miR-30 family is pivotal in the breast cancer development by controlling critical signaling pathways and relevant oncogenes. Here, we review the roles of miR-30 family members in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer, and their application to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We think miR-30 family members would be promising biomarkers for breast cancer and may bring a novel insight in molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Yu Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Qian HR, Yang Y. Functional role of autophagy in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17641-51. [PMID: 26910278 PMCID: PMC4951239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic pathway responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins and damaged intracellular organelles. Perturbations in autophagy are found in gastric cancer. In host gastric cells, autophagy can be induced by Helicobacter pylori (or H. pylori) infection, which is associated with the oncogenesis of gastric cancer. In gastric cancer cells, autophagy has both pro-survival and pro-death functions in determining cell fate. Besides, autophagy modulates gastric cancer metastasis by affecting a wide range of pathological events, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment. In addition, some of the autophagy-related proteins, such as Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3), and p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) have certain prognostic values for gastric cancer. In this article, we review the recent studies regarding the functional role of autophagy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-ran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Tang JC, Feng YL, Liang X, Cai XJ. Autophagy in 5-Fluorouracil Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Trends and Challenges. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:456-63. [PMID: 26879020 PMCID: PMC4800847 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based combination therapies are standard treatments for gastrointestinal cancer, where the modulation of autophagy is becoming increasingly important in offering effective treatment for patients in clinical practice. This review focuses on the role of autophagy in 5-FU-induced tumor suppression and cancer therapy in the digestive system. Data Sources: All articles published in English from 1996 to date those assess the synergistic effect of autophagy and 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer therapy were identified through a systematic online search by use of PubMed. The search terms were “autophagy” and “5-FU” and (“colorectal cancer” or “hepatocellular carcinoma” or “pancreatic adenocarcinoma” or “esophageal cancer” or “gallbladder carcinoma” or “gastric cancer”). Study Selection: Critical reviews on relevant aspects and original articles reporting in vitro and/or in vivo results regarding the efficiency of autophagy and 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer therapy were reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. The exclusion criteria for the articles were as follows: (1) new materials (e.g., nanomaterial)-induced autophagy; (2) clinical and experimental studies on diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in digestive system cancers; and (3) immunogenic cell death for anticancer chemotherapy. Results: Most cell and animal experiments showed inhibition of autophagy by either pharmacological approaches or via genetic silencing of autophagy regulatory gene, resulting in a promotion of 5-FU-induced cancer cells death. Meanwhile, autophagy also plays a pro-death role and may mediate cell death in certain cancer cells where apoptosis is defective or difficult to induce. The dual role of autophagy complicates the use of autophagy inhibitor or inducer in cancer chemotherapy and generates inconsistency to an extent in clinic trials. Conclusion: Autophagy might be a therapeutic target that sensitizes the 5-FU treatment in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiu-Jun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparosopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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26
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Induction of MAPK- and ROS-dependent autophagy and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma by combination of romidepsin and bortezomib. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4454-67. [PMID: 26683357 PMCID: PMC4826218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can synergistically induce apoptotic cell death in certain cancer cell types but their combinatorial effect on the induction of autophagy remains unknown. Here, we investigated the combinatorial effects of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and an HDAC inhibitor, romidepsin, on the induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death in gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. Isobologram analysis showed that low nanomolar concentrations of bortezomib/romidepsin could synergistically induce killing of GC cells. The synergistic killing was due to the summative effect of caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis and caspase-independent autophagy. The autophagic cell death was dependent on the activation of MAPK family members (ERK1/2 and JNK), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but was independent of Epstein-Barr virus infection. In vivo, bortezomib/romidepsin also significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy in GC xenografts in nude mice. This is the first report demonstrating the potent effect of combination of HDAC and proteasome inhibitors on the induction of MAPK- and ROS-dependent autophagy in addition to caspase-dependent apoptosis in a cancer type.
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Wang J, Jiao Y, Cui L, Jiang L. miR-30 functions as an oncomiR in gastric cancer cells through regulation of P53-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:119-126. [PMID: 27729002 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1238294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of miR-30 in the development of Gastric cancer (GC). miR-30 expression was increased in GC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-30 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HGC-27 cells. Upregulation of miR-30 enhanced the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. P53 expression was decreased in GC tissues. P53 expression was correlated with miR-30 expression. Downregulation of miR-30 increased P53 expression. Knockdown of P53 inhibited miR-30-inhibitor-induced suppression of cell proliferation and increase of apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-30 increased ROS generation which was inhibited by shP53. miR-30 inhibitors induced a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c, and activation of Caspase 3 and 9, activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Downregulation of P53 and N-acetyl-cysteine suppressed miR-30 inhibitors-activated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic events. In conclusion, we identified that miR-30 functioned as a potential oncomiR through P53/ROS-mediated regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Yang Jiao
- a Department of General Surgery , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Lunmeng Cui
- b Intensive Care Unit, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Lili Jiang
- c Department of Urology , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
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Chen J, Liu L, Liu Y, Liu X, Qu C, Meng F, Ma J, Lin Y, Xue Y. Low-Dose Endothelial-Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide-II Induced Autophagy by Down-Regulating miR-20a in U-87 and U-251 Glioma Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:128. [PMID: 27242439 PMCID: PMC4868923 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary studies have shown that endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) induces autophagy and inhibits the viability of glioma cells via an unknown molecular mechanism. This study explored the possible mechanisms associated with EMAP-II-induced autophagy in glioma cells by regulation of the expression of microRNA-20a (miR-20a). EMAP-II effectively inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of human U-87 and U-251 glioma cells. EMAP-II also up-regulated the expression level of autophagy biomarker microtubule-associated protein one light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I, autophagy related gene ATG7 and ATG5, but down-regulated autophagy substrate P62/SQSTM1 protein expression. The expression levels of miR-20a decreased significantly after U-87 and U-251 cells were treated with EMAP-II. MiR-20a overexpression partly reversed the EMAP-II-induced up-regulation of LC3-II/I and down-regulation of P62/SQSTM1. MiR-20a had a negative regulatory effect on the expression of the proteins ATG7 and ATG5; which were also targets of miR-20a, as detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, both EMAP-II and miR-20a inhibition significantly reduced the viability, migration and invasion of U-87 and U-251 cells, and their combination showed a synergistic effect. Furthermore, nude mice carrying silencing-expressed miR-20a combined with EMAP-II treatment produced the smallest tumors and the highest survival. In summary, low-dose EMAP-II increased expression levels of ATG5 and ATG7 via down-regulation of the expression of miR-20a. This activated the autophagy pathway, thereby significantly inhibiting the viability, migration and invasion of U-87 and U-251 glioma cells. The combined treatment of EMAP-II with a miR-20a inhibitor showed a synergistic effect against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Chengbin Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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