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Goswami R, Gupta A, Bednova O, Coulombe G, Patel D, Rotello VM, Leyton JV. Nuclear localization signal-tagged systems: relevant nuclear import principles in the context of current therapeutic design. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:204-226. [PMID: 38031452 PMCID: PMC10798298 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear targeting of therapeutics provides a strategy for enhancing efficacy of molecules active in the nucleus and minimizing off-target effects. 'Active' nuclear-directed transport and efficient translocations across nuclear pore complexes provide the most effective means of maximizing nuclear localization. Nuclear-targeting systems based on nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs have progressed significantly since the beginning of the current millennium. Here, we offer a roadmap for understanding the basic mechanisms of nuclear import in the context of actionable therapeutic design for developing NLS-therapeutics with improved treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Olga Bednova
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaël Coulombe
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dipika Patel
- Service des stages et du développement professionnel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- École des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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3
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Herceg S, Janoštiak R. Diagnostic and Prognostic Profiling of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:133-148. [PMID: 38410971 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the key features of eukaryotic cells is the separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments by a double-layer nuclear envelope. This separation is crucial for timely regulation of gene expression, mRNA biogenesis, cell cycle, and differentiation. Since transcription takes place in the nucleus and the major part of translation in the cytoplasm, proper distribution of biomolecules between these two compartments is ensured by nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins - karyopherins. Karyopherins transport biomolecules through nuclear pores bidirectionally in collaboration with Ran GTPases and utilize GTP as the source of energy. Different karyopherins transport different cargo molecules that play important roles in the regulation of cell physiology. In cancer cells, this nucleocytoplasmic transport is significantly dysregulated to support increased demands for the import of cell cycle-promoting biomolecules and export of cell cycle inhibitors and mRNAs. Here, we analysed genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from published datasets to comprehensively profile karyopherin genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. We have found out that expression of multiple karyopherin genes is increased in hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to the normal liver, with importin subunit α-1, exportin 2, importin subunit β-1 and importin 9 being the most over-expressed. More-over, we have found that increased expression of these genes is associated with higher neoplasm grade as well as significantly worse overall survival of liver cancer patients. Taken together, our bioinformatic data-mining analysis provides a comprehensive geno-mic and transcriptomic landscape of karyopherins in hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies potential members that could be targeted in order to develop new treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herceg
- BIOCEV - First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Janoštiak
- BIOCEV - First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Novel roles of LSECtin in gastric cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:593. [PMID: 35821222 PMCID: PMC9276708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin) plays an important regulatory role in a variety of diseases, including tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of LSECtin in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. In our research, LSECtin promoted the adhesion and invasion of GC cells, and was involved in lymphatic metastasis of GC cells. Mechanistically, LSECtin promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of GC cells by downregulating STAT1 expression. The circular RNA circFBXL4, which is regulated by LSECtin, sponges the microRNA miR-146a-5p to regulate STAT1 expression. The promotion of GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion mediated by LSECtin was largely inhibited by circFBXL4 overexpression or miR-146a-5p silencing. Moreover, in its role as a transcription factor, STAT1 modulated the expression of FN1 and CHD4. In conclusion, LSECtin might be involved in the lymphatic metastasis of GC by upregulating the expression of FN1 and CHD4 via the circFBXL4/miR-146a-5p/STAT1 axis, possibly indicating a newly discovered pathogenic mechanism.
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Chi RPA, van der Watt P, Wei W, Birrer MJ, Leaner VD. Inhibition of Kpnβ1 mediated nuclear import enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33530952 PMCID: PMC7852134 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of nuclear import via Karyopherin beta 1 (Kpnβ1) shows potential as an anti-cancer approach. This study investigated the use of nuclear import inhibitor, INI-43, in combination with cisplatin. Methods Cervical cancer cells were pre-treated with INI-43 before treatment with cisplatin, and MTT cell viability and apoptosis assays performed. Activity and localisation of p53 and NFκB was determined after co-treatment of cells. Results Pre-treatment of cervical cancer cells with INI-43 at sublethal concentrations enhanced cisplatin sensitivity, evident through decreased cell viability and enhanced apoptosis. Kpnβ1 knock-down cells similarly displayed increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Combination index determination using the Chou-Talalay method revealed that INI-43 and cisplatin engaged in synergistic interactions. p53 was found to be involved in the cell death response to combination treatment as its inhibition abolished the enhanced cell death observed. INI-43 pre-treatment resulted in moderately stabilized p53 and induced p53 reporter activity, which translated to increased p21 and decreased Mcl-1 upon cisplatin combination treatment. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment led to nuclear import of NFκB, which was diminished upon pre-treatment with INI-43. NFκB reporter activity and expression of NFκB transcriptional targets, cyclin D1, c-Myc and XIAP, showed decreased levels after combination treatment compared to single cisplatin treatment and this associated with enhanced DNA damage. Conclusions Taken together, this study shows that INI-43 pre-treatment significantly enhances cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells, mediated through stabilization of p53 and decreased nuclear import of NFκB. Hence this study suggests the possible synergistic use of nuclear import inhibition and cisplatin to treat cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07819-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Pin Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Wei Wei
- Pfizer, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, D Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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Manasa P, Sidhanth C, Krishnapriya S, Vasudevan S, Ganesan TS. Oncogenes in high grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:122-136. [PMID: 33488950 PMCID: PMC7805537 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by relatively few mutations occurring at low frequency, except in TP53. However other genetic aberrations such as copy number variation alter numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are positive regulators of tumorigenesis and play a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that they are crucial for the development and the progression of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Though many oncogenes have been identified, no successful inhibitors targeting these molecules and their associated pathways are available. This review discusses oncogenes that have been identified recently in HGSOC using different screening strategies. All the genes discussed in this review have been functionally characterized both in vitro and in vivo and some of them are able to transform immortalized ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube cells upon overexpression. However, it is necessary to delineate the molecular pathways affected by these oncogenes for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharla Manasa
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Syama Krishnapriya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Sekar Vasudevan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Ishikawa C, Senba M, Mori N. Importin β1 regulates cell growth and survival during adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma therapy. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:317-329. [PMID: 32959166 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is no cure for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) associated with human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and novel targeted strategies are needed. NF-κB and AP-1 are crucial for ATLL, and both are transported to the nucleus by an importin (IPO)α/β heterodimeric complex to activate target genes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of IPOβ1 in ATLL. The expression of IPOβ1 was analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. Cell growth, viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and intracellular signaling cascades were examined by the water-soluble tetrazolium-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. Xenograft tumors in severe combined immune deficient mice were used to evaluate the growth of ATLL cells in vivo. IPOβ1 was upregulated in HTLV-1-infected T cell lines. Further, IPOβ1 knockdown or the IPOβ1 inhibitor importazole and the IPOα/β1 inhibitor ivermectin reduced HTLV-1-infected T cell proliferation. However, the effect of inhibitors on uninfected T cells was less pronounced. Further, in HTLV-1-infected T cell lines, inhibitors suppressed NF-κB and AP-1 nuclear transport and DNA binding, induced apoptosis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Inhibitors also mediated G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the expression of NF-κB- and AP-1-target proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis was reduced. In vivo, the IPOα/β1 inhibitor ivermectin decreased ATLL tumor burden without side effects. IPOβ1 mediated NF-κB and AP-1 translocation into ATLL cell nuclei, thereby regulating cell growth and survival, which provides new insights for targeted ATLL therapies. Thus, ivermectin, an anti-strongyloidiasis medication, could be a potent anti-ATLL agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.,Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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8
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Wang T, Huang Z, Huang N, Peng Y, Gao M, Wang X, Feng W. Inhibition of KPNB1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Regulation of E2F1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10455-10467. [PMID: 31819526 PMCID: PMC6896920 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1) belongs to the karyopherin superfamily, which functions as shuttling proteins from the cytoplasm to nuclear. A high level of KPNB1 has been reported in various cancers which promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. However, the role of KPNB1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains uncertain. Methods Expression level of KPNB1 in CML patient samples and cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. The proliferation assays and colony formation assay were used to study the CML cell proliferation when KPNB1 knockdown in vitro. Next, Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of KPNB1 on E2F1 and other cell cycle regulators. Then, the location of E2F1 was detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of KPNB1 inhibitor importazole (IPZ) on CML cells. Results In this study, we firstly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells. Targeting KPNB1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and IPZ reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells. The underlying mechanisms were also investigated that E2F1 nuclear transport was blocked after inhibiting KPNB1 with siRNA, suggesting KPNB1 over-expression mediates the excessive nuclear transport of E2F1 in CML cells. Moreover, the expression of the E2F1 targeted molecule such as c-Myc and KPNA2 was markedly reduced. The IPZ arrested CML cells at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, our results clearly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells and mediates the translocation of E2F1 into the nucleus of CML cells, thereby inhibition of KPNB1 reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells which provides new insights for targeted CML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Verrico A, Rovella P, Di Francesco L, Damizia M, Staid DS, Le Pera L, Schininà ME, Lavia P. Importin-β/karyopherin-β1 modulates mitotic microtubule function and taxane sensitivity in cancer cells via its nucleoporin-binding region. Oncogene 2019; 39:454-468. [PMID: 31492900 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transport receptor importin-β/karyopherin-β1 is overexpressed in cancers that display genomic instability. It is regarded as a promising cancer target and inhibitors are being developed. In addition to its role in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, importin-β regulates mitosis, but the programmes and pathways in which it operates are defined only in part. To unravel importin-β's mitotic functions we have developed cell lines expressing either wild-type or a mutant importin-β form in characterised residues required for nucleoporin binding. Both forms similarly disrupted spindle pole organisation, while only wild-type importin-β affected microtubule plus-end function and microtubule stability. A proteome-wide search for differential interactors identified a set of spindle regulators sensitive to mutations in the nucleoporin-binding region. Among those, HURP (hepatoma up-regulated protein) is an importin-β interactor and a microtubule-stabilising factor. We found that induction of wild type, but not mutant importin-β, under the same conditions that destabilise mitotic microtubules, delocalised HURP, indicating that the spatial distribution of HURP along the spindle requires importin-β's nucleoporin-binding residues. Concomitantly, importin-β overexpression sensitises cells to taxanes and synergistically increases mitotic cell death. Thus, the nucleoporin-binding domain is dispensable for importin-β function in spindle pole organisation, but regulates microtubule stability, at least in part via HURP, and renders cells vulnerable to certain microtubule-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - Paola Rovella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - David Sasah Staid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - M Eugenia Schininà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Xiong DD, Zeng CM, Jiang L, Luo DZ, Chen G. Ki-67/MKI67 as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Outcome in Gastric Cancer Patients: an Updated Meta-analysis and Systematic Review involving 53 Studies and 7078 Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:5339-5354. [PMID: 31632479 PMCID: PMC6775696 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) threatens human health worldwide and we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical value of Ki-67/MKI67 in patients with GC. The combined hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to assess the relationships of Ki-67/MKI67 expression with prognoses and clinicopathological characteristics. Genes co-expressed with MKI67 were collected for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. In total, 53 studies with 7078 patients were included in this study. The pooled HRs indicated that an elevated expression of Ki-67/MKI67 predicted an unfavorable overall survival (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.33-1.78, P<0.0001) and disease-free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.43-3.64, P<0.0001) in GC patients. Additionally, in patients with advanced GC, a high Ki-67/MKI67 expression was also significantly connected with OS (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.60, P<0.0001). The combined ORs showed that Ki-67/MKI67 expression was related to TNM stage (stage III/IV versus stage I/II: OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.34-2.78, P<0.0001), tumor differentiation (poor versus well/moderate: OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.32-2.85, P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (yes versus no: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.23-2.25, P=0.001), distant metastasis (yes versus no: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.24-2.26, P=0.001) and tumor invasion depth (T3/T4 versus Tis/T1/T2: OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.60-2.44, P<0.0001). The results of GO, KEGG pathway and PPI network analyses indicated that Ki-67/MKI67 may be involved in the development of GC via influencing P53 signaling pathway. Ki-67/MKI67 could be a potential indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with GC and identify high-risk cases. Detecting Ki-67/MKI67 expression in clinic may be helpful in optimizing individual treatment and further improving the survival expectancy of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
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Bánová Vulić R, Zdurienčíková M, Tyčiaková S, Benada O, Dubrovčáková M, Lakota J, Škultéty Ľ. Silencing of carbonic anhydrase I enhances the malignant potential of exosomes secreted by prostatic tumour cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3641-3655. [PMID: 30916466 PMCID: PMC6484292 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report results showing that the silencing of carbonic anhydrase I (siCA1) in prostatic (PC3) tumour cells has a significant impact on exosome formation. An increased diameter, concentration and diversity of the produced exosomes were noticed as a consequence of this knock‐down. The protein composition of the exosomes' cargo was also altered. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses identified 42 proteins significantly altered in PC3 siCA1 exosomes compared with controls. The affected proteins are mainly involved in metabolic processes, biogenesis, cell component organization and defense/immunity. Interestingly, almost all of them have been described as ‘enhancers' of tumour development through the promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Thus, our results indicate that the reduced expression of the CA1 protein enhances the malignant potential of PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ján Lakota
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Xu X, Zhang X, Xing H, Liu Z, Jia J, Jin C, Zhang Y. Importin-4 functions as a driving force in human primary gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12638-12646. [PMID: 30861176 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Importin-4 (IPO4) is responsible for transporting histones H3 and H4 into the nucleus for chromatin assembly. But, the role of IPO4 in cancer, especially in gastric cancer (GC), has not been fully understood. We aim to determine the expression and function of IPO4 in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to study the association of IPO4 and GC using GEO data and the Kaplan-Meier plotter. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to determine the IPO4 level in GC cells and tissues. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knockdown endogenous IPO4 expression in GC cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and transwell assays were used to examine the effect of IPO4 on cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS IPO4 mRNA is overexpressed in GC tissues using bioinformatics analysis of three groups' transcriptome data, and high level of IPO4 is negatively correlated with poor long-term survival using the Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis. Western blot analysis further shows that IPO4 protein levels are also overexpressed in GC tissues and a number of GC cell lines. Endogenous IPO4 level can be inhibited by specific siRNA effectively. Importantly, CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays demonstrate that IPO4 knockdown by siRNA impairs GC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IPO4 contributes to GC progression and poor prognosis, and may function as a driving force in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixin Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Institue of Cancer Prevention and Control Affiliated to Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Institute of Cancer Prevention and Control Affiliated to Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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13
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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14
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Carden S, van der Watt P, Chi A, Ajayi-Smith A, Hadley K, Leaner VD. A tight balance of Karyopherin β1 expression is required in cervical cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1123. [PMID: 30445944 PMCID: PMC6240311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1) is the main nuclear import protein involved in the transport of cargoes from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus. Previous research has found Kpnβ1 to be significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer and other cancer tissues, and further studies showed that inhibition of Kpnβ1 expression by siRNA resulted in cancer cell death, while non-cancer cells were minimally affected. These results suggest that Kpnβ1 has potential as an anticancer therapeutic target, thus warranting further research into the association between Kpnβ1 expression and cancer progression. Here, the biological effects associated with Kpnβ1 overexpression were investigated in order to further elucidate the relationship between Kpnβ1 and the cancer phenotype. Methods To evaluate the effect of Kpnβ1 overexpression on cell biology, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell morphology and cell adhesion assays were performed. To determine whether Kpnβ1 overexpression influences cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents like Cisplatin, cell viability assays were performed. Expression levels of key proteins were analysed by Western blot analysis. Results Our data revealed that Kpnβ1 overexpression, above that which was already detected in cancer cells, resulted in reduced proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Likewise, normal epithelial cells showed reduced proliferation after Kpnβ1 overxpression. Reduced cancer cell proliferation was associated with a delay in cell cycle progression, as well as changes in the morphology and adhesion properties of cells. Additionally, Kpnβ1 overexpressing HeLa cells exhibited increased sensitivity to cisplatin, as shown by decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, where p53 and p21 inhibition reduced and enhanced cell sensitivity to Cisplatin, respectively. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that a tight balance of Kpnβ1 expression is required for cellular function, and that perturbation of this balance results in negative effects associated with a variety of biological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5044-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carden
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aderonke Ajayi-Smith
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katie Hadley
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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15
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Zhang L, Yang W, Hu C, Wang Q, Wu Y. Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2973-2987. [PMID: 29861631 PMCID: PMC5968786 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches in the prevention and control of disease worldwide. Oral vaccination could have wide applications if effective protection cannot be achieved through traditional (eg, parenteral) routes of vaccination. However, oral administration is hampered by the difficulties in transferring vaccines in vivo. This has led to the development of materials such as carriers with potential adjuvant effects. Considering the requirements for selecting adjuvants for oral vaccines as well as the advantages of nanoparticle/microparticle materials as immune effectors and antigen conveyors, synthetic materials could improve the efficiency of oral vaccination. In this review, nanoparticles and microparticles with adjuvant characteristics are described with regard to their potential importance for oral immunization, and some promising and successful modification strategies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Stelma T, Leaner VD. KPNB1-mediated nuclear import is required for motility and inflammatory transcription factor activity in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32833-32847. [PMID: 28427184 PMCID: PMC5464831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin β1 is a nuclear import protein involved in the transport of proteins containing a nuclear localisation sequence. Elevated Karyopherin β1 expression has been reported in cancer and transformed cells and is essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Transcription factors such as NFĸB and AP-1 contain a nuclear localisation sequence and initiate the expression of multiple factors associated with inflammation and cancer cell biology. Our study investigated the effect of inhibiting nuclear import via Karyopherin β1 on cancer cell motility and inflammatory signaling using siRNA and the novel small molecule, Inhibitor of Nuclear Import-43, INI-43. Inhibition of Karyopherin β1 led to reduced migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Karyopherin β1 is essential for the translocation of NFĸB into the nucleus as nuclear import inhibition caused its cytoplasmic retention and decreased transcriptional activity. A similar decrease was seen in AP-1 transcriptional activity upon Karyopherin β1 inhibition. Consequently reduced interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor expression, target genes of NFkB and AP-1, was observed. Migration studies inhibiting individual transcription factors suggested that INI-43 may affect a combination of signaling events. Our study provides further evidence that inhibiting KPNB1 has anti-cancer effects and shows promise as a chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Dai F, Xuan Y, Jin JJ, Yu S, Long ZW, Cai H, Liu XW, Zhou Y, Wang YN, Chen Z, Huang H. CtBP2 overexpression promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28736-28749. [PMID: 28404932 PMCID: PMC5438687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein-2 (CtBP2), a transcriptional corepressor, has been reported to correlate with tumorigenesis and progression and predict a poor prognosis in several human cancers. However, few studies on CtBP2 in gastric cancer (GC) have been performed. In this research, we evaluated the correlations between CtBP2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as prognosis of GC patients. The effects of silencing CtBP2 expression on GC cells biology activity were also assessed. The results showed that CtBP2 was overexpressed in GC tissues and closely correlated with poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. CtBP2 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressed PTEN to increase proliferation rate, migration, and invasion in GC cells. Silencing CtBP2 inhibited GC growth in nude mice model. In conclusion, CtBP2 is overexpressed in GC and may accelerate GC tumorigenesis and metastasis, which could represent an independent prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Dai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Xuan
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie-Jie Jin
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengjia Yu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Wen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Nong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Wang H, Wang D, Li C, Zhang X, Zhou X, Huang J. High Kpnβ1 expression promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and chemoresistance via the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway. Tissue Cell 2018; 51:39-48. [PMID: 29622086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1), also known as importin-β, is part of the karyopherin superfamily of nuclear transport proteins. Kpnβ1 is an oncogene that is overexpressed in various human cancers. Recent studies have showed that Kpnβ1 is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. However, the role of Kpnβ1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains uncertain. In this study, we used western blotting to show that Kpnβ1 expression is higher in lung-cancer tissues and cells, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Kpnβ1 was significantly associated with the clinicopathological features of NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated Kpnβ1 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Serum starvation-refeeding experiments and Kpnβ1-shRNA transfection assays revealed that elevated Kpnβ1 expression promoted cell proliferation and reduced sensitivity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that Kpnβ1 interacts with PI3 K to activate the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway, leading to enhanced cell survival and drug resistance in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that Kpnβ1 plays a significant role in NSCLC progression and chemoresistance. Our study provides new insights for targeted therapy to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunsun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingsong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of NanTong, Nantong, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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19
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Di Francesco L, Verrico A, Asteriti IA, Rovella P, Cirigliano P, Guarguaglini G, Schininà ME, Lavia P. Visualization of human karyopherin beta-1/importin beta-1 interactions with protein partners in mitotic cells by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1850. [PMID: 29382863 PMCID: PMC5789818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin beta-1/Importin beta-1 is a conserved nuclear transport receptor, acting in protein nuclear import in interphase and as a global regulator of mitosis. These pleiotropic functions reflect its ability to interact with, and regulate, different pathways during the cell cycle, operating as a major effector of the GTPase RAN. Importin beta-1 is overexpressed in cancers characterized by high genetic instability, an observation that highlights the importance of identifying its partners in mitosis. Here we present the first comprehensive profile of importin beta-1 interactors from human mitotic cells. By combining co-immunoprecipitation and proteome-wide mass spectrometry analysis of synchronized cell extracts, we identified expected (e.g., RAN and SUMO pathway factors) and novel mitotic interactors of importin beta-1, many with RNA-binding ability, that had not been previously associated with importin beta-1. These data complement interactomic studies of interphase transport pathways. We further developed automated proximity ligation assay (PLA) protocols to validate selected interactors. We succeeded in obtaining spatial and temporal resolution of genuine importin beta-1 interactions, which were visualized and localized in situ in intact mitotic cells. Further developments of PLA protocols will be helpful to dissect importin beta-1-orchestrated pathways during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rovella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Liu G, Xiong D, Zeng J, Chen B, Huang Z. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4321-4328. [PMID: 28919781 PMCID: PMC5590776 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s143089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of Ki-67 in patients with gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value in patients with GC. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to May 2017. Twenty-two studies including 3,825 patients with GC were analyzed. The meta-analysis indicated that the incidence difference of Ki-67 expression in GC patients was significant when comparing the older group to younger group (odds ratio [OR] =1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19, 1.75), lymph node positive group to negative group (OR =1.49, 95% CI 1.20, 1.84), the large size tumor group to the small size tumor group (OR =1.27, 95% CI 1.24, 1.68) and the TNM stage III+IV group to TNM stage I+II group (OR =2.28, 95% CI 1.66, 3.12). However, no statistical differences existed in gender. The detection of Ki-67 significantly correlated with the overall survival of patients (hazard ratio =1.51, 95% CI 1.31, 1.72). Our study suggested that Ki-67 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Ki-67 positive rates may be associated with age, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and TNM staging system in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Disheng Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Dickmanns A, Monecke T, Ficner R. Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer. Cells 2015; 4:538-68. [PMID: 26402707 PMCID: PMC4588050 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the interference of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking with the establishment and maintenance of various cancers. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly regulated and coordinated, involving different nuclear transport factors or receptors, importins and exportins, that mediate cargo transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus or the other way round, respectively. The exportin CRM1 (Chromosome region maintenance 1) exports a plethora of different protein cargoes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Structural and biochemical analyses have enabled the deduction of individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle. In addition, CRM1 turned out to be a valid target for anticancer drugs as it exports numerous proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Clearly, detailed understanding of the flexibility, regulatory features and cooperative binding properties of CRM1 for Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the design of highly effective drugs. The first compound found to inhibit CRM1-dependent nuclear export was the natural drug Leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks export by competitively interacting with a highly conserved cleft on CRM1 required for nuclear export signal recognition. Clinical studies revealed serious side effects of LMB, leading to a search for alternative natural and synthetic drugs and hence a multitude of novel therapeutics. The present review examines recent progress in understanding the binding mode of natural and synthetic compounds and their inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Dickmanns
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Thomas Monecke
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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