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Ekanayaka RP, Tilakaratne WM. Impact of histopathological parameters in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38938003 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinomas comprise approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. There is a wide geographical variation in the incidence of oral cancer, with South and South East Asia (SSEA) accounting for almost two third of new cases. The prognosis of oral cancer is influenced by a vast array of factors including demographic, clinical, histopathological and molecular factors. The objective this review is to analyse the impact of histopathological features assessed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections on the prognosis of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline and Scopus data base search was performed in order to identify related articles on histopathological parameters in predicting prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The primary emphasis is on the studies conducted in SSEA, with an accompanying comparison of their findings with those from research conducted in other parts of the world. RESULTS It has been shown that the number of studies conducted in SSEA is not proportionate to the high prevalence of Oral Cancer in the region. There is no significant difference between the findings from SSEA compared to the rest of the world. It is clearly shown that most histopathological parameters can be accurately used to predict nodal metastasis and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological parameters can be used reliably in planning treatment of Oral cancer. Clinicians should combine clinical and histopathological parameters in drawing treatment plan for Oral Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ekanayaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Multimodality oncologic evaluation of superficial neck and facial lymph nodes. Radiol Med 2021; 126:1074-1084. [PMID: 33993441 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancers impacts treatment and prognosis. Head and neck lymph nodes are comprised of superficial and deep groups which are interconnected. The deep lymph nodes, predominantly centered along internal jugular veins, are very well-known to radiologists and clinicians. However, superficial lymph nodes that drain lymph from the scalp, face, and neck are much less recognized. Here, we describe the anatomic and imaging features of these superficial lymph nodes on CT, MRI, and PET in oncologic settings.
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Gao W, Tian Z, Fang X, Xue J, Li Z, Yang C, Ma C. Regional metastasis to anatomies beyond traditional neck dissection boundaries: a multi-institutional analysis focused on unconventional metastases in oral cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:281. [PMID: 33115501 PMCID: PMC7594434 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regional metastasis sometimes occurs in anatomies that are not included in traditional neck dissections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (SCCOC) patients with unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (UMLNs) in sublingual, buccinator, and parotid anatomies. Methods This retrospective multi-institutional analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity patients with unconventional metastatic lymph nodes was performed from January 2008 to December 2015. All the included patients received surgical treatment for unconventional metastatic lymph nodes. The end point of the study was to determine the factors influencing these patients’ survival and the corresponding solutions to improve survival. Pathological grade, contralateral metastasis, extranodal extension, and other factors were collected and analyzed by logistic regression and the Cox model. Results A total of 89 patients were identified. Among these patients, 25 (28.1%) received primary treatment, 28 (31.5%) received staged (therapeutic) neck dissections, and 36 (40.4%) had recurrent or residual diseases. Altogether, 45 patients (51%) had buccinator node metastases, 31 (35%) had sublingual metastases, 12 (14%) had parotid metastases, and 1 had both buccinator and parotid metastases. Regarding regional metastases, 31 patients (34.8%) had isolated unconventional metastatic lymph nodes. Adjuvant therapies were administered to 72 (80.9%) patients, 25 (28.1%) of whom were treated with radio-chemotherapies. The overall survival rate was 38.2%. Multivariate analysis found that the subsites of unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.029), extranodal extension in both unconventional metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.025) and cervical lymph nodes (P = 0.015), sites of primary or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (P = 0.035), and types of neck dissections (P = 0.025) were significantly associated with overall survival. Conclusions Unconventional metastatic lymph nodes are uncommon, yet awareness of potential unconventional metastatic lymph nodes should be heightened. Early surgical interventions are warranted in patients with sublingual or buccinator metastases, while caution should be given to those with parotid metastases. Aggressive en bloc (in-continuity) resections may be mandatory in advanced oral cancer cases for close anatomic locations with possible buccal or sublingual metastases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-020-02057-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Gao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuowei Tian
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jincai Xue
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Province Tumor Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, The People's Hospital of Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan, 663099, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, The People's Hospital of Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan, 663099, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyue Ma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Takada K, Kuroshima T, Shimamoto H, Ohsako T, Kayamori K, Ikeda T, Harada H. Metastasis of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma to buccinator lymph node: case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:13. [PMID: 30630467 PMCID: PMC6329072 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis of oral cancer to the buccinator lymph nodes (BN) is uncommon. The antegrade lymphatic flow in patients with normal anatomy and physiology makes metastasis of lower gingival cancer to BN unlikely. Case presentation A 67-year-old woman presented with a 46 × 25-mm tumor on her lower gingiva, along with metastatic foci in BN and cervical lymph nodes. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she underwent radical resection of the primary tumor and BN, along with neck dissection. Following surgery, she received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Two years after treatment, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion This is the first report of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to BN. Metastasis to BN from lower gingival cancer is very rare but should be considered in patients with locally advanced tumors or tumors that metastasize to the submandibular node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Takada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shimamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ohsako
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Xie L, Zhang Y, Huang W, Chen J, Yu J, Zhou X. In-Continuity Neck Dissection: Long-Term Oncological Outcomes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Buccal Mucosa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:1107-1116. [PMID: 29195080 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce in-continuity neck dissection (ND) in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (BMSCC) and to determine its impact on the oncologic outcomes of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of patients treated for BMSCC from 2006 through 2016 was performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to evaluate local control, regional control (RC), distant metastasis (DM), and disease-specific survival (DSS) of in-continuity ND versus discontinuous ND in 220 previously untreated patients with BMSCC, followed by a multivariate Cox regression that included all relevant variables. RESULTS Fifty-three patients received discontinuous ND and 167 patients received in-continuity ND. The 2 groups were comparable. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 5-year DSS rates for the discontinuous ND and in-continuity ND groups were 38 and 62% (P = .023), respectively. The 5-year RC rate for the in-continuity ND group (81%) was significantly better (P = .004) than for the discontinuous ND group (54%). At Cox regression analysis, in-continuity ND meaningfully contributed to a higher RC rate and subsequently better DSS. CONCLUSION Compared with discontinuous ND, in-continuity ND predicted favorable oncologic outcomes in patients with BMSCC. In-continuity ND could be a practical approach in the surgical management of BMSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Associate Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Resident Doctor, Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Hunan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiao Huang
- Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Majumdar B, Patil S, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Rao RS. Clinico-pathological prognosticators in oral squamous cell carcinoma. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17738912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Majumdar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Prgomet Z, Andersson T, Lindberg P. Higher expression of WNT5A protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with dysplasia and oral mucosa with a normal appearance. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:237-246. [PMID: 28603941 PMCID: PMC5519933 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WNT5A is a secreted signaling protein that promotes migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells through activation of non‐canonical WNT signaling. Here, we examined expression of WNT5A, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin by immunohistochemistry in 21 human diagnostic incision biopsies that each had regions of oral mucosa with a normal appearance adjacent to the affected tissue, dysplasia, and OSCC. We also investigated the effect of recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) on expression of the cell‐adhesion proteins E‐cadherin and β‐catenin by western blot analysis. No expression of WNT5A protein was present in oral mucosa with a normal appearance or in mild grade dysplasia. However, expression of WNT5A increased along with increasing grade of dysplasia, and the highest expression was detected in OSCCs. Expression of membranous β‐catenin and of E‐cadherin was lower, whereas expression of cytoplasmic β‐catenin was higher, in OSCCs than in non‐cancerous regions. However, there was no correlation between expression of WNT5A and expression of either β‐catenin or E‐cadherin. Furthermore, treatment of OSCC cells with rWNT5A had no effect on the expression of β‐catenin or E‐cadherin. Taken together with previous results, we conclude that WNT5A influences the progression of OSCC without affecting the canonical WNT/β‐catenin pathway and without down‐regulating E‐cadherin. WNT5A may have potential as a biological marker for malignant transformation of dysplasia to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Prgomet
- Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Peixoto TS, Gomes MC, de Castro Gomes DQ, Costa Lima K, Granville-Garcia AF, de Brito Costa EMM. Analysis of survival rates and prognostic factors among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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