1
|
Iliadis S, Papanikolaou NA. Reactive Oxygen Species Mechanisms that Regulate Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9255. [PMID: 39273204 PMCID: PMC11395503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during cellular metabolism and in response to environmental stress. While low levels of ROS play essential physiological roles, excess ROS can damage cellular components, leading to cell death or transformation. ROS can also regulate protein interactions in cancer cells, thereby affecting processes such as cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Dysregulated interactions occur via various mechanisms, including amino acid modifications, conformational changes, and alterations in complex stability. Understanding ROS-mediated changes in protein interactions is crucial for targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we examine the role that ROS mechanisms in regulating pathways through protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Section of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Section of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al Azzani M, Nizami ZN, Magramane R, Sekkal MN, Eid AH, Al Dhaheri Y, Iratni R. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress as a cancer therapeutic approach. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38961675 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are conserved processes that generally promote survival, but can induce cell death when physiological thresholds are crossed. The pro-survival aspects of these processes are exploited by cancer cells for tumor development and progression. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting autophagy or ER stress to induce cell death and/or block the pro-survival aspects are being investigated extensively. Consistently, several phytochemicals have been reported to exert their anticancer effects by modulating autophagy and/or ER stress. Various phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol, curcumin, emodin, resveratrol, among others) activate the unfolded protein response to induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis through different pathways. Similarly, various phytochemicals induce autophagy through different mechanisms (namely mechanistic target of Rapamycin [mTOR] inhibition). However, phytochemical-induced autophagy can function either as a cytoprotective mechanism or as programmed cell death type II. Interestingly, at times, the same phytochemical (e.g., 6-gingerol, emodin, shikonin, among others) can induce cytoprotective autophagy or programmed cell death type II depending on cellular contexts, such as cancer type. Although there is well-documented mechanistic interplay between autophagy and ER stress, only a one-way modulation was noted with some phytochemicals (carnosol, capsaicin, cryptotanshinone, guangsangon E, kaempferol, and δ-tocotrienol): ER stress-dependent autophagy. Plant extracts are sources of potent phytochemicals and while numerous phytochemicals have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, the search for novel phytochemicals with anticancer effects is ongoing from plant extracts used in traditional medicine (e.g., Origanum majorana). Nonetheless, the clinical translation of phytochemicals, a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics, is hindered by several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazoun Al Azzani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rym Magramane
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed N Sekkal
- Department of Surgery, Specialty Orthopedic, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yusra Al Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aghakhani A, Hezave MB, Rasouli A, Saberi Rounkian M, Soleimanlou F, Alhani A, Sabet Eqlidi N, Pirani M, Mehrtabar S, Zerangian N, Pormehr-Yabandeh A, Keylani K, Tizro N, Deravi N. Endoplasmic Reticulum as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Is there a Role for Flavonoids? Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:298-315. [PMID: 36959143 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are classified into subclasses of polyphenols, a multipurpose category of natural compounds which comprises secondary metabolites extracted from vascular plants and are plentiful in the human diet. Although the details of flavonoid mechanisms are still not realized correctly, they are generally regarded as antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative; anti-mutagenic; anti-neoplastic; anti-aging; anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, etc. The anti-cancer properties of flavonoids are evident in functions such as prevention of proliferation, metastasis, invasion, inflammation and activation of cell death. Tumors growth and enlargement expose cells to acidosis, hypoxia, and lack of nutrients which result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; it triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which reclaims homeostasis or activates autophagy. Steady stimulation of ER stress can switch autophagy to apoptosis. The connection between ER stress and cancer, in association with UPR, has been explained. The signals provided by UPR can activate or inhibit anti-apoptotic or apoptotic pathways depending on the period and grade of ER stress. In this review, we will peruse the link between flavonoids and their impact on the endoplasmic reticulum in association with cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Aghakhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saberi Rounkian
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arian Alhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sabet Eqlidi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Zerangian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Pormehr-Yabandeh
- Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Talaat SM, Elnaggar YSR, El-Ganainy SO, Gowayed MA, Allam M, Abdallah OY. Self-assembled fisetin-phospholipid complex: Fisetin-integrated phytosomes for effective delivery to breast cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 189:174-188. [PMID: 37343893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, fisetin (FIS) is extensively studied as potent anticancer surrogate with a multitarget actions against various types of cancers including breast cancer. However, its poor aqueous solubility handicapped its clinical utility. The current work endeavored, for the first time, to develop FIS phytosomes (FIS-PHY) for improving its physicochemical properties and subsequently its anticancer activity. Optimization of FIS- phytosomes involved different preparation techniques (Thin film hydration and ethanol injection) and different FIS: phospholipid molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). Complex formation was confirmed by complexation efficiency, infrared spectroscopy (IR), solubility studies and transmission electron microscope. The optimized FIS-PHY of 1:1 M ratio (PHY1) exhibited a nanometric particle size of 233.01 ± 9.46 nm with homogenous distribution (PDI = 0.27), negative zeta potential of - 29.41 mV, 100% complexation efficiency and controlled drug release over 24 h. In-vitro cytotoxicity study showed 2.5-fold decrease in IC50 of PHY1 compared with free FIS. Also, pharmacodynamic studies confirmed the promoted cytotoxicity of PHY1 against breast cancer through modulating TGF-β1/MMP-9 molecular pathways of tumorigenesis. Overall, overcoming FIS drawbacks were successfully achieved through development of innovative biocompatible phytosomal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt; Head of International Publication and Nanotechnology Center INCC, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maram Allam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim TW. Fisetin, an Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Overcomes Radioresistance by Activating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109076. [PMID: 37240422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a well-known plant flavonol from the natural flavonoid group, is found in traditional medicines, plants, vegetables, and fruits. Fisetin also has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells and found that fisetin reduced the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammation markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin. Furthermore, this study investigated the anti-cancer effects of fisetin and found that fisetin induced apoptotic cell death and ER stress through intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release, the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway, and induction of GRP78 exosomes. However, the suppression of PERK and CHOP inhibited the fisetin-induced cell death and ER stress. Interestingly, fisetin induced apoptotic cell death and ER stress and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenomenon under radiation in radiation-resistant liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that the fisetin-induced ER stress can overcome radioresistance and induce cell death in liver cancer cells following radiation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent fisetin, in combination with radiation, may be a powerful immunotherapy strategy to overcome resistance in an inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Dongguk University-WISE, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Khan AA, Almatroodi SA. The Potential Role of Fisetin, a Flavonoid in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249009. [PMID: 36558146 PMCID: PMC9782831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a main culprit and the second-leading cause of death worldwide. The current mode of treatment strategies including surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be effective, but cancer is still considered a major cause of death. Plant-derived products or their purified bioactive compounds have confirmed health-promoting effects as well as cancer-preventive effects. Among these products, flavonoids belong to polyphenols, chiefly found in fruits, vegetables and in various seeds/flowers. It has been considered to be an effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and to play a vital role in diseases management. Besides these activities, flavonoids have been revealed to possess anticancer potential through the modulation of various cell signaling molecules. In this regard, fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has a confirmed role in disease management through antioxidant, neuro-protective, anti-diabetic, hepato-protective and reno-protective potential. As well, its cancer-preventive effects have been confirmed via modulating various cell signaling pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, growth factor, transcription factor and other cell signaling pathways. This review presents an overview of the anti-cancer potential of fisetin in different types of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways based on in vivo and in vitro studies. A synergistic effect with anticancer drugs and strategies to improve the bioavailability are described. More clinical trials need to be performed to explore the anti-cancer potential and mechanism-of-action of fisetin and its optimum therapeutic dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian Y, Sun H, Bao Y, Feng H, Pang J, En R, Jiang H, Wang T. ERp44 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells Via Activation of ER Stress. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:809-822. [PMID: 36178559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the progression of GC. Rapid proliferation of tumor cells interferes with ER homeostasis, leading to ER stress and triggering unfolded protein response. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate abnormally expressed ER resident proteins (ERp) in cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible roles of ERp44. The mRNA and protein expression of genes were detected using qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell apoptosis was calculated using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing, and cell invasion was measured by transwell assay. We found that ERp44 was obviously decreased in GC tissues. Furthermore, ERp44 overexpression distinctly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MGC-803 and KATO III cells. In contrast, apoptosis was promoted by ERp44 overexpression. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of ERp44 inhibited malignant biological processes by regulating the eIF-2α/CHOP signaling pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ERp44 regulated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis via ERp44/eIF-2α/CHOP axis in GC. Targeting the ERp44and ER stress may be a promising strategy for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Yinshengboer Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Haiping Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Riletu En
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Tengqi Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, No. 98, Ulan Buhe Road, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Correia da Silva D, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. A Pipeline for Natural Small Molecule Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956154. [PMID: 35935873 PMCID: PMC9354955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of eukaryotic cells is inseverable of that of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The main function of this organelle is the synthesis and folding of a significant portion of cellular proteins, while it is also the major calcium reservoir of the cell. Upon unresolved ER stress, a set of stress response signaling pathways that are collectively labeled as the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. Prolonged or intense activation of this molecular machinery may be deleterious. It is known that compromised ER homeostasis, and consequent UPR activation, characterizes the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In an effort to discover new small molecules capable of countering ER stress, we subjected a panel of over 100 natural molecules to a battery of assays designed to evaluate several hallmarks of ER stress. The protective potential of these compounds against ER stress was evaluated at the levels of calcium homeostasis, key gene and protein expression, and levels of protein aggregation in fibroblasts. The most promising compounds were subsequently tested in neuronal cells. This framework resulted in the identification of several bioactive molecules capable of countering ER stress and deleterious events associated to it. Delphinidin stands out as the most promising candidate against neurodegeneration. This compound significantly inhibited the expression of UPR biomarkers, and displayed a strong potential to inhibit protein aggregation in the two aforementioned cell models. Our results indicate that natural products may be a valuable resource in the development of an effective therapeutic strategy against ER stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eguchi H, Kimura R, Matsunaga H, Matsunaga T, Yoshino Y, Endo S, Ikari A. Increase in Anticancer Drug-Induced Toxicity by Fisetin in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Spheroid Cells Mediated by the Reduction of Claudin-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147536. [PMID: 35886884 PMCID: PMC9316057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 (CLDN2), a component of tight junction, is involved in the reduction of anticancer drug-induced toxicity in spheroids of A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma. Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, inhibits cancer cell growth, but its effect on chemosensitivity in spheroids is unknown. Here, we found that fisetin (20 μM) decreases the protein level of CLDN2 to 22.3%. Therefore, the expression mechanisms were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Spheroids were formed in round-bottom plates, and anticancer drug-induced toxicity was measured by ATP content. Fisetin decreased the phosphorylated-Akt level, and CLDN2 expression was decreased by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, suggesting the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signal is involved in the reduction of CLDN2 expression. Hypoxia level, one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironment, was reduced by fisetin. Although fisetin did not change hypoxia inducible factor-1α level, it decreased the protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a stress response factor, by 25.4% in the spheroids. The toxicity of doxorubicin (20 μM) was enhanced by fisetin from 62.8% to 40.9%, which was rescued by CLDN2 overexpression (51.7%). These results suggest that fisetin can enhance anticancer drug toxicity in A549 spheroids mediated by the reduction of CLDN2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Riho Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Haruka Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-58-230-8124
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Xie Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ji T. MicroRNA-361 reduces the viability and migratory ability of pancreatic cancer cells via mediation of the MAPK/JNK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1365. [PMID: 34659511 PMCID: PMC8515516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that microRNA-361 (miR-361) functions as a fundamental modulator in non-small-cell lung cancer and esophageal carcinoma. However, its involvement in pancreatic cancer (PC) is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the mechanism and function of miR-361 during the regulation of PC cell migration and viability. It was demonstrated that miR-361 expression decreased in PC cell lines and tissues, and the overexpression of miR-361 suppressed in vivo PC cell proliferation in mice. Moreover, flow cytometry and MTT assays indicated that the miR-361 mimic decreased the viability and increased the apoptosis of PC cells. Both Transwell migration and wound healing assays identified that miR-361 ameliorated the migratory ability of PC cells. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, it was found that miR-361 targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/JNK 3'-untranslated regions, inducing the downregulation of this gene. In PC cells, overexpression of MAPK/JNK diminished the pro-apoptotic effect of the miR-361 mimic, while restoring the migratory activity of PC cells. Collectively, the present results suggested novel molecular mechanisms underlying PC progression and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Leling City, Dezhou, Shandong 253600, P.R. China
| | - Zongjing Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fisetin Protects HaCaT Human Keratinocytes from Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091492. [PMID: 34573124 PMCID: PMC8467638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) originates from the combustion of coal and is found in the exhaust of fumes of diesel vehicles. PM2.5 readily penetrates the skin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, causing skin senescence, inflammatory skin diseases, DNA damage, and carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether fisetin, a bioactive flavonoid, prevents PM2.5-induced apoptosis in HaCaT human keratinocytes. The results demonstrated that fisetin significantly downregulated PM2.5-induced apoptosis at concentrations below 10 μM. Fisetin strongly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. The PM2.5-induced apoptosis was associated with the induction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, mediated via the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)–eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)–activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)–CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) axis. Additionally, the cytosolic Ca2+ levels were markedly increased following exposure to PM2.5. However, fisetin inhibited the expression of ER stress-related proteins, including 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), phospho-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, and reduced the cytosolic Ca2+ levels. These data suggest that fisetin inhibits PM2.5-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the ER stress response and production of ROS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent developments in mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105161. [PMID: 34328852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) belongs to group of kinase that links the extracellular stimuli to intracellular response. The MAPK signalling pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK) involved in different pathological conditions like cancer, caused due to genetic or any other factor such as physical or environmental. Many studies have been conducted on the pathological view of MAPK cascade and its associated element like RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK or its isoforms, and still the research is going on particularly with respect to its activation, regulation and inhibition. The MAPK signalling pathway has become the area of research to identify new target for the management of cancer. A number of heterocyclics are key to fight with the cancer associated with these enzymes thus give some hope in the management of cancer by inhibiting MAPK cascade. In the present article, we have focussed on MAPK signalling pathway and role of different heterocyclic scaffolds bearing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen and about their potential to block MAPK signalling pathway. The heterocyclics are gaining importance due to high potency and selectivity with less off-target effects against different targets involved in the MAPK signalling pathway. We have tried to cover recent advancements in the MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors with an aim to get better understanding of the mechanism of action of the compounds. Several compounds in the preclinical and clinical studies have been thoroughly dealt with. In addition to the synthetic compounds, a significant number of natural products containing heterocyclic moieties as MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors have been put together. The structure activity relationship along with docking studies have been discussed to apprehend the mechanistic studies of various compounds that will ultimately help to design and develop more MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li MC, Zhang YQ, Meng CW, Gao JG, Xie CJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113476. [PMID: 33075438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words "Toxicodendron vernicifluum", "Rhus verniciflua Stokes", "Rhus vernicifera Stokes" and "Lacquer tree" through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. CONCLUSION The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin-Gou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gill MSA, Saleem H, Ahemad N. Plant Extracts and their Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Kinases. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1093-1104. [PMID: 32091334 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural Products (NP), specifically from medicinal plants or herbs, have been extensively utilized to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of ultimate natural sciences as well as therapeutics. Isolation of secondary metabolites from these sources and their respective biological properties, along with their lower toxicities and cost-effectiveness, make them a significant research focus for drug discovery. In recent times, there has been a considerable focus on isolating new chemical entities from natural flora to meet the immense demand for kinase modulators, and also to overcome major unmet medical challenges in relation to signal transduction pathways. The signal transduction systems are amongst the foremost pathways involved in the maintenance of life and protein kinases play an imperative part in these signaling pathways. It is important to find a kinase inhibitor, as it can be used not only to study cell biology but can also be used as a drug candidate for cancer and metabolic disorders. A number of plant extracts and their isolated secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids have exhibited activities against various kinases. In the current review, we have presented a brief overview of some important classes of plant secondary metabolites as kinase modulators. Moreover, a number of phytocompounds with kinase inhibition potential, isolated from different plant species, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Global Asia in 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Imran M, Saeed F, Gilani SA, Shariati MA, Imran A, Afzaal M, Atif M, Tufail T, Anjum FM. Fisetin: An anticancer perspective. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3-16. [PMID: 33473265 PMCID: PMC7802565 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the provision of safe and cost-effective chemopreventive cancer approaches, still there are requirements to enhance their efficiency. The use of dietary agents as phytochemicals plays an imperative role against different human cancer cell lines. Among these novel dietary agents, fisetin (3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is present in different fruits and vegetables such as apple, persimmon, grape, strawberry, cucumber, and onion. Being a potent anticancer agent, fisetin has been used to inhibit stages in the cancer cells (proliferation, invasion), prevent cell cycle progression, inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis, cause polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and modulate the expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins in different cancer cell lines (HT-29, U266, MDA-MB-231, BT549, and PC-3M-luc-6), respectively. Further, fisetin also suppresses the activation of the PKCα/ROS/ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, reduces the NF-κB activation, and down-regulates the level of the oncoprotein securin. Fisetin also inhibited cell division and proliferation and invasion as well as lowered the TET1 expression levels. The current review article highlights and discusses the anticancer role of fisetin in cell cultures and animal and human studies. Conclusively, fisetin as a polyphenol with pleiotropic pharmacological properties showed promising anticancer activity in a wide range of cancers. Fisetin suppresses the cancer cell stages, prevents progression in cell cycle and cell growth, and induces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial ResistanceOrel StateUniversity Named After I.S. TurgenevOrelRussia
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home & Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma Q, He J. Enhanced expression of queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase 1 ( QTRT1) predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1658. [PMID: 33490170 PMCID: PMC7812218 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequently diagnosed type of lung cancer with high percentage of tumor relapse and metastasis. The correlation between queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase 1 (QTRT1) expression and LUAD remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential role of QTRT1 expression in the prognosis of LUAD. Methods We abstracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and four independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. In total, 1,012 LUAD samples and 112 normal tissue samples were selected. The relationship between QTRT1 expression, methylation, and clinical features in LUAD were determined, and bioinformatics analyses were also performed. Results The expression of QTRT1 was higher in LUAD patients. A marked downregulation in QTRT1 methylation in LUAD was also found. Low QTRT1 expression was associated with longer overall survival across the GEO and TCGA datasets (P=0.0033, 0.0022, respectively). Furthermore, QTRT1 expression was significantly correlated with 'axoneme assembly', 'androgen response', and 'epithelial mesenchymal transition', as determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis. Conclusions QTRT1 was highly expressed in LUAD, and enhanced expression of QTRT1 might therefore serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in LUAD. The result of bioinformatic analyses might present a new insight for investigating the pathogenesis of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee HS, Jung JI, Kim KH, Park SJ, Kim EJ. Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract suppresses migration and invasion in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:463-477. [PMID: 33029287 PMCID: PMC7520559 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Many studies have suggested that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) and its extract are anticancer agents. However, RVS had limited use because it contains urushiol, an allergenic toxin. By improving an existing allergen-removal extraction method, we developed a new allergen-free Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE) with higher flavonoid content. In this study, we examined whether RVSE inhibits the ability of AGS gastric cancer cells to migrate and invade. MATERIALS/METHODS The flavonoids content of RVSE was analyzed by HPLC. The effects of RVSE on migration and invasion in AGS cells were analyzed by each assay kit. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) protein expression was analyzed by protein antibody array. The Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 were assayed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS RVSE treatment with 0-100 μg/mL dose-dependently reduced the ability of AGS cells to migrate and invade. Notably, treatment with RVSE strongly inhibited the expression of MMP-9 and uPA and the phosphorylation of STAT3. In contrast, RVSE treatment dramatically increased the expression of PAI-1. These results indicate that the inhibition of MMP-9 and uPA expression and STAT3 phosphorylation and the stimulation of PAI-1 expression contributed to the decreased migration and invasion of AGS cells treated with RVSE. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RVSE may be used as a natural herbal agent to reduce gastric cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Jae In Jung
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Ji Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee JW, Choi HJ, Kim EJ, Hwang WY, Jung MH, Kim KS. Fisetin induces apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas through multiple pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7993. [PMID: 32409692 PMCID: PMC7224361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors in women, there is no effective therapy that can also preserve the uterus and maintain fertility. The work aimed to work was to discover a potential natural agent that has pharmacological activities on uterine leiomyomas with fewer adverse effects. We chose Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) as a candidate after primary cytotoxicity testing, and analyzed the RVS components that showed pharmacological activity. Leiomyoma cells and myometrium cells were cultured from uterine tissues obtained from patients, and were treated with RVS at varying concentrations. RVS was cytotoxic in both leiomyoma and myometrium cells; however, the effects were more prominent in the leiomyoma cells. Among the bioactive components of RVS, fisetin showed significant pharmacological effects on leiomyoma cells. Fisetin showed excellent leiomyoma cell cytotoxicity and induced apoptotic cell death with cell cycle arrest. The apoptotic cell death appeared to involve not one specific pathway but multichannel pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, MARK, and p53-mediated pathways), and autophagy. The multichannel apoptosis pathways were activated with a low concentration of fisetin (IC50). This is the first demonstration to show the pharmacological activities of fisetin on leiomyoma cells. These findings suggest that fisetin may be used for the prevention and treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Since fisetin can be obtained from plants, it may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for uterine leiomyomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jai Choi
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Woo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Min-Hyung Jung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Long L, Han X, Ma X, Li K, Liu L, Dong J, Qin B, Zhang K, Yang K, Yan H. Protective effects of fisetin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3177-3188. [PMID: 32266013 PMCID: PMC7132235 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of the myocardial protective effect of fisetin was studied in a rat ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to seven groups and pretreated with different solutions by gavage administration. A rat model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury was established. Plasma levels of Von Willebrand factor (vWF) were determined by ELISA, flow cytometry was used to determine the level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining was used to determine the size of myocardial infarcts. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of myocardial tissues were examined for pathological changes. Expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the model group, rats pretreated with fisetin, quercetin and aspirin showed significant prolongation of clotting time, prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fisetin treatment better maintained the integrity of myocardial fibers and nuclear integrity, reduced the percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells, inhibited expression of NF-κB, decreased the loss of MMP-9 and reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kB. Rats pretreated with fisetin also demonstrated a significant decrease in plasma levels of vWF. In addition, the protective effect of fisetin on myocardial cells was found to be dose dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Xuliang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Juanni Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Bei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kelin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen LF, Xu PY, Fu CP, Kankala RK, Chen AZ, Wang SB. Fabrication of Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Process-Assisted Fisetin-Encapsulated Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP) Nanocomposites for Improved Anticancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E322. [PMID: 32070047 PMCID: PMC7075186 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to its hydrophobicity, fisetin (FIS) often suffers from several limitations in terms of its applicability during the fabrication of pharmaceutical formulations. To overcome this intrinsic limitation of hydrophobicity, we demonstrate here the generation of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-encapsulated FIS nanoparticles (FIS-PVP NPs) utilizing a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method to enhance its aqueous solubility and substantial therapeutic effects. In this context, the effects of various processing and formulation parameters, including the solvent/antisolvent ratio, drug/polymer (FIS/PVP) mass ratio, and solution flow rate, on the eventual particle size as well as on distribution were investigated using a 23 factorial experimental design. Notably, the FIS/PVP mass ratio significantly affected the morphological attributes of the resultant particles. Initially, the designed constructs were characterized systematically using various techniques (e.g., chemical functionalities were examined with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and physical states were examined with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques). In addition, drug release as well as cytotoxicity evaluations in vitro indicated that the nanosized polymer-coated particles showed augmented performance efficiency compared to the free drug, which was attributable to the improvement in the dissolution rate of the FIS-PVP NPs due to their small size, facilitating a higher surface area over the raw form of FIS. Our findings show that the designed SAS process-assisted nanoconstructs with augmented bioavailability, have great potential for applications in pharmaceutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.-F.C.); (P.-Y.X.); (R.K.K.)
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Pei-Yao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.-F.C.); (P.-Y.X.); (R.K.K.)
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Chao-Ping Fu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.-F.C.); (P.-Y.X.); (R.K.K.)
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.-F.C.); (P.-Y.X.); (R.K.K.)
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao W, Gao W, Zheng P, Sun X, Wang L. Medroxyprogesterone acetate causes the alterations of endoplasmic reticulum related mRNAs and lncRNAs in endometrial cancer cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:163. [PMID: 31718641 PMCID: PMC6852953 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin is effective to promote endometrial cancer (EC) cells apoptosis, however, continuous progestin administration causes low level of progestin receptor B (PRB), further resulting in progestin resistance. Here, we performed microarray analysis on Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory influence of MPA on PRB+ EC cells. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed by using Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. Differentially expressed mRNA and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Furthermore, the functions of these mRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. QRT-PCR was further performed to verify the microarray data. RESULTS A total of 358 differentially expressed genes and 292 lncRNAs were identified in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. QRT-PCR verified these data. Functional enrichment analysis identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as the key pathway involved in the inhibitory effect of MPA on EC cells. And the ER stress apoptotic molecule CHOP and ER stress related molecule HERPUD1 were both highly expressed in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. Co-expression analysis showed lnc-CETP-3 was highly correlated with CHOP and HERPUD1, suggesting it might participate in ER stress pathway-related EC cell apoptosis caused by MPA. In addition, compared with untreated cells, lnc-CETP-3, CHOP and HERPUD1 were significantly up-regulated in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA, whereas they have no statistical significance in KLE cells (PRB-). CONCLUSIONS MPA may activate ER stress by progesterone-PRB pathway to up-regulate CHOP expression, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of MPA on EC cells with PRB+. Lnc-CETP-3 might be involved in this process. These findings may provide therapeutic targets for EC patients with PRB-, and resistance-related targets to increase the sensitivity of MPA on EC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wuyuan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Panchan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Monroe JD, Hodzic D, Millay MH, Patty BG, Smith ME. Anti-Cancer and Ototoxicity Characteristics of the Curcuminoids, CLEFMA and EF24, in Combination with Cisplatin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213889. [PMID: 31671767 PMCID: PMC6864451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the curcuminoids, CLEFMA and EF24, improved cisplatin efficacy and reduced cisplatin ototoxicity. We used the lung cancer cell line, A549, to determine the effects of the curcuminoids and cisplatin on cell viability and several apoptotic signaling mechanisms. Cellular viability was measured using the MTT assay. A scratch assay was used to measure cell migration and fluorescent spectrophotometry to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blots and luminescence assays were used to measure the expression and activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), caspases-3/7, -8, -9, and -12, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src). A zebrafish model was used to evaluate auditory effects. Cisplatin, the curcuminoids, and their combinations had similar effects on cell viability (IC50 values: 2-16 μM) and AIF, caspase-12, JNK, MAPK, and Src expression, while caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 activity was unchanged or decreased. Cisplatin increased ROS yield (1.2-fold), and curcuminoid and combination treatments reduced ROS (0.75-0.85-fold). Combination treatments reduced A549 migration (0.51-0.53-fold). Both curcuminoids reduced auditory threshold shifts induced by cisplatin. In summary, cisplatin and the curcuminoids might cause cell death through AIF and caspase-12. The curcuminoids may potentiate cisplatin's effect against A549 migration, but may counteract cisplatin's effect to increase ROS production. The curcuminoids might also prevent cisplatin ototoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Denis Hodzic
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Matthew H Millay
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Blaine G Patty
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Michael E Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka D, Czajkowska P, Hałas-Wiśniewska M, Durślewicz J, Antosik P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. Cellular and molecular alterations induced by low‑dose fisetin in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1261-1274. [PMID: 31638196 PMCID: PMC6831210 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of low concentrations of the flavonoid, fisetin, on K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells, in the context of both potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay, Trypan blue exclusion assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide test, cell cycle analysis, Transwell migration and invasion assays, the fluorescence staining of β-catenin and F-actin as well as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to achieve the research goal. Furthermore, the nature of the interaction between fisetin and arsenic trioxide in the K562 cells was analyzed according to the Chou-Talalay median-effect method. We found that low concentrations of fisetin had not only a negligible effect on the viability and apoptosis of the K562 cells, but also modulated the mRNA levels of selected metastatic-related markers, accompanied by an increase in the migratory and invasive properties of these cancer cells. Although some markers of cell death were significantly elevated in response to fisetin treatment, these were counterbalanced through anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signals. With decreasing concentrations of fisetin and arsenic trioxide, the antagonistic interactions between the 2 agents increased. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that careful consideration should be taken when advising cancer patients to take fisetin as a dietary supplement and when considering fisetin as a potential candidate for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Further more detailed studies are required to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Czajkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Hałas-Wiśniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85‑092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Xu C, Xu B, Li L, Li W, Wang W, Wu M. Xiaoai Jiedu Recipe Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Blocking the P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7538-7546. [PMID: 31590176 PMCID: PMC6792514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Its major histopathological subtype is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Xiaoai Jiedu recipe (XJR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that can suppress growth and invasion of tumor cells. Here, we assessed the antitumor effect of XJR on NSCLC explored the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three concentrations of XJR (low, middle, and high) were used to treat A549 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assay were used to measure proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was measured by Western blot analysis. Transwell and scratch wound healing assay were used to assess invasion and migration, respectively, of A549 cells. The expression of p38 MAPK pathway-associated proteins were measured using Western blot analysis. RESULTS XJR suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of A549 cells, especially in the high-dose group. The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced with increasing expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Invasion and migration abilities of A549 cells were inhibited after XJR treatment. XJR treatment decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), p-ERK, and p-JNK in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that XJR can inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induce apoptosis of NSCLC by blocking the p38 MAPK pathway, which shows the potential of XJR as a new treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Endoscopic Center of Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Endoscopic Center of Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenting Li
- Institute of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wang
- Endoscopic Center of Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Institute of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fisetin Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma through Upregulation of MEK/ERK-Targeting CTSS and ADAM9. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090948. [PMID: 31438640 PMCID: PMC6770737 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, is known to have anticarcinogenic effects against several cancers, but its role in mediating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression has not been delineated. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle distribution were measured using the 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry. The in vitro migration and invasion assay was used to examine in vivo cell migration and invasion. Human protease antibody array analysis was conducted with cell migration/invasion-related proteins. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used for assessing protein expression related to the cell cycle, cell invasion, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We found that fisetin significantly inhibited cell viability through cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, in addition to downregulating cyclin D1 and upregulating p21/p27. Fisetin inhibited the migration and invasion of human RCC cells through the downregulation of CTSS and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9). Fisetin also upregulated ERK phosphorylation in 786-O and Caki-1 cells. Furthermore, treatment with a MEK inhibitor (UO126) reduced the inhibitory effects of fisetin on the metastasis of RCC cells through the ERK/CTSS/ADAM9 pathway. Fisetin inhibits proliferation and metastasis of RCC cells by downregulating CTSS and ADAM9 through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These findings indicate that fisetin is a promising antitumor agent against RCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 stimulates noncanonical ER stress eIF2α activation to enhance fisetin-induced chemosensitivity in HDAC inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070918. [PMID: 31261976 PMCID: PMC6678694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common fatal type of malignant tumor that has highly metastatic and recurrent properties. Fisetin is a natural flavonoid found in various vegetables and fruits which exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as other effects. Thus, we hypothesized that fisetin can act as an adjuvant therapy in cancer or drug-resistant cancer cells, and further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of drug-resistance in HCC cells. We found that fisetin effectively inhibited the cell viability of not only parental cells but also histone deacetylase inhibitors-resistant (HDACis-R) cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of HCC cells. Interestingly, fisetin did not induce cell apoptosis through the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, but rather through the non-canonical pathway of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-mediated suppression of eIF2α phosphorylation. Moreover, fisetin-induced cell apoptosis was reversed by treatment with PP1 activator or eIF2α siRNA in HCC cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that PP1-eIF2α pathways are significantly involved in the effect of fisetin on HCC apoptosis. Thus, fisetin may act as a novel anticancer drug and new chemotherapy adjuvant which can improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and diminish their side-effects.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chiu CF, Lai GY, Chen CH, Chiu CC, Hung SW, Chang CF. 6,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene induces HCT116 cell apoptosis through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1609-1621. [PMID: 31190740 PMCID: PMC6512798 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and therefore, the development of novel drugs for its prevention and therapy are urgently required. This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of 6,7-dihydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl) naphthalene (PNAP-6)-induced cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. Methods The effects of 2-phenylnaphthalene derivatives on HCT116 cell growth and viability were assessed by MTT assays. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of the extrinsic apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways by PNAP-6 were analyzed by annexin-V/propidium iodide flow cytometric analysis, Hoechst 33342 fluorescent staining, and Western blotting. Results PNAP-6 was shown to have an IC50 value 15.20 μM. It induced G2/M phase arrest in HCT116 cells, associated with a marked decrease in cyclin B and CDK1 protein expression and increased caspase activation, PARP cleavage, chromatin condensation, and sub-G1 apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the apoptotic effects of PNAP-6 proceeded through extrinsic apoptosis and ER stress pathways, by increasing the expression of Fas protein and ER stress markers, including PERK, ATF4, CHOP, p-IRE1α, and XBP-1s. Conclusion These results suggest that 2-phenylnaphthalene derivatives, such as PNAP-6, have potential as new treatments for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ying Lai
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chao Chiu
- Division of Animal Industry, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Xiangshan, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Hung
- Division of Animal Industry, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Xiangshan, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Nursing Department, Yuanpei University, Xiangshan, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fen Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kashyap D, Garg VK, Tuli HS, Yerer MB, Sak K, Sharma AK, Kumar M, Aggarwal V, Sandhu SS. Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E174. [PMID: 31064104 PMCID: PMC6572624 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in healthcare facilities for diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. As prevention is always better than cure, efficient strategies are needed in order to deal with the menace of cancer. The use of phytochemicals as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in heterogeneous human carcinomas like breast, colon, lung, ovary, and prostate cancers has shown an upward trend during the last decade or so. Flavonoids are well-known products of plant derivatives that are reportedly documented to be therapeutically active phytochemicals against many diseases encompassing malignancies, inflammatory disorders (cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorder), and oxidative stress. The current review focuses on two key flavonols, fisetin and quercetin, known for their potential pharmacological relevance. Also, efforts have been made to bring together most of the concrete studies pertaining to the bioactive potential of fisetin and quercetin, especially in the modulation of a range of cancer signaling pathways. Further emphasis has also been made to highlight the molecular action of quercetin and fisetin so that one could explore cancer initiation pathways and progression, which could be helpful in designing effective treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh 160031, Punjab, India.
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | | | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur 134007, Haryana, India.
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, Punjab, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Zheng W, Feng X, Yang F, Qin H, Wu S, Hou DX, Chen J. Nrf2⁻ARE Signaling Acts as Master Pathway for the Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Fisetin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040708. [PMID: 30781396 PMCID: PMC6413105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, is reported to have cellular antioxidant activity with an unclear mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of fisetin on the nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in HepG2 cells to explore the cellular antioxidant mechanism. Fisetin upregulated the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and induced the protein of HO-1 but had no significant effect on the protein of GCLC, GCLM and NQO1. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 was clearly observed by immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting after fisetin treatment, and an enhanced luciferase activity of antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated transactivation was obtained by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. In addition, fisetin upregulated the protein level of Nrf2 and downregulated the protein level of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, fisetin had no significant effect on Nrf2 mRNA expression. When protein synthesis was inhibited with cycloheximide (CHX), fisetin prolonged the half-life of Nrf2 from 15 min to 45 min. When blocking Nrf2 degradation with proteasome inhibitor MG132, ubiquitinated proteins were enhanced, and fisetin reduced ubiquitination of Nrf2. Taken together, fisetin translocated Nrf2 into the nucleus and upregulated the expression of downstream HO-1 gene by inhibiting the degradation of Nrf2 at the post-transcriptional level. These data provide the molecular mechanism to understand the cellular antioxidant activity of fisetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Wan Zheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Shusong Wu
- 1515 Core Research Program, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- 1515 Core Research Program, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410128, China.
- 1515 Core Research Program, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guerra B, Issinger OG. Natural Compounds and Derivatives as Ser/Thr Protein Kinase Modulators and Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E4. [PMID: 30609679 PMCID: PMC6469162 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for new drugs is compelling, irrespective of the disease. Focusing on medical problems in the Western countries, heart disease and cancer are at the moment predominant illnesses. Owing to the fact that ~90% of all 21,000 cellular proteins in humans are regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation it is not surprising that the enzymes catalysing these reactions (i.e., protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively) have attracted considerable attention in the recent past. Protein kinases are major team players in cell signalling. In tumours, these enzymes are found to be mutated disturbing the proper function of signalling pathways and leading to uncontrolled cellular growth and sustained malignant behaviour. Hence, the search for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the altered protein kinase molecules in tumour cells has become a major research focus in the academia and pharmaceutical companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010028. [PMID: 30597838 PMCID: PMC6357032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. Targeting delayed/inhibited apoptosis is a major approach in cancer treatment and a highly active area of research. Plant derived natural compounds are of major interest due to their high bioavailability, safety, minimal side effects and, most importantly, cost effectiveness. Flavonoids have gained importance as anti-cancer agents and have shown great potential as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, a summary of flavonoids and their effectiveness in cancer treatment targeting apoptosis has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Won DH, Chung SH, Shin JA, Hong KO, Yang IH, Yun JW, Cho SD. Induction of sestrin 2 is associated with fisetin-mediated apoptosis in human head and neck cancer cell lines. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:97-105. [PMID: 30936621 PMCID: PMC6436036 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin was reported to have an anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity as a novel anti-cancer agent in various cancer cell lines. However, the possible molecular targets for the anti-cancer effect of fisetin in human head and neck cancer (HNCC) have not yet been clarified. In this study, the influence of fisetin on the growth and apoptosis of HNCCs were examined. In HSC3 cells, fisetin treatment reduced the viability and induced apoptosis. Through the results from the screening of the expression profile of apoptosis-related genes, sestrin 2 (SESN2) was functionally involved in fisetin-mediated apoptosis showing the knockdown of SESN2 by siRNA clearly restored fisetin-induced apoptosis. In addition, fisetin reduced the protein expression levels of phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and Mcl-1, which are the downstream molecules of SESN2. It also induced PARP cleavage by inducing an increase in the expression levels of SESN2 together with reducing mTOR and Mcl-1 proteins in other three HNCCs (MC3, Ca9.22, and HN22). Taken together, our findings suggest that the anti-cancer effect of fisetin on HNCCs is associated with SESN2/mTOR/Mcl-1 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ok Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lin L, Cao J, Yang S, Fu Z, Zeng P, Chu J, Ning L, Zhang T, Shi Y, Tian Q, Zhou X, Wang J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces spatial memory deficits by activating GSK-3. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3489-3502. [PMID: 29675957 PMCID: PMC6010738 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we injected tunicamycin (TM), a recognized ER stress inducer, into the brain ventricle of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), demonstrated by the enhanced phosphorylation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). We observed that UPR induced spatial memory deficits and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the rats. After TM treatment, GSK-3β was activated and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein at Ser129 (pS129-CREB) was increased with an increased nuclear co-localization of pY126-GSK-3β and pS129-CREB. Simultaneous inhibition of GSK-3β by hippocampal infusion of SB216763 (SB) attenuated TM-induced UPR and spatial memory impairment with restoration of pS129-CREB and synaptic plasticity. We concluded that UPR induces AD-like spatial memory deficits with mechanisms involving GSK-3β/pS129-CREB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Cell Molecular Biology Laboratory of Basic Medical CollegeHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanChina
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shu‐Sheng Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan Red Cross HospitalWuhanChina
| | - Zheng‐Qi Fu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Present address:
Department of Pathology and PathophysiologySchool of MedicineJianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiang Chu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lin‐Na Ning
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Wen Zhou
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Potential Efficacy of Allergen Removed Rhus Verniciflua Stokes Extract to Maintain Progression-Free Survival of Patients With Advanced Hepatobiliary Cancer. Explore (NY) 2018; 14:300-304. [PMID: 29803518 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most of the early-stage, surgically resectable cases show recurrence, and when they do, the prognosis is dismal with limited available treatment options. Here, we report three patients with relapsed hepatobiliary cancers who presented relatively long progression-free survival with the administration of a natural product, allergen removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract. After commencement of RVS extract, they were progression-free for over 56 months in one case of recurred cholangiocarcinoma, and for over 16 and 114 months respectively, in two cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. These cases suggest that the RVS extract could be a potential alternative for advanced hepatobiliary cancer that has no other available treatment.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen H, Liu RH. Potential Mechanisms of Action of Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention by Targeting Cellular Signaling Transduction Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3260-3276. [PMID: 29498272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health problem that significantly undermines life span and quality. Dietary approach helps provide preventive, nontoxic, and economical strategies against cancer. Increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are linked to reduced risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. The anticancer activities of plant-based foods are related to the actions of phytochemicals. One potential mechanism of action of anticancer phytochemicals is that they regulate cellular signal transduction pathways and hence affects cancer cell behaviors such as proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Recent publications have reported phytochemicals to have anticancer activities through targeting a wide variety of cell signaling pathways at different levels, such as transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation, protein activation and intercellular messaging. In this review, we discuss major groups of phytochemicals and their regulation on cell signaling transduction against carcinogenesis via key participators, such as Nrf2, CYP450, MAPK, Akt, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, NF-κB, and cancer-related miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
- Institute of Edible Fungi , Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403 , China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-7201 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A review on the chemotherapeutic potential of fisetin: In vitro evidences. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:928-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
38
|
Kashyap D, Sharma A, Sak K, Tuli HS, Buttar HS, Bishayee A. Fisetin: A bioactive phytochemical with potential for cancer prevention and pharmacotherapy. Life Sci 2017; 194:75-87. [PMID: 29225112 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthtitis, obesity and various cancers, are now being treated with cost effective phytomedicines. Since synthetic medicines are very expensive, concerted efforts are being made in developing and poor countries to discover cost effective medicines for the treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Understanding the underlying mechanisms of bioactive medicines from natural sources would not only open incipient avenues for the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry to discover new drug molecules for the therapy of NCDs, but also help to garner knowledge for alternative therapeutic approaches for the management of chronic diseases. Fisetin is a polyphenolic molecule of flavonoids class, and belongs to the bioactive phytochemicals that have potential to block multiple signaling pathways associated with NCDs such as cell division, angiogenesis, metastasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The emerging evidence suggests that fisetin may be useful for the prevention and management of several types of human malignancies. Efforts are being made to enhance the bioavailability of fisetin after oral administration to prevent and/or treat cancer of the liver, breast, ovary and other organs. The intent of this review is to highlight the in vitro and in vivo activities of fisetin and to provide up-to-date information about the molecular interactions of fisetin with its cellular targets involved in cancer initiation, promotion and progression as well as to focus on strategies underway to increase the bioavailability and reduce the risk of deleterious effects, if any, associated with fisetin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Career Point University, Tikker-Kharwarian, Hamirpur 176 041, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li L, Zeng TT, Zhang BZ, Li Y, Zhu YH, Guan XY. Overexpression of HN1L promotes cell malignant proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:904-915. [PMID: 29053395 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a progressive malignant disease, involving the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel oncogene hematopoietic- and neurologic-expressed sequence 1-like (HN1L) in human NSCLC. Overexpression of HN1L was frequently detected in primary NSCLC compared with their non-tumor counterparts (P < 0.001), which was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.022). In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulation of HN1L correlated with worse overall survival (P = 0.029) and disease-free survival (P = 0.011) for NSCLC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that inhibition of HN1L expression with shRNA dramatically inhibited cell growth, adherent and non-adherent colony formation, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The positive correlation of HN1L expression and Ki67 level in a large NSCLC samples further suggested the key role of HN1L in the regulation of cell growth. Further study showed that knockdown of HN1L resulted in dramatic cell cycle arrest by interfering with MAPK pathway via interacting with RASA4 protein. In conclusion, HN1L plays a crucial role in the progression of NSCLC by contributing to malignant proliferation, with possible use as a new intervention point for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Bao-Zhu Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b Department of Clinical Oncology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Min KJ, Nam JO, Kwon TK. Fisetin Induces Apoptosis Through p53-Mediated Up-Regulation of DR5 Expression in Human Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081285. [PMID: 28767099 PMCID: PMC6151974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, cucumbers, and onions. Since fisetin can elicit anti-cancer effects, including anti-proliferation and anti-migration, we investigated whether fisetin induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki) cells. Fisetin markedly induced sub-G1 population and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is a marker of apoptosis, and increased caspase activation. We found that pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) inhibited fisetin-induced apoptosis. In addition, fisetin induced death receptor 5 (DR5) expression at the transcriptional level, and down-regulation of DR5 by siRNA blocked fisetin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, fisetin induced p53 protein expression through up-regulation of protein stability, whereas down-regulation of p53 by siRNA markedly inhibited fisetin-induced DR5 expression. In contrast, fisetin induced up-regulation of CHOP expression and reactive oxygen species production, which had no effect on fisetin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that fisetin induced apoptosis through p53 mediated up-regulation of DR5 expression at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Su CH, Kuo CL, Lu KW, Yu FS, Ma YS, Yang JL, Chu YL, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Chung JG. Fisetin-induced apoptosis of human oral cancer SCC-4 cells through reactive oxygen species production, endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-, and mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1725-1741. [PMID: 28181380 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases in human populations and its incidence rates are rising worldwide. Fisetin, a flavonoid from natural products, has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines but the molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells is still unclear; thus, in this study, we investigated fisetin-induced cell death and associated signal pathways on human oral cancer SCC-4 cells in vitro. We examined cell morphological changes, total viable cells, and cell cycle distribution by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ , mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm ), and caspase-8, -9, and -3 activities were also measured by flow cytometer. Results indicate that fisetin induced cell death through the cell morphological changes, caused G2/M phase arrest, induction of apoptosis, promoted ROS and Ca2+ production, and decreased the level of ΔΨm and increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in SCC-4 cells. DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were also used to confirm fisetin-induced cell apoptosis in SCC-4 cells. Western blotting also found out that Fisetin increased the proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bid and decreased the antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2. Furthermore, results also showed that Fisetin increased the cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G release from mitochondria in SCC-4 cells. We also used ATF-6α, ATF-6β, GADD153, and GRP78 which indicated that fisetin induced cell death through ER stress. Based on those observations, we suggest that fisetin induced cell apoptosis through ER stress, mitochondria-, and caspase-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuan Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yen JH, Wu PS, Chen SF, Wu MJ. Fisetin Protects PC12 Cells from Tunicamycin-Mediated Cell Death via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Modulation of Nrf2-Driven Gene Expression, SIRT1 and MAPK Signaling in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040852. [PMID: 28420170 PMCID: PMC5412436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a dietary flavonol and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, high concentration of fisetin is reported to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytoprotective effects of low concentration of fisetin against tunicamycin (Tm)-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. METHODS Cell viability was assayed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptotic and autophagic markers were analyzed by Western blot. Gene expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) and Phase II enzymes was further investigated using RT-Q-PCR or Western blotting. Intracellular ROS level was measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA) by a fluorometer. The effects of fisetin on mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting and specific inhibitors. RESULTS Fisetin (<20 µM) restored cell viability and repressed apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in Tm-treated cells. Fisetin attenuated Tm-mediated expression of ER stress genes, such as glucose-regulated proteins 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP also known as GADD153) and Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3), but induced the expression of nuclear E2 related factor (Nrf)2-targeted heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT/SLC7A11), in both the presence and absence of Tm. Moreover, fisetin enhanced phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH₂-terminal protein kinase), and p38 MAPK. Addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly antagonized its cytoprotective activity and modulatory effects on UPR. Fisetin also restored Tm-inhibited SIRT1 expression and addition of sirtinol (SIRT1 activation inhibitor) significantly blocked fisetin-mediated cytoprotection. In conclusion, this result shows that fisetin activates Nrf2, MAPK and SIRT1, which may elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways so as to protect cells from Tm-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Identifying reproducible cancer-associated highly expressed genes with important functional significances using multiple datasets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36227. [PMID: 27796338 PMCID: PMC5086981 DOI: 10.1038/srep36227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes between cancer and normal tissues is of basic importance for studying cancer mechanisms. However, current methods, such as the commonly used Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), are biased to genes with low expression levels. Recently, we proposed an algorithm, named the pairwise difference (PD) algorithm, to identify highly expressed DE genes based on reproducibility evaluation of top-ranked expression differences between paired technical replicates of cells under two experimental conditions. In this study, we extended the application of the algorithm to the identification of DE genes between two types of tissue samples (biological replicates) based on several independent datasets or sub-datasets of a dataset, by constructing multiple paired average gene expression profiles for the two types of samples. Using multiple datasets for lung and esophageal cancers, we demonstrated that PD could identify many DE genes highly expressed in both cancer and normal tissues that tended to be missed by the commonly used SAM. These highly expressed DE genes, including many housekeeping genes, were significantly enriched in many conservative pathways, such as ribosome, proteasome, phagosome and TNF signaling pathways with important functional significances in oncogenesis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) and butein induce apoptosis of paclitaxel-resistant SKOV-3/PAX ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:122. [PMID: 27121110 PMCID: PMC4848824 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and traditionally used for cancer treatment. RVS and butein, a major compound of RVS, were known to induce apoptosis via AKT inhibition in cancer cells. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of RVS and its derivative compounds (fisetin, quercetin, butein) on cell death in SKOV-3/PAX cells. METHODS The 80 % ethanol extract of RVS and its derivative compounds (fisetin, quercetin, butein) were prepared. The cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Apoptotic cells were detected by staining with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/7-aminoactinomycin D (Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD). The expression level of intracellular signaling related-proteins in apoptosis and growth were measured by western blot assay. RESULTS We found that RVS and butein suppressed the growth of SKOV-3/PAX cells in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that RVS and butein produced the cleavage of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP. Similarly, sub-G1 phase and Annexin V-FITC positive cells were increased by RVS and butein. Moreover, RVS and butein significantly reduced AKT phosphorylation in SKOV-3/PAX cells. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 caused PARP cleavage supporting our finding. CONCLUSION Our data clearly indicate that RVS and butein induce apoptosis of SKOV-3/PAX cells through inhibition of AKT activation. RVS and butein could be useful compounds for the treatment for paclitaxel resistant-ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|