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Raghav A, Attri M, Chaudhary H. Review of Phytosomes and Ethosomes: Groundbreaking Approaches for Delivering the Phytochemical Components of Plants. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:CDD-EPUB-138877. [PMID: 38425111 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018282264240218034853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Phytoconstituents have been widely used since ancient times to form a complex with phospholipids due to their various therapeutic actions. Despite having strong pharmacodynamic efficiency, numerous phytoconstituents have shown lower in vivo bioavailability and few adverse effects. Phytochemicals soluble in water exhibit poor absorption, leading to a limited therapeutic impact. Phytosome nanotechnology overcomes this limitation by creating a bound of phytochemicals with phospholipids. This method exhibits improved absorption because phytosomes inhibit significant herbal extract components from being degraded by gastric juices and gut flora. This improves bioavailability, increases clinical benefit, and ensures delivery to tissues without compromising nutritional stability. This review also aims to highlight those vesicular systems that could be used in phytosome technology. Additionally, this review highlights the preparation, advantage, characterization, applications, and recent development of phytosome and ethosome with a list of recent patents and marketed formulations and their uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Raghav
- School of Medical and Allied Science, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Attri
- School of Medical and Allied Science, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
| | - Hema Chaudhary
- School of Medical and Allied Science, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
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Nashaat D, Elsabahy M, Hassanein KMA, El-Gindy GA, Ibrahim EH. Development and in vivo evaluation of therapeutic phytosomes for alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123332. [PMID: 37625602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with progressive articular damage, functional loss and comorbidity. Conventional RA therapy requires frequent dosing and prolonged use, and usually results in poor efficacy and severe toxicity. In the current study, for the first time, we describe a combination strategy using phytosomes co-loaded with curcumin (CUR) and leflunomide (LEF) to improve the clinical outcomes of RA therapy. Exploiting 23 factorial design, various compositions of CUR and LEF co-loaded phytosomes (CUR/LEF-phytosomes) were successfully prepared and were extensively characterized (e.g., particle size, zeta potential, drugs encapsulation efficiency, morphology, DSC, FTIR and release kinetics). The optimal CUR/LEF-loaded phytosomes (F2) demonstrated high stability and spherical morphology with a particle size of ca. 760 nm and negative zeta potential value of - 55.7, high entrapment for both drugs, and sustained release profile of the entrapped medications. In vivo, oral administration of the CUR/LEF-phytosomes (F2) in arthritic rats resulted in significant reduction of paw swelling and inflammatory markers, compared to the free drugs and their physical mixture. Histopathological examination revealed significant improvement in phytosomes-treated animal group with no signs of arthritis. CUR/LEF-loaded phytosomes provide an auspicious strategy for alleviation of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Nashaat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; School of Biotechnology and BUC Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Khaled M A Hassanein
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A El-Gindy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ehsan H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Prabha J, Kumar M, Kumar D, Chopra S, Bhatia A. Nano-platform Strategies of Herbal Components for the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review on the Battle for Next-Generation Formulations. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 21:CDD-EPUB-134041. [PMID: 37622715 DOI: 10.2174/1567201821666230825102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that initially affects small joints and then spreads to the bigger joints. It also affects other organs of the body such as the lungs, eyes, kidneys, heart, and skin. In RA, there is destruction of cartilage and joints, and ligaments and tendons become brittle. Damage to the joints leads to abnormalities and bone degradation, which may be quite painful for the patient. METHOD The nano-carriers such as liposomes, phytosomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules, and niosomes are developed to deliver the encapsulated phytoconstituents to targeted sites for the better management of RA. RESULTS The phytoconstituents loaded nano-carriers have been used in order to increase bioavailability, stability and reduce the dose of an active compound. In one study, the curcumin-loaded phytosomes increase the bioavailability of curcumin and also provides relief from RA symptoms. The drug-loaded nano-carriers are the better option for the management of RA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are many anti-arthritic herbal and synthetic medicine available in the market that are currently used in the treatment of RA. However, chronic use of these medications may result in a variety of side effects. Because therapy for RA is frequently necessary for the rest of ones life. The use of natural products may be a better option for RA management. These phytoconstituents, however, have several disadvantages, including limited bioavailability, low stability, and the need for a greater dosage. These problems can be rectified by using nano-technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Shruti Chopra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh - 201313 (India)
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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Talaat SM, Elnaggar YSR, El-Ganainy SO, Gowayed MA, Allam M, Abdallah OY. Self-assembled fisetin-phospholipid complex: Fisetin-integrated phytosomes for effective delivery to breast cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 189:174-188. [PMID: 37343893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, fisetin (FIS) is extensively studied as potent anticancer surrogate with a multitarget actions against various types of cancers including breast cancer. However, its poor aqueous solubility handicapped its clinical utility. The current work endeavored, for the first time, to develop FIS phytosomes (FIS-PHY) for improving its physicochemical properties and subsequently its anticancer activity. Optimization of FIS- phytosomes involved different preparation techniques (Thin film hydration and ethanol injection) and different FIS: phospholipid molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). Complex formation was confirmed by complexation efficiency, infrared spectroscopy (IR), solubility studies and transmission electron microscope. The optimized FIS-PHY of 1:1 M ratio (PHY1) exhibited a nanometric particle size of 233.01 ± 9.46 nm with homogenous distribution (PDI = 0.27), negative zeta potential of - 29.41 mV, 100% complexation efficiency and controlled drug release over 24 h. In-vitro cytotoxicity study showed 2.5-fold decrease in IC50 of PHY1 compared with free FIS. Also, pharmacodynamic studies confirmed the promoted cytotoxicity of PHY1 against breast cancer through modulating TGF-β1/MMP-9 molecular pathways of tumorigenesis. Overall, overcoming FIS drawbacks were successfully achieved through development of innovative biocompatible phytosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt; Head of International Publication and Nanotechnology Center INCC, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maram Allam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Gaikwad SS, Morade YY, Kothule AM, Kshirsagar SJ, Laddha UD, Salunkhe KS. Overview of phytosomes in treating cancer: Advancement, challenges, and future outlook. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16561. [PMID: 37260890 PMCID: PMC10227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of death on the globe is cancer. It has remained a significant obstacle for current therapies and has not yet been effectively treated. Conventional treatment strategies available for cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy etc. have severe adverse effects. The use of herbal active constituents in cancer treatment has tremendous potential to increase the effectiveness of conventional cancer therapy. Natural plant active components have been reported to have strong in vitro pharmacological activity but narrow in vivo absorption. In order to increase their bioavailability and absorption and get around the drawbacks and negative effects of traditional herbal extracts, Phytosomes are one of the growing nanotechnologies that can be used to improve the miscibility of bioactive phytoconstituents in lipid-rich barriers and overcome their poor bioavailability. Many novel drug delivery carriers are employed for targeted delivery of phytoconstituent at the site of action. Phytosomes are well-known biocompatible nanocarriers that can be employed to increase the solubility and permeability of phytopharmaceuticals among various novel drug delivery systems (NDDS). This review mainly focused on various conventional as well as novel approaches and various Nano carrier used in cancer therapies. Also comprising summary of the most recent research on the development and use of phytosomes as a better carrier for herbal constituents in the treatment of cancer. Additionally provides information about the formulation, characterization technique and mechanism of drug release from phytosome. Some of the major herbal active constituents made of phytosome which have shown proven anticancer activity are also studied. Finally, challenges and future perspective related to phytosome in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Yogita Y. Morade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Akshada M. Kothule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Sanjay J. Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Umesh D. Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Kishor S. Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
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Govindaram LK, Bratty MA, Alhazmi HA, Kandasamy R, Thangavel N, Ibrahim AM, Mariya GA, Ponnuchamy K. Formulation, biopharmaceutical evaluation and in-vitro screening of polyherbal phytosomes for breast cancer therapy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:552-565. [PMID: 36269296 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia has a rich culture of folk medicines and three such common herbs used by Saudi people for therapy of breast cancer are Turmeric (Kurkum) Curcuma longa, Chamomile (Babunaj) Matricaria chamomilla, and Aswaghantha (Aswaghadh) Withania somnifera. Hence, the present study aims to develop a polyherbal phytosome formulation by thin film hydration technique with a synergistic anti-cancer effect for the treatment of breast cancer. The phytosomes were standardized for their phytoconstituents by HPTLC and showed the best optimal properties with a mean vesicle diameter of less than 200 nm, zeta potential in the range of -24.43 to -35.70 mV, and relatively integrated structure with fairly uniform size on TEM. The in vitro MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and MDA MB 231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines was carried out. MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines indicated that plant extract-loaded phytosomes exhibited enhanced cytotoxic effects at IC50 values. of 55, 50, 45, 52, 42, 44, and 20µg/mL compared to the extracts of C. longa, M. chamomilla, W. somnifera, and their combined extracts (80, 82, 74, 60, 70, 60, and 35 µg/mL respectively). Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species production was found to be higher for phytosomes treated cells at respective IC50 concentrations when compared to extracts. Overall, the developed polyherbal phytosomes were found to be effective and afford synergistic effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha K Govindaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Angum M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gover Antoniraj Mariya
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bernardo J, Cláudia Santos A, Videira RA, Valentão P, Veiga F, Andrade PB. Trichilia catigua and Turnera diffusa phyto-phospholipid nanostructures: physicochemical characterization and bioactivity in cellular models of induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121774. [PMID: 35489602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid-based therapies supported by nanotechnology are considered valuable strategies to prevent or delay age-related and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Egg yolk phospholipids were combined with flavonoid-rich extracts obtained from Trichilia catigua A.Juss. (rich in flavan-3-ols and phenylpropanoid derivatives) or Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult (dominated by luteolin derivatives) to prepare nanophytosomes. The nanophytosomes showed that size and surface charge of the lipid-based vesicles are dependent of their phenolic composition. In vitro assays with SH-SY5Y cells showed that both formulations protect cells from glutamate-induced toxicity, but not from 6-hydroxydopamine/ascorbic acid. T. diffusa nanophytosomes promote a decrease of nitric oxide produced by BV-2 cells stimulated with interferon-γ. Nanophytosomes dialysed against a mannitol solution, and then lyophilised, allow to obtain freeze-dried products that after re-hydration preserve the essential physicochemical features of the original formulations, and exhibit improved colloidal stability. These results indicate that these flavonoid/phospholipid-based nanophytosomes have suitable features to be considered as tool in the development of therapeutic and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bernardo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Upadhyay P, Singh D, Upadhyay S. Vesicular Approach Review on Nanocarriers bearing Curcumin and Applications. Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul 2022; 16:RADDF-EPUB-122216. [PMID: 35379164 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220404092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoconstituents have been used to treat a variety of human diseases for a long time, but their use in pharmaceuticals is limited because of their low aqueous solubility. Researchers have created vesicular systems to address many of the issues associated with the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs and target the drug to the desired location in the body. Several vesicular nanocarrier systems have been developed. Review contrasts various vesicular drug delivery systems, including liposomes, sphingosomes, emulsomes, niosomes, ethosomes, virosomes, phytosomes, aquasomes, proniosomes, transfersomes, pharmacosomes. Vesicular drug delivery systems have caused a scientific revolution, which has resulted in the development of novel dosage forms. This review aims to illustrate the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of the vesicular approach as nanocarriers bearing curcumin and widely used in gene delivery, tumor-targeting to the brain, oral formulations, and resolving various problems associated with drug stability and permeability issues. Nanocarriers also has wide application as green nanocomposites and for antitubercular drugs depending on their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukirti Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wahab S, Alshahrani MY, Ahmad MF, Abbas H. Current trends and future perspectives of nanomedicine for the management of colon cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174464. [PMID: 34474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) kills countless people every year throughout the globe. It persists as one of the highly lethal diseases to be treated because the overall survival rate for CC is meagre. Early diagnosis and efficient treatments are two of the biggest hurdles in the fight against cancer. In the present work, we will review thriving strategies for CC targeted drug delivery and critically explain the most recent progressions on emerging novel nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology-based animal and human clinical trial studies targeting CC are discussed. Advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems intended to enhance cellular uptake, improved pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of anticancer drugs have facilitated the powerful targeting of specific agents for CC therapy. This review provides insight into current progress and future opportunities for nanomedicines as potential curative targets for CC treatment. This information could be used as a platform for the future expansion of multi-functional nano constructs for CC's advanced detection and functional drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim Abbas
- Queens Medical Center, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS, Nottingham, UK
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Gaafar PME, El-Salamouni NS, Farid RM, Hazzah HA, Helmy MW, Abdallah OY. Pegylated liquisomes: A novel combined passive targeting nanoplatform of L-carnosine for breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120666. [PMID: 33933646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated Liquisomes (P-Liquisomes), a novel drug delivery system was designed for the first time by incorporating phospholipid complex in PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (P-LCNPs). L-carnosine (CN), a challenging dipeptide, has proven to be a promising anti-cancer drug. However, it exhibits high water solubility and extensive in-vivo degradation that halts its use. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of our novel system to improve the CN anticancer activity by prolonging it's release and protecting it in-vivo. In-vitro appraisal revealed spherical light-colored vesicles encapsulated in the liquid crystals, confirming the successful formation of the combined system. P-Liquisomes were nano-sized (149.3 ± 1.4 nm), with high ZP (-40.2 ± 1.5 mV), complexation efficiency (97.5 ± 0.9%) and outstanding sustained release of only 75.4% released after 24 h, compared to P-LCNPs and Phytosomes. The results obtained with P-Liquisomes are considered as a break through compared to P-LCNPs or Phytosomes alone, especially when dealing with the hydrophilic CN. In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, revealed superior cytotoxic effect of P-Liquisomes (IC50 = 25.9) after 24 h incubation. Besides, P-Liquisomes proved to be non-toxic in-vivo and succeeded to show superior chemopreventive activity manifested by reduction of; % tumor growth (7.1%), VEGF levels (14.3 pg/g tissue), cyclin D1 levels 15.5 ng/g tissue and elevation in caspase-3 level (36.4 ng/g tissue), compared to Phytosomes and CN solution. Conclusively, P-Liquisomes succeded to achieve the maximum therapeutic outcome of CN without altering its activity and might be used as a sustained delivery system for other promising hydrophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mancini S, Nardo L, Gregori M, Ribeiro I, Mantegazza F, Delerue-Matos C, Masserini M, Grosso C. Functionalized liposomes and phytosomes loading Annona muricata L. aqueous extract: Potential nanoshuttles for brain-delivery of phenolic compounds. Phytomedicine 2018; 42:233-244. [PMID: 29655691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-target drugs have gained significant recognition for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as depression. Under a screening study of multi-potent medicinal plants with claimed antidepressant-like activity, the phenolic-rich Annona muricata aqueous extract (AE) emerged as a moderate monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) inhibitor and a strong hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger. PURPOSE In order to protect this extract from gastrointestinal biotransformation and to improve its permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), four phospholipid nanoformulations of liposomes and phytosomes functionalized with a peptide ligand promoting BBB crossing were produced. METHODS AE and nanoformulations were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, HPLC-DAD, spectrophotometric, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering methods. Cytotoxicity and permeability studies were carried out using an in vitro transwell model of the BBB, composed of immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), and in vitro hMAO-A inhibition and H2O2 scavenging activities were performed with all samples. RESULTS The encapsulation/binding of AE was more efficient with phytosomes, while liposomes were more stable, displaying a slower extract release over time. In general, phytosomes were less toxic than liposomes in hCMEC/D3 cells and, when present, cholesterol improved the permeability across the cell monolayer of all tested nanoformulations. All nanoformulations conserved the antioxidant potential of AE, while phosphatidylcholine interfered with MAO-A inhibition assay. CONCLUSIONS Overall, phytosome formulations registered the best performance in terms of binding efficiency, enzyme inhibition and scavenging activity, thus representing a promising multipotent phenolic-rich nanoshuttle for future in vivo depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Gregori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Freag MS, Saleh WM, Abdallah OY. Laminated chitosan-based composite sponges for transmucosal delivery of novel protamine-decorated tripterine phytosomes: Ex-vivo mucopenetration and in-vivo pharmacokinetic assessments. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [PMID: 29525146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, laminated chitosan (CS):hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) composite sponges were exploited as solid matrices for buccal delivery of tripterine phytosomes functionalized with novel mucopenetrating protamine layer (PRT-TRI-PHY). Tripterine (TRI) is a herbal drug widely investigated as a potential anticancer candidate against various types of cancers. However, clinical use of TRI is handicapped by its low oral bioavailability. To surmount TRI pharmaceutical obstacles, TRI phytosomes (TRI-PHY) were prepared using solvent evaporation technique then coated with a protamine layer via electrostatic assembly process. The developed PRT-TRI-PHY showed a nano-metric size of 250 nm and positive zeta potential (+21.6 mV). Sponges loaded with PRT-TRI-PHY demonstrated a sustained release profile with superior mucoadhesion characteristics compared with the counterparts loaded with uncoated TRI-PHY. The ex-vivo permeation study via chicken pouch mucosa revealed that sponges loaded with PRT-TRI-PHY demonstrated 2.3-folds higher flux value compared with sponges loaded with uncoated TRI-PHY. Additionally, in-vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy rabbits revealed the significantly higher bioavailability of PRT-TRI-PHY compared with TRI-PHY with relative bioavailability of 244%. Conclusively, mucoadhesive CS-HPMC sponges loaded with a novel mucopenetrating nanocarrier, PRT-TRI-PHY, could significantly improve the absorption of tripterine via buccal mucosa which would be of prime importance for its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Wedad M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-mukhtar University, Libya
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Freag MS, Saleh WM, Abdallah OY. Self-assembled phospholipid-based phytosomal nanocarriers as promising platforms for improving oral bioavailability of the anticancer celastrol. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:18-26. [PMID: 29102699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol (CST) is a promising natural drug of herbal origin that gained a great interest in the recent years by virtue of its wide variety of pharmacological actions. Nowadays, CST is extensively studied as a natural anticancer surrogate with a potential activity against various types of cancers. However, CST suffers from many limitations that handicapped its clinical utility such as limited aqueous solubility and poor gastrointestinal absorption which resulted into its low oral bioavailability. This work spotlights, for the first time, development of self-assembled phytosomal nanocarriers (CST-PHY) for improving CST solubility and oral bioavailability. First CST-phospholipid complex was prepared by a simple solvent evaporation technique. Formation of CST-phospholipid complex was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and partition coefficient determination. After dispersion into deionized water, CST-phospholipid complex was self-assembled to form CST-PHY. The optimized CST-PHY demonstrated a nanometric particle size of 178.4±7.07nm and a negative zeta potential of -38.7±3.61mV. Comparative in-vitro release study showed the ability of phytosomes to significantly enhance CST release compared with crude drug and physical mixture. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits revealed significant improvement in CST-PHY oral bioavailability compared with crude CST evidenced by 4-fold increase in AUC0-8 and 5-fold increase in Cmax of CST-PHY compared with crude CST. Conclusively, the results confirmed the potential of phytosomal nanocarriers to improve CST oral delivery paving the way for its use for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Wedad M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-mukhtar University, Libya
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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