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Bahçıvan A, Şaylan M, Sagdic O, Bakırdere S. CoSn(OH) 6 nanocubes as a solid sorbent for the effective preconcentration of copper ions in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract. Food Chem 2024; 447:139037. [PMID: 38513484 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This study was aimed at developing a simple and efficient CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes-based preconcentration method for the preconcentration of copper ions from cinnamon extracts for determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The cube-shaped sorbent was synthesized using the simple stoichiometric co-precipitation method under ambient conditions. Experimental factors of the method were evaluated with a comprehensive optimization approach to maximize the extraction efficiency for the analyte. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and linear dynamic range were recorded as 0.98 µg/L, 3.28 µg/L, and 4.0-75 µg/L, respectively. The enhancement factor was calculated as 101.6-fold by comparing the LODs of the optimized and direct analysis systems. Percent recoveries were found to be within an acceptable range (77.6-115 %), with high repeatability using matrix matching calibration strategy. Results validated the proposed method as a highly efficient extraction approach for the monitoring of copper ions in herbal cinnamon extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyna Bahçıvan
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Food Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Şaylan
- Yıldız Technical University, Chemistry Department, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye; İstanbul Health and Technology University, Department of Pharmacy, 34421 İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Osman Sagdic
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Food Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Chemistry Department, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, Çankaya 06670, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Wei C, Wu L, Wu Y, Xu C, Hu H, Wang Z. Selection and evaluation of quality markers (Q-markers) of vladimiriae radix extract for cholestatic liver injury based on spectrum-effect relationship, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 329:118151. [PMID: 38588988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a representative local medicinal herb produced in China, Vladimiriae Radix (VR) has been proven to exert hepatoprotective and choleretic effects, with particular therapeutic efficacy in cholestatic liver injury (CLI), as demonstrated by the VR extract (VRE). However, the quality markers (Q-markers) of VRE for the treatment of CLI remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY A new strategy based on the core element of "efficacy" was proposed, using a combination of spectrum-effect relationship, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking methods to select and confirm Q-markers of VRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, the HPLC fingerprinting of 10 batches of VRE was studied, and the in vivo pharmacological index of anti-CLI in rats was determined. The spectrum-effect relationship was utilized as a screening method to identify the Q-markers of VRE. Secondly, Q-markers were used as VRE pharmacokinetic markers to measure their concentrations in normal and CLI rat plasma, and to analyze their disposition. Finally, molecular docking was utilized to predict the potential interaction between the identified Q-markers and crucial targets of CLI. RESULTS The fingerprints of 10 batches of VRE was established. The in vivo pharmacological evaluation of rats showed that VRE had a significant therapeutic effect on CLI. The spectrum-effect correlation analysis showed that costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH) were the Q-markers of VRE anti-CLI. The pharmacokinetic results showed that AUC(0-t), Cmax, CLZ/F, and VZ/F of COS and DEH in CLI rats had significant differences (P < 0.01). They were effectively absorbed into the blood plasma of CLI rats, ensuring ideal bioavailability, and confirming their role as Q-markers. Molecular docking results showed that COS, DEH had good affinity with key targets (FXR, CAR, PXR, MAPK, TGR5, NRF2) for CLI treatment (Binding energy < -4.52 kcal mol-1), further verifying the correctness of Q-marker selection. CONCLUSIONS In this study, through the combination of experimental and theoretical approaches from the aspects of pharmacodynamic expression, in vivo process rules, and interaction force prediction, the therapeutic effect of VRE and Q-markers (COS、DEH) were elucidated. Furthermore, a new idea based on the principle of "efficacy" was successfully proposed for screening and evaluating Q-markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Alem WT. Effect of herbal extracts in animal nutrition as feed additives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24973. [PMID: 38322944 PMCID: PMC10845724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper is reviewed with the objective to understand the effect of herbal extracts on animal performance as feed additives. The number of both external and internal factors which affects the production and productivity of animals obviously includes nutrition as a major factor. Feed additives are products used in animal nutrition to increase the quality of feed and animal-derived foods, as well as the performance and the health of animals. Plant extracts as feed additives are described as herbal-derived components added to ration to improve livestock performance and product quality. Many herbal extracts contain chemical components that have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticoccidial and anthelmintic properties to improve ruminal microbial activity, diet palatability and stimulate digestion. Bioactive chemicals found in nature, such as flavonoids and glucosinolates isoprene derivatives, are primarily responsible for the qualities of plant extracts. Plant extracts are commonly added to feed to increase palatability, productivity and to inhibit lipid oxidation. When added to meals, herbal extracts aid to decrease rancidity, delay the generation of hazardous oxidation products, and retain nutritional quality. It is concluded that; herbal extracts are important to improve growth performance and product quality.
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Kumari P, Shirumalla RK, Bhalla V, Alam MS. New Emerging Aspect of Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: Overview. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:CRR-EPUB-136864. [PMID: 38173067 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971273691231121131455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As the global population ages, osteoporosis is becoming a more common silent disease. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone quality and strength, which increases the risk of fragility fractures in the elderly. According to estimates, 50% of women eventually suffer from an osteoporotic fracture. Due to increasing disability, more frequent hospital hospitalizations, and most critically, fragility fractures have been linked to a reduced quality of life. Osteoporotic fractures have been linked to an increased mortality risk; and must be considered in awareness as a serious health concern. There are anti-osteoporotic medications available that improve bone quality. Considering the availability of various treatment options, still there are a lot of underserved needs in the treatment of fractures and osteoporosis. For example, the application of natural products and herbal resources for fracture healing, because of the androgen-like and antioxidant characteristics of the plants, they can play a crucial for accelerating the repair of bone fractures. In this article, we'll discuss the herbal remedies that are essential for treating osteoporosis (bone disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kumari
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Raj K Shirumalla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Vijay Bhalla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, SGT University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
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Abdel-Wahhab KG, Sayed RS, El-Sahra DG, Hassan LK, Elqattan GM, Mannaa FA. Echinacea purpurea extract intervention for counteracting neurochemical and behavioral changes induced by bifenthrin. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:101-113. [PMID: 38150137 PMCID: PMC10799807 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective efficiency of Echinacea purpurea hydroethanolic extract (EchEE) against bifenthrin (BIF)-induced neuro-chemical and behavioral changes in rats. Total phenolics content, reducing power and radical scavenging activity of EchEE were estimated. Four groups of adult male albino rats were used (10 rats each) as follows: 1) Control healthy rats ingested with placebo, 2) Healthy rats orally received EchEE (465 mg/kg/day), 3) Rats intoxicated with BIF (7mg/kg/day) dissolved in olive oil, and 4) Rats co-treated with EchEE (465 mg/kg/day) besides to BIF (7mg/kg/day) intoxication. After 30 days, some neuro-chemical and behavioral tests were assessed. The behavioral tests revealed that rats received BIF exhibited exploratory behavior and spatial learning impairments, memory and locomotion dysfunction, and enhanced anxiety level. Biochemical findings revealed that BIF induced-oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus; this was appeared from the significant rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, coupled with decreased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in both brain areas. Also, BIF induced a significant increase caspas-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) in both areas; dopamine and serotonin levels, and ACh-ase activity were markedly decreased in both areas. Interestingly, treatment of rats with EchEE in combination with BIF resulted in a significant decrease in oxidative stress damage, and modulation of the apoptotic and pro-inflammatory markers. Also, EchEE markedly improved behavioral activities and neurotransmitters level that were impaired by BIF. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that EchEE can attenuate brain dysfunction induced by pesticides exposure through preventing the oxidative stress. This may be attributed to its high antioxidant component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehab S Sayed
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa G El-Sahra
- Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila K Hassan
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Elqattan
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fathia A Mannaa
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Elkhateeb O, Badawy MEI, Tohamy HG, Abou-Ahmed H, El-Kammar M, Elkhenany H. Curcumin-infused nanostructured lipid carriers: a promising strategy for enhancing skin regeneration and combating microbial infection. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:206. [PMID: 37845727 PMCID: PMC10577905 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a biomolecule that can be extracted from the Curcuma longa that has been shown to have the potential to aid skin wound healing. It has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help to reduce swelling and promote tissue repair. However, curcumin has low solubility in water, which can limit its absorption and bioavailability. Encapsulating it in lipid nanoparticles may help to increase its absorption, leading to improved bioavailability. METHODS Curcumin-loaded nanostructure lipid nanocarriers (CURC-NLCs) were prepared and characterized. Also, the phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were investigated. Furthermore, in vivo rabbit animal model was used to test its regenerative capacity and wound-healing efficiency. RESULTS The CURC-NLCs significantly increased the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds compared to curcumin, resulting in a dramatic increase in antioxidant activity. CURC-NLCs also showed a potent inhibitory effect on Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi, two times higher than curcumin. CURC-NLCs showed a higher potential to fasten the wound healing of full-thickness skin injuries as it resulted in 1.15- and 1.9-fold higher wound closure at the first week of injury compared to curcumin and control, respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CURC-NLCs have an excellent potential to promote skin regeneration, which could be attributed to its antioxidant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Elkhateeb
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Hossam G Tohamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Howaida Abou-Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Kammar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt.
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Xu W, Chen S, Song L, Jin H, Pu F, Su W, Lou Z, Xu X. Mechanochemical synthesis of cysteine-gum acacia intermolecular complex for multiple metal(loid) sequestration from herbal extracts. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139612. [PMID: 37482312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination has triggered great concern about food safety, while sequestration and separation of trace HMs from herbal extracts still calls for appropriate sorbent materials. In this work, gum acacia was modified by cysteine to form a cysteine-acacia intermolecular complex (Cys-GA complex) via facile mechanochemical synthesis, aiming at capturing multiple HMs simultaneously. Preliminary screening confirms the superiority of Cys-CA complex for both cationic and anionic HMs, and determines an optimum Cys/GA mass ratio of 9:1 to achieve high removal capacities for Pb(II) (938 mg g-1), Cd(II) (834 mg g-1), As(V) (496 mg g-1), and Cr(VI) (647 mg g-1) in simulated aqueous solution. The analysis on HMs-exhausted Cys-GA complex indicates that Pb(II), As(V), and Cr(VI) tend to be removed through chelation, electrostatic attraction, and reduction, while Cd(II) can only be chelated or adsorbed by electrostatic interaction. The batch experiments on commercial herbal (e.g. Panax ginseng, Glycine max, Sophora flavescens, Gardenia jasminoides, Cyclocarya paliurus, and Bamboo leaf) extracts indicate that Cys-GA complex can reduce HMs concentration to attain acceptable level that comply with International Organization for Standardization, with negligible negative effect on its active ingredients. This work provides a practical and convenient strategy to purify HMs-contaminated foods without introducing secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shengwei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ludi Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huachang Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Faxiang Pu
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suichang, 323300, China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zimo Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Gaikwad SS, Morade YY, Kothule AM, Kshirsagar SJ, Laddha UD, Salunkhe KS. Overview of phytosomes in treating cancer: Advancement, challenges, and future outlook. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16561. [PMID: 37260890 PMCID: PMC10227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of death on the globe is cancer. It has remained a significant obstacle for current therapies and has not yet been effectively treated. Conventional treatment strategies available for cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy etc. have severe adverse effects. The use of herbal active constituents in cancer treatment has tremendous potential to increase the effectiveness of conventional cancer therapy. Natural plant active components have been reported to have strong in vitro pharmacological activity but narrow in vivo absorption. In order to increase their bioavailability and absorption and get around the drawbacks and negative effects of traditional herbal extracts, Phytosomes are one of the growing nanotechnologies that can be used to improve the miscibility of bioactive phytoconstituents in lipid-rich barriers and overcome their poor bioavailability. Many novel drug delivery carriers are employed for targeted delivery of phytoconstituent at the site of action. Phytosomes are well-known biocompatible nanocarriers that can be employed to increase the solubility and permeability of phytopharmaceuticals among various novel drug delivery systems (NDDS). This review mainly focused on various conventional as well as novel approaches and various Nano carrier used in cancer therapies. Also comprising summary of the most recent research on the development and use of phytosomes as a better carrier for herbal constituents in the treatment of cancer. Additionally provides information about the formulation, characterization technique and mechanism of drug release from phytosome. Some of the major herbal active constituents made of phytosome which have shown proven anticancer activity are also studied. Finally, challenges and future perspective related to phytosome in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Yogita Y. Morade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Akshada M. Kothule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Sanjay J. Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Umesh D. Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, India
| | - Kishor S. Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
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Parandoosh H, Khodaei-Motlagh M, Ghasemi HA, Farahani AHK. Effects of day-of-hatch intramuscular administration of a herbal extract mixture and its re-supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, stress indicators, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared under hot summer conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:196. [PMID: 37147529 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Broilers under oxidative stress from high ambient temperatures may benefit from the use of additives that have antioxidant properties. This experiment investigated the efficacy of a herbal extract mixture (HEM; aqueous extracts from Ferula gummosa, Thymus vulgaris, and Trachyspermum copticum) in day-old chicks, injected intramuscular (deep pectoral muscle; (0, 30, 60, and 90 μL/0.1 mL of sterilized and distilled water)), and supplemented in drinking water (0 and 0.25 mL/L) during the rearing period. Broilers were reared in battery cages under summer temperature conditions, with average maximum temperature of 35.5°C, average minimum temperature of 25.5°C, and average relative humidity of 50-60%. A total of 400 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups (5 replicates/treatment with 10 birds per replicate). From d1 to d10, the indoor air temperature was adjusted to match fluctuating outdoor summer temperatures, and was set at 30-34°C and 50-60% relative humidity; and from d10 onwards, no adjustments were made. Injection of HEM linearly decreased feed:gain (P = 0.005), heterophile-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (P = 0.007), and serum concentrations of cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (P = 0.005), and cortisol (P = 0.008). The 60 μL of HEM injection produced the best results in terms of final body weight (BW; P = 0.003), overall average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.002), European performance index (P < 0.001), carcass yield (P < 0.001), and serum glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.001). Supplementation of HEM in drinking water also increased final BW (P = 0.048), overall ADG (P = 0.047), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.042), and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.030), while decreasing the H/L ratio (P = 0.004) and serum LDL concentration (P = 0.031). There were interactions between injection and water supplementation for BW (day 24; P = 0.045), carcass yield (day 42; P = 0.014), and serum superoxide dismutase activity (day 42; P = 0.004). In conclusion, administering an injection of HEM at a dose of 60 μL at the time of hatching, followed by supplementation at a dose of 0.25 mL/L via drinking water during the rearing period could be a useful strategy for improving the performance and health status of heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Parandoosh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Soleimani A, Keivani N, Lotfipour S, Abolhasani S, Valizadeh S, Behniafar H. Promising effects of herbal compounds against strongyloidiasis: a systematic review. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1192-1203. [PMID: 36457765 PMCID: PMC9606197 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis could be a significant global health issue undervalued in several countries, which is caused by Strongyloides spp. Challenges stemming from the use of anthelmintic chemotherapy, such as the development of resistance, the progressive cost of medicines, environmental toxicity of chemicals, and residuals in beast products have increased interest in promoting alternative means of control for the use of plant-based parasite control methods. A study on herbal extracts may offer a less expensive yet equally effective alternative for the prevention and treatment of helminthic multi-resistance. We systematically searched the Web of Sciences, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus databases to explore original publications related to medicinal plants and Strongyloides in English on September 29, 2021. The keywords of medicinal plant, traditional medicine, plant extract, herbal medicine, herbal extract, natural drug, Strongyloides, strongyloidiasis, Strongyloides infection, and helminth were used in our search. Researchers can make use of this review as a quick reference. In this study, we have summarized recent advancements and published investigations on herbal and naturally derived medicines in treating strongyloidiasis undertaken by several researchers worldwide. These medicinal herbs, as well as the active and significant compounds they contain, such as alkaloids, phenolic derivatives, tannins, and terpenes, have been outlined in recent articles. Various studies on herbal remedies to treat strongyloidiasis have been undertaken to date, but further research is still required on moderately effective and low harmful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Iran
| | - Nadia Keivani
- Student Research Committee, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Iran
| | - Samane Lotfipour
- Student Research Committee, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Iran
| | - Sakhavat Abolhasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemestry, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Iran
| | | | - Hamed Behniafar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Iran
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Dodd F, Kennedy D, Wightman E, Khan J, Patan M, Elcoate R, Jackson P. The chronic effects of a combination of herbal extracts (Euphytose ®) on psychological mood state and response to a laboratory stressor: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study in healthy humans. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1243-1256. [PMID: 35875924 PMCID: PMC9643820 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders has been estimated at approximately 16.6%, with subclinical prevalence likely much higher. Herbal approaches to reduce anxiety may be as effective as pharmacological treatments and are less likely to be associated with adverse side effects. The herbal species, namely, valerian, passionflower, hawthorn and ballota, have a long history of use as anxiolytics in traditional medicine, further supported by recent pre-clinical and clinical trials. AIMS To assess the effects of chronic (14 days) supplementation with a multi-herb extract preparation (MHEP, Euphytose®) on psychological state and psychological and physiological stress responses during a laboratory stressor. METHODS In this crossover study, 31 healthy participants (aged 19-58 years) received a MHEP and placebo for 14 days with a 28-day washout. Anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), mood and physiological measures of stress (heart rate, galvanic skin response, salivary α-amylase and cortisol levels) were measured before and after an Observed Multitasking Stressor. Cognitive performance was also assessed. RESULTS MHEP was associated with reduced tension-anxiety (p = 0.038), with participants showing an attenuated response to the observed multitasking psychosocial stressor following MHEP, evidenced by lower salivary α-amylase (p = 0.041) and galvanic skin response (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The combination of herbal extracts contained within the MHEP reduced subjective anxiety in a healthy population and lowered electrodermal skin conductance and concentration of salivary α-amylase in response to a psychosocial stressor, compared to placebo. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03909906).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK,Fiona Dodd, Department of Psychology,
Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - David Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Wightman
- Nutrition Trials at Northumbria
(NUTRAN) Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Khan
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Patan
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Rian Elcoate
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
| | - Philippa Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Brain,
Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, UK
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Elkhateeb OM, Badawy MEI, Noreldin AE, Abou-Ahmed HM, El-Kammar MH, Elkhenany HA. Comparative evaluation of propolis nanostructured lipid carriers and its crude extract for antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, and skin regeneration potential. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:256. [PMID: 36192714 PMCID: PMC9528112 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis extracted from beehives has been conferred with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence, it has been recommended as a wound healing therapy. This study investigated the additive value of nanotechnology to the herbal extract, (propolis rebuts), after which we examined its efficacy in wound healing. Methods Propolis nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were first prepared using the emulsion-evaporation-solidification method at three concentrations. Then, we compared their flavonoid and phenolic contents and phenolic contents. Their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects were also investigated after which, the skin regenerative capacity of propolis-NLCs was assessed using full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits. Results This study showed that propolis-NLCs had increased the phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the raw propolis extract (EXTR) (9-fold and 2-fold, respectively). This increase was reflected in their antioxidant activities, which dramatically increased by 25-fold higher than the propolis-EXTR. Also, propolis-NLCs exhibited a 2-fold higher potent inhibitory effect than propolis-EXTR on Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (Salmonella spp.), and fungus (Candida albicans) microbes (p < 0.0001). Investigations also revealed that treatment of full-thickness skin injuries with propolis-NLCs resulted in significantly higher wound closure compared to propolis-EXTR and the control after two weeks (p < 0.0001). Conclusion With a prominent broad-spectrum antibacterial effect propolis-NLCs exhibited higher skin regenerative potency than propolis-EXTR. We also highlighted the additive impact of nanotechnology on herbal extract, which accounted for the increased flavonoid content and hence a better antioxidant and antimicrobial effect and propose it as a potential therapy for wound healing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03737-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M. Elkhateeb
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785 Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. I. Badawy
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria, 21545 Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, the Scientific Campus, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
| | - Howaida M. Abou-Ahmed
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. El-Kammar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785 Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Elkhenany
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785 Egypt
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Yadav R, Pradhan M, Yadav K, Mahalvar A, Yadav H. Present scenarios and future prospects of herbal nanomedicine for antifungal therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 74:103430. [PMID: 35582019 PMCID: PMC9101776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 epidemic is a sobering reminder that human susceptibility to infectious diseases remains even in our modern civilization. After all, infectious diseases are still the major reason of death globally. Healthcare authorities have often underestimated and ignored the threat posed by "microbial dangers," although they put millions of lives at risk every year. Overlooked developing diseases including fungal infections (FIs) contribute to roughly 1.7 million fatalities per year. As many as 150 million cases of severe and potentially life-threatening FIs are reported each year. In the last few years, the number of instances has steadily increased. Most of them are invasive fungal infections that require specialized treatment and hospital care. In recent years herbal antifungal compounds have been explored to acquire effective and safe therapy against fungal infections. However, potential therapeutic effects are hampered by the poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability of these important chemicals as well as the gastric degradation that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. To get around this issue, researchers have turned to novel drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, ethosomes, metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, transferosomes, etc by improving their limits, nanocarriers can enhance the medicinal effects of herbal oils and extracts. The present review article focuses on the available antifungal agents and their characteristics, mechanism of antifungal drugs resistance, herbal oils and extract as antifungal agents, challenges in the delivery of herbal drugs, and application of nano-drug delivery systems for effective delivery of antifungal herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Yadav
- ISBM University, Nawapara, Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, 493996, India
| | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Anand Mahalvar
- ISBM University, Nawapara, Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, 493996, India
| | - Homesh Yadav
- ISBM University, Nawapara, Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, 493996, India
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Rodrigues V, Rao MS, Rao GS, Rao K G M. Neuroprotective potential of ocimum sanctum (Linn) leaf extract in preventing and attenuating stress induced substantia nigral neuronal damage in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100651. [PMID: 36370484 PMCID: PMC9647530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ayurveda; an Indian system of traditional medicine, Ocimum sanctum is said to have remedial effect on hriddaurbalya (problems affecting the mind), aakshepayukta vikara (nervous disorders) and shiroroga (diseases of head). Hence, in Ayurvedic practice, it is profoundly used as an antistress medicine. Stress is known to affect neurons of functionally significant brain regions like substantia nigra. However, experimental evidence showing its effect on morphology of substantia nigral neurons is lacking. In addition, whether the O. sanctum treatment attenuates stress induced substantia nigral neuronal structural changes is not known. OBJECTIVES To know the effect of stress on morphology of substantia nigral neurons and the effect of O. sanctum fresh leaf extract (OSE) on substantia nigral neurons of stressed rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Present study included three experiments. Experiment I: To study the effect of 3 and 6 weeks of foot shock stress in rats; Experiment II- To study the effect of 3 weeks of OSE treatment on 3 week-stress undergoing rats and on 3 week-stressed rats; Experiment III- To study the effect of 6 weeks of OSE treatment in 6 week-stress undergoing rats and in 6 week-stressed rats. RESULTS In experiment I, stress had significant deleterious effect on dendritic arborization of substantia nigral neurons. Experiments II and III showed prevention and attenuation of the stress induced dendritic atrophy of substantia nigral neurons in both 2 ml and 4 ml OSE treatment groups. Protective effect of OSE was more pronounced in rats which are treated for a longer duration. CONCLUSIONS Foot shock stress induces neuronal damage in the substantia nigra of rats. Treatment with fresh leaf extract of O. sanctum could prevent and attenuate the foot shock stress induced behavioral deficit and substantia nigral neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rodrigues
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Gurumadhva S Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohandas Rao K G
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Elakkad HA, El-Tahan AM, Alshahrani OA, Alshilawi MS, El-Sayed H, Amin SA, Ahmed AI. Flavoring and extending the shelf life of cucumber juice with aroma compounds-rich herbal extracts at 4 °C through controlling chemical and microbial fluctuations. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:346-354. [PMID: 35002428 PMCID: PMC8717152 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to enhance the flavor of functional cucumber juice using herbal extracts of peppermint, basil, lavender, and lemongrass ethanolic extracts and extend its lifetime by controlling the chemical and microbial fluctuations. Cucumber juices were processed as; non-supplemented (J-Con), J-PME, J-BE, J-LE, and J-LEE supplemented with peppermint, basil, lavender, and lemongrass ethanolic extracts, respectively. Peppermint extract was significantly scavenged 88% of DPPH radicals and inhibited the growth of tested gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi followed by the lemongrass extract. The antioxidant activity of cucumber juices increased due to polyphenols and aroma compounds in the added extracts. However, the antioxidant content was decreased after two months of storage at 4 °C, due to the decrease in polyphenols. The flavor compounds were determined using GC mass, wherein hydrocarbons, acids, alcohols, and carbonyl compounds were the main aroma contents in cucumber juices, and their contents decreased with storage time. Peppermint and lemongrass extracts were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the whiteness of J-PME, and J-LEE, respectively. The highest score of flavor and taste was observed in J-PME that scored 8.3 based on panelists' reports followed by J-LEE. The PME was significantly maintained 91% of the odor and color of J-PME as compared to other juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hend A. Elakkad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City. Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omniah A. Alshahrani
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashaeal S. Alshilawi
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan El-Sayed
- Food Science Department, (Rural Home Economic), Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Amin
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaymaa I. Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Mostafavi ZS, Mehrgan MS, Islami HR. Dietary supplementation with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract provides immunostimulation and resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 118:180-187. [PMID: 34506883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dandelion flower is a well-known phytomedicine due to its therapeutic effects on dyspepsia, bile duct disorders, spleen and liver complaints, and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary dandelion flower extract (DFE) on skin mucosal and humoral immunity, immune-related gene expression, and disease resistance in rainbow trout. The fingerlings (N = 300, 20.1 ± 0.9 g) were randomly assigned to 15 tanks and fed with different levels of DEF including 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/kg for 56 days. At the end of the trial, the total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were significantly enhanced in DFE-added groups compared to the control group. Complement components, immunoglobulin M, total protein, and lysozyme showed significantly higher values in the fish treated with dietary DFE at 3 g/kg than others (P < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the skin mucus samples in the fish fed dietary levels of DFE were significantly higher than the control fish. Skin mucus protein was also improved significantly in 2 and 3 g/kg DFE compared to others. The transcription levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 genes were up-regulated in the fish fed with 3 and 4 g/kg DFE. Interleukin-8 and lysozyme gene expression levels were elevated in 3 g/kg DFE group compared to the control group. Fish mortality after challenging with Streptococcus iniae was significantly reduced from 43.33% in the control group to 73.33% in 3 g/kg DFE group. This study confirmed the beneficial effects of DFE as an immunostimulant in rainbow trout diet and the recommended dose of DFE is 2.49-2.74 g/kg based on the polynomial regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Sadat Mostafavi
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Azizian-Farsani F, Osuchowski M, Abedpoor N, Forootan FS, Derakhshan M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Sheikhha MH, Ghaedi K. Anti-inflammatory and -apoptotic effects of a long-term herbal extract treatment on DSS-induced colitis in mice fed with high AGEs-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:77. [PMID: 34380504 PMCID: PMC8359107 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with many comorbidities including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated prophylactic effects of an herbal extract (HE) on the DSS-induced colitis mice challenged with high AGEs-fat diet 60% (HFD). Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either HFD (8 groups, 6 mice in each group), or normal diet (ND) (8 groups, 6 mice in each group). After 6 weeks, animals received HE (combination of turmeric, ginger, boswellia and cat’s claw extract) for 7 weeks in three doses (high dose (0.6 mg/g); low dose (0.15 mg/g) and mid dose (0.3 mg/g)). Next, mice were subjected to 2.5% DSS in drinking water. Control mice received ND and instead of HE and DSS they received distilled water. Obesity index markers were determined, H&E staining and TUNEL assay evaluated apoptosis. Colonic expressions of IL-6, RAGE, AGER1, Sirt1, Bax, Bcl2, ZO-1 and P53 were determined.
Results HE ameliorated colitis in HFD mice by reducing colonic myeloperoxidase activity (by 2.3-fold), macrophage accumulation (by 2.6-fold) and mRNA expression of IL-6 (by 2.3-fold) in HFD mice. Moreover, HE restored ZO-1 (by 2.7-fold), prevented apoptosis and maintained immune homeostasis. HE reduced activation of NF-κB protein (by 1.3-fold) through decreasing RAGE (by 1.93-fold) and up-regulation of Sirt1 (by 7.71-fold) and prevented down-regulation of DDOST (by 6.6-fold) in HFD mice. Conclusions HE ameliorated colitis in prophylactic in HFD mice and it was, at least partly, due to the restoration of the gut integrity, suppression of inflammation and apoptosis via modulation of colonic Sirt1, RAGE and DDOST signaling. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00603-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical and Experimental Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran.,Legal Medicine research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Sq., 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sellappan LK, Sanmugam A, Manoharan S. Fabrication of dual layered biocompatible herbal biopatch from biological waste for skin - tissue regenerative applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1106-1118. [PMID: 33984381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual layered herbal biopolymeric patch (biopatch) with enhanced wound healing efficiency and skin mimicking functions was fabricated for skin-tissue regenerative applications. In this study, hoof keratin (KE) extracted from biological waste and gelatin (GE) was employed for KE-GE biosheet fabrication using a simple casting method. Further, the top layer of the fabricated KE-GE biosheet was coated with bioactive Matricaria recutita (Chamomile flower) extract (CH) with gelatin through an electrospraying method. The optimized dual layered herbal biopatch (KE-GE/GE-CH) exhibits strong physiochemical (FTIR, XRD TG-DTA), mechanical (tensile strength) and biological (in vitro and in vivo) studies. Moreover, the morphology (SEM) of soft mimetic biopatch possesses excellent cell-material interaction and cell proliferation which accelerates the wound healing process. Biopatch demonstrates a proven degradation profile with good swelling features to achieve more than 80% herbal drug release in 96 h. Antimicrobial properties also reveal the potential activity of biopatch against bacterial microbes. In addition, in vitro cell viability using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines and in vivo investigations revealed that the biopatch is non-cytotoxic, increases collagen deposition and shows rapid reepithelialization at the wound site as a potential wound dressing. We anticipated that the biological hoof keratin and bioactive herbal extract coated biopatch could serve as a desirable wound dressing candidate to suit various skin tissue regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logesh Kumar Sellappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641048, India.
| | - Anandhavelu Sanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Multi Tech Engineering College, Chennai 600062, India.
| | - Swathy Manoharan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, K.P.R. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
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Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is characterised by a high level of urate in the blood. The crystallisation of urate is considered a critical risk factor for the development of gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat have been commonly used medications to decrease the circulating urate levels. However, the use of these drugs is associated with undesired side effects. Therefore, the development of a new active, safety anti-hyperuricaemic and anti-inflammatory drug could be useful in gout therapy and is highly justified. Natural products have become a source of new pharmaceuticals due to their strong efficacy with less side effects, which relies on the comprising of complex bioactive compounds. There are a growing number of studies purporting decreasing serum urate with traditional medicines. This article was aimed to review these studies and identify which extracts promote urate reduction, along with their different mechanisms.
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Fang T, Xue ZS, Li JX, Liu JK, Wu D, Li MQ, Song YT, Yun SF, Yan J. Rauwolfia vomitoria extract suppresses benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing expression of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase in a rat model. J Integr Med 2020; 19:258-264. [PMID: 33341427 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herbal medicine is an important therapeutic option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disease in older men that can seriously affect their quality of life. Currently, it is crucial to develop agents with strong efficacy and few side effects. Herein we investigated the effects of the extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria, a shrub grown in West Africa, on BPH. METHODS Rats with testosterone-induced BPH were treated with R. vomitoria. Prostates were histologically analyzed by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Proliferation index and the expression levels of androgen receptor and its associated proteins were quantified through immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Androgen receptor target genes were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The sperm count and body weight of rats were also measured. RESULTS The oral administration of R. vomitoria extract significantly reduced the prostate weight and prostate weight index in BPH rats, supported by the decreased thickness of the prostate epithelial layer and increased lumen size. Similar effects were observed in the BPH rats treated with the reference drug, finasteride. R. vomitoria extract significantly reduced the testosterone-induced proliferation markers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, in the prostate glands of BPH rats; it also reduced levels of androgen receptor, its associated protein steroid 5α-reductase 1 and its downstream target genes (FK506-binding protein 5 and matrix metalloproteinase 2). Notably, compared with the finasteride group, R. vomitoria extract did not significantly reduce sperm count. CONCLUSION R. vomitoria suppresses testosterone-induced BPH development. Due to its milder side effects, R. vomitoria could be a promising therapeutic agent for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Xue
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Kuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Information, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Qian Li
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Song
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Feng Yun
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hemeg HA, Moussa IM, Ibrahim S, Dawoud TM, Alhaji JH, Mubarak AS, Kabli SA, Alsubki RA, Tawfik AM, Marouf SA. Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3221-3227. [PMID: 33304127 PMCID: PMC7714981 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of five herbal plants; Guava (Psidium guajava), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Rhamnus (Ziziphusspina Christi), Mulberry (Morusalba L.), and Olive (Oleaeuropaea L) leaves against several microbial population representing Gram positive, Gram negative and Mollicutes; S. aureus, E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, B. cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis and M. gallisepticum using standard agar disc diffusion technique and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Different extracts reveal variable results against the microorganism under study. All extracts have no antibacterial potency for Mycoplasma gallisepticum except Psidium guajava. The results of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against the six bacteria ranged from 625 to 5000 μg/ml. The used herbal extract could inhibit the selected microorganism under study with variable minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M. Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sherin Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Turki M. Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jwaher H. Alhaji
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S. Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Kabli
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M. Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Marouf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
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Khorshidian N, Mahboubi A, Kalantari N, Hosseini H, Yousefi M, Arab M, da Cruz AG, Mortazavian AM, Mahdavi FS. Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microcapsules Loaded with Herbal galactagogue Extract: Formulation Optimization and Characterization. Iran J Pharm Res 2020; 18:1180-1195. [PMID: 32641931 PMCID: PMC6934978 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many herbs and spices have been recommended traditionally as galactagogues and several commercial formulations prepared using herbs. Due to the presence of various compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, and terpenes, bitter and stringent taste is elicited that make the consumption of these herbal preparations unpleasant. Moreover, these compounds are unstable when exposed to environmental conditions. In this regard, different approaches are used for taste masking such as microencapsulation. In the present study, microcapsules containing herbal galactagogue extract were developed through emulsification/external gelation and Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of independent variables (sodium alginate: 1-1.5%, calcium chloride: 0.2-1% and extract concentrations: 1-5%) on encapsulation efficiency (EE%). Following evaluation of the model, the optimum condition of encapsulation process was selected as 1.49% sodium alginate, 0.84 CaCl2, and 1.58% extract with EE% of 77.97%. Microcapsules had an acceptable spherical morphology and the results of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of the extract within the microcapsules. The mean diameters of the uncoated and chitosan-coated microcapsules were 52 and 123 μm and encapsulation yield was 50.21 and 69.7%, respectively. The polydispersity index of 0.45 and 0.48 were an indicative of polydisperse nature of the microcapsules. The loss of flavonoids in microcapsules stored at two different temperatures was insignificant. The in-vitro release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF; pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF; pH 7.4) were 48.1% and 80.11%, respectively during 24 h. The prepared extract-loaded microcapsules have potential to be used in matrices with neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khorshidian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Arab
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adriano Gomez da Cruz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro, Maracan˜a, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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BehnamNik A, Vazifedoost M. Optimizing the formulation of the functional beverage from the co-crystalized powder of Securigera securidaca seed extract. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2443-51. [PMID: 32549594 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The co-crystalized powder prepared from Securigera securidaca seed extract was used for the formulation of a functional beverage in the study. In doing so, various ratios of co-crystalized powder from the plant extract, water, citric acid, mint essential oil, honey, apple extract, and stevia were mixed together. Three beverage formulas along with the control sample were prepared and evaluated by panelists using six-point hedonic scale. The formula containing 2 g of the extract powder was introduced as the best beverage from the panelists' perspective and received an average score. The samples were stored at 4 °C for 3 months and examined for pH, acidity, brix, turbidity, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, radical scavenging capacity, total microorganism count, molds and yeasts to evaluate shelf life. The pH and acidity changes were almost constant until day 60; but pH and acidity were decreased and increased in the last month, respectively. The brix changes were slight and had a slight decrease in the last month of storage. Although turbidity changes were small, they were associated with an increase over the storage time. Moreover, the beverage could well retain the phenolic compounds and the radical scavenging capacity and the antioxidant activity had a little change during storage. The changes trend in vitamin C was declining and equal to 16.85 mg/ml in the last month. No mold and yeast contamination were observed in any of the treatments according to ISO 21527 and mesophilic aerobic bacterial counts were in the range based on the ISO 4833. Hence, the herbal beverages produced with 2 g of the extract powder can replace industrial beverages given their proper chemical and microbial properties.
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Surakunprapha P, Winaikosol K, Chowchuen B, Punyavong P, Jenwitheesuk K, Jenwitheesuk K. A Prospective Randomized Double-blind study of silicone gel plus Herbal Extracts Versus Placebo in Pre-sternal hypertrophic scar prevention and amelioration. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03883. [PMID: 32405550 PMCID: PMC7210591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Post-surgical hypertrophic scar is more frequently reported in Asians. Many modalities can treat scars but there have not been any publications to define the efficacy of silicone gel plus herbal extracts for scar prevention or amelioration. Design 48 patients, who underwent median sternotomy were randomized and double-blinded to 2 groups to use topical silicone gel plus herbal extract gel or placebo for 6 months. Patients were treated either with topical silicone gel plus herbal extract gel or control using only placebo for 6 months. The scars were observed by experienced plastic surgeons using the Vancouver scar scale. Setting A single tertiary care center at Khon Kaen University. Paticipants 48 patients who underwent median sternotomy were enrolled in this study. All patients were aged over 18 years. All the wounds were sutured with polyglycolic 4/0 subcuticular suture material and did not receive other scar management before participating in this study. Intervention The silicone gel plus herbal extract gel (Bangkok Botanica, Bangkok, Thailand) in semi-liquid form was formulated from 15% Herbal extract (Allium Cepa extract, Centella Asiatica extract, Aloe Vera extract and Paper Mulberry extract), 50% polydemethysiloxane, 30% cyclopentasiloxane and 5% silica. The placebo gel was a composite of water, acrylate, C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymer, polysorbate 20 and fragrance that was similar in color and consistency as that of the active gel and packed in the similar sealed packages. Main outcome measures The scar was assessed using the Vancouver scar scale to determine pigmentation, vascularity, pliability and height. Results the study showed the silicone gel plus herbal extract gel could improve scar amelioration in height (p = 0.005) and pliability (p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo. The vascularity and pigmentation showed improvement using silicone gel plus herbal extracts but the improvement was not statistically significant. Conclusion The silicone gel plus herbal extracts gel was effective for scar improvement in median sternotomy wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palakorn Surakunprapha
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kengkart Winaikosol
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bowornsilp Chowchuen
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puttama Punyavong
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Jenwitheesuk
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Jenwitheesuk
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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25
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Khoramian Tusi S, Jafari A, Marashi SMA, Faramarzi Niknam S, Farid M, Ansari M. The effect of antimicrobial activity of Teucrium Polium on Oral Streptococcus Mutans: a randomized cross-over clinical trial study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:130. [PMID: 32357889 PMCID: PMC7195746 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a mouthwash containing Teucriumpolium herb on Streptococcus mutans in mouth. Methods This study was a randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trial, where we selected 22 volunteers (dental students) randomly and we divided them into two groups. The study had two phases. In each phase, one group acted as the intervention group, while the other one was the control group. Both the intervention and control groups were given the mouthwash with and without Teucriumpolium, respectively. S. mutans of saliva were measured before and after each phase to compare the effects of the mouthwashes. A three-week washout period was considered between the two phases. An independent two-sample t-test was utilized to compare the mean of S. mutans colonies. Additionally, we used a standard AB/BA crossover model to find the results of the treatment and the impact of carryover on the residual’s biological effects. The significance level was considered 0.05 in this experiment. Results There is no significant difference observed between the two groups in the number of S. mutans before using the mouthwashes. When the mouthwash containing Teucriumpolium was used, there was a significant decrease in the number of S. mutans colonies in both phases’ extract (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the mouthwash containing aqueous extract of Teucrium polium can majorly reduce the colonization of S. mutans in human saliva. Trial registration Ethical issues approved by the Ethics Committee of the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences with the approval number of 937/9/31, IRCT code Number of IRCT2013121815842N1 and it was approved on 06/16/2014. The study was conducted in the period of September to November 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Khoramian Tusi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jafari
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dental Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Al Hussain University, Karbala, Iraq.
| | | | - Salomeh Faramarzi Niknam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Malihe Farid
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hoseinifar SH, Shakouri M, Yousefi S, Van Doan H, Shafiei S, Yousefi M, Mazandarani M, Torfi Mozanzadeh M, Tulino MG, Faggio C. Humoral and skin mucosal immune parameters, intestinal immune related genes expression and antioxidant defense in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed olive (Olea europea L.) waste. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 100:171-178. [PMID: 32135345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A six-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of inclusion of dietary olive waste cake (OWC, 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 g kg-1 diet) on performance, antioxidant condition and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2.5 ± 0.1 g). Supplementing diet with 2.5 and 5 g OWC kg-1 diet significantly enhanced serum and mucosal lysozyme activity in fish. Regarding mucosal immunity, fish fed 2.5 and 5 g OWC kg-1 diets had higher skin mucus total Ig concentrations than other groups. In relation to antioxidant status, those in 2.5 g OWC kg-1 and the control groups exhibited the highest and the least liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of liver glutathione S transferase in fish fed 2.5 and 5 g OWC kg-1 diets was higher than the other treatments. In respect to gut cytokines gene expression, our findings demonstrated dietary OWC did not influence interlukines-1β and 10 genes expression, but relative expression of IL8 gene gradually up-regulated with increasing dietary OWC level. Moreover, fish fed 0.5 g OWC kg-1 and the control diets had the highest and the lowest gut tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression values, respectively. The relative expression of transforming growth factor-β significantly down-regulated in gut of fish fed 2.5 and 5 g OWC kg-1 diets compared to other groups. Supplementing diet with OWC pronouncedly improved growth and feed conversion ratio in fish compared to the control. Overall, the findings of this study suggested that inclusion of 2.5 g OWC kg-1 diet can improve growth rate, oxidative stress status, humoral and skin mucosal immune responses in O. mykiss fingerlings and it can be considered as a functional feed additive for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Meysam Shakouri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samira Yousefi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Shafigh Shafiei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Mazandarani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Maria Grazia Tulino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran
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27
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Kuswandi B, Fantoni M, Hidayat MA, Ningsih IY. Paper microzone plate based on DPPH as a simple colorimetric assay of the total antioxidant content of herbal extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:1971-6. [PMID: 32327808 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human body needs an antioxidant-rich diet that comes from foods, beverages, and herbal products to support the physiological antioxidant systems. Thus, the development of an analytical tool for a simple assay of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the rich antioxidant samples is crucial. The current work demonstrates a simple colorimetric assay of TAC of the herbal extract on the paper microzone plate (PµZP) that was constructed in the 70-well of patterned paper using the screen printing technique. The PµZP was constructed by immobilizing DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) onto 70-well of PµZP as a sensing zone for colorimetric detection. The purple-sensing zone exhibited a good response to gallic acid (GA), by producing slightly gray to pale yellow color that can be captured using a scanner and then analyzed using the ImageJ program. The paper-based sensor showed a linear response toward GA at 0.05-0.6 mM (r = 0.9895), reproducible response (RSD < 4%), and accurate measurement with 91 to 106% recovery for measuring TAC of herbal extract, presented as mM gallic acid equivalent and showed a good agreement with the standard DPPH method. The results suggested that the proposed method can be applied for simple TAC measurement in the herbal extract.
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28
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Kang MG, Park D, Han HY, Shim H, Hong Y, Moon J, Yoon S, Kwon B. RE-ORGA, a Korean Herb Extract, Can Prevent Hair Loss Induced by Dihydrotestosterone in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:530-537. [PMID: 33911645 PMCID: PMC7992567 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.5.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss. It is likely inherited genetically and is promoted by dihydrotestosterone. 5α-reductase has been proven a good target through finasteride use. However, the pathogenesis of AGA cannot be fully explained based only on dihydrotestosterone levels. Objective To identify similar hairloss inhibition activity of RE-ORGA with mode of action other than finasteride. Methods We prepared RE-ORGA from Korean herb mixtures. We performed MTT assays for cytotoxicity, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays for cell proliferation, and western blot to identify expression levels of 5α-reductase and Bax. RNA-sequencing was performed for the expression patterns of genes in dihydrotestosterone-activated pathways. Anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6. Results REORGA could promote the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and showed low cytotoxicity. It also inhibited the expression of 5α-reductases and Bax in the cells. RNA-sequencing results verified that the mRNA expressions of SRD5A1, Bax, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β1 induced transcript 1 (TGFβ1I1) were decreased, whereas expression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2β) was more elevated. REORGA also showed anti-inflammatory activity through decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α. Conclusion Transcriptionally, up-regulation of PTK2β and concomitant down-regulation of TGFβ1I1 imply that RE-ORGA can modulate androgen receptor sensitivity, decreasing the expression of 5α-reductase type II and Bax together with TGF-β1 transcripts; RE-ORGA also showed partial anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, RE-ORGA is expected to alleviate hair loss by regulating 5α-reductase activity and the receptor's androgen sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeeun Shim
- Research Institute, Wooridul Huebrain Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Hong
- Research Institute, Wooridul Huebrain Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Moon
- Research Institute, WINNOVA Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bosun Kwon
- Research Institute, Wooridul Huebrain Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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29
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Migliorini MJ, Boiago MM, Stefani LM, Zampar A, Roza LF, Barreta M, Arno A, Robazza WS, Giuriatti J, Galvão AC, Boscatto C, Paiano D, Da Silva AS, de C Tavernari F. Oregano essential oil in the diet of laying hens in winter reduces lipid peroxidation in yolks and increases shelf life in eggs. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102409. [PMID: 31657749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) added to the feed of semi-heavy laying hens during winter. We measured performance as well as physical and chemical quality of fresh and 21-day stored eggs. A total of 240 semi-heavy laying hens were distributed into six treatments and five replicates (n = 8 each). Treatments consisted of five groups of hens fed diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg OEO/kg. We measured the average of three productive cycles (1st: week 1-4, 2nd: week 5-8 and 3rd: week 9-12), and found that feed consumption increased in hens in the control group and those in the group treated with 200 mg OEO/kg; other zootechnical variables did not differ between treatments. When we analyzed each individual production cycle individually, we did not observe differences between treatments for the performance variables in the first or second cycles. However, in the third cycle, when the animals were exposed to a greater number of days to cold stress, we recorded improved conversion rate/dozen eggs, conversion rate/daily feed consumed and egg production at T50 (50 mg OEO/kg). Stored eggs from hens supplemented with 50 mg OEO/kg showed lower eggshell percentages and higher yolk pHs. The intensity of the yellow was higher in yolks of the control group and in those from hens supplemented with 200 mg OEO/kg. Lipid peroxidation was lower in fresh egg yolks from hens that received 200 mg OEO/kg and stored eggs of T150. The reduction of lipid peroxidation in egg yolk is beneficial to consumer health by reducing levels of free radicals consumed. Reduction of lipid peroxidation associated with 150 mg OEO/kg in laying hens in winter might be useful for maintaining egg quality and for prolonging shelf life; productive efficiency was improving even at 39.8 mg OEO/kg if we consider feed conversion (kg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Migliorini
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Zampar
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenilson F Roza
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Barreta
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Arno
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Weber S Robazza
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Coronel Ibiapina de Lima, 750 - EFACIP, 89870-000, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil
| | - Jessica Giuriatti
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandro C Galvão
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Coronel Ibiapina de Lima, 750 - EFACIP, 89870-000, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Boscatto
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Diovani Paiano
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C Tavernari
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Suínos e Aves, BR 153 - km 110, 89700-000, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
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Abd El-Hack ME, Abdelnour SA, Abd El-Moneim AEME, Arif M, Khafaga A, Shaheen H, Samak D, Swelum AA. Putative impacts of phytogenic additives to ameliorate lead toxicity in animal feed. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23209-23218. [PMID: 31243654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and an environmental pollutant, particularly because of its anthropogenic activity. The main impacts of Pb is recognized to cause injurious influences of various levels of the tropic chain, due to bio-accumulated lead causes many health issues such as intoxication of different body organs, such as kidneys and liver, and reproductive and nervous systems. Industrial lead toxicity has reduced as a result of the attempts to decrease the lead levels in the surrounding work environment. Conversably, health risks related with long-term environmental exposure to a low dose of Pb have been steadily demonstrated. Long-term exposure to lead toxicity caused inflammatory infiltration, degenerative changes in testicular tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, necrosis of hepatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and renal epithelium hypertrophy. Hence, we need an influential approach to vanquish lead toxicity. This consequence has emerged the necessity for potentially safe represent remedy, favorably keeping both enhancement and chelating of the antioxidant competences. Many antioxidants have been used for chelating heavy toxic pollutants such as lead and oxidative stress released in excess during lead exposure. Several studies have stated the noticeable gathering of herbal singly or in combination in modulating lead-induced disturbances, therefore proposing great promise in enhancing health status and welfare of man as well as animals. For this, in the current review, we tried to discuss the enormous harmful influences of lead toxicity on the animal model and the disturbing truth that this detrimental toxic substance can be found quite simply in the surroundings and amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Hazem Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Abadiyyat Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Abadiyyat Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Babaskin DV, Litvinova TM, Babaskina LI. The Effect of the Phytocomplex Electrophoresis on the Clinical Symptomatology and Quality of Life of Patients with the Knee Joint Osteoarthritis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2236-2241. [PMID: 31592269 PMCID: PMC6765070 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis necessitates the use of drug electrophoresis with sinusoidal modulated currents (SMC-electrophoresis) in conjunction with drug therapy. The phytocomplex is proposed for electrophoresis composed of the compared, alfalfa and hops dry extract, containing flavonoids, coumestans, polysaccharides, steroids, essential amino acids, vitamins, mineral components and causing its possible use in osteoarthritis. AIM: The research aims to study the effect of the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis on the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with the knee joint osteoarthritis. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n = 36). The phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis was assigned to the first group, the amplipulse therapy (SMC) – to the second group, and the “basic” drug therapy – to the third group. The drug therapy of the patients of the third group was comparable with the drug treatment of those in the first two groups. The concentration of phytocomplex in the working solution was 10%. The electrotherapy was carried out in the aligned SMC mode in the first and fourth kind of works. Comparative indicators were as follows: WOMAC index, pain level on a visual analogue scale (VAS), Lequesne index, joint range of motion (JROM), articular and tendon indices, quality of life as per Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). RESULTS: The use of the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis had a more pronounced positive effect on pain, knee joint function and quality of life of the patients compared with the treatment with drugs alone or using amplitude therapy. This was especially pronounced immediately after the rehabilitation. The analgesic effect was consistently maintained in the patients of the first group for up to 6 – 12 months, the second group – up to 3 – 6 months in terms of the level of pain according to the WOMAC and Lequesne indices, VAS, articular and tendon indices. Stable results have been obtained for improving the functions of the knee joint for up to 6 – 12 months using the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis as per the WOMAC and Lequesne indices. In the treatment by the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis, no side effects were registered. CONCLUSION: The obtained results give grounds for further research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of using the phytocomplex SMC-electrophoresis in microcirculatory disorders in the affected joint, for correcting connective tissue metabolism and electrolyte metabolism in the patients with the knee joint osteoarthritis.
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Pop LM, Varga E, Coroian M, Nedișan ME, Mircean V, Dumitrache MO, Farczádi L, Fülöp I, Croitoru MD, Fazakas M, Gyӧrke A. Efficacy of a commercial herbal formula in chicken experimental coccidiosis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:343. [PMID: 31300024 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis represents a serious threat to the poultry industry, affecting production and causing high morbidity, mortality and significant costs resulting from treatment and prophylaxis. In-feed anticoccidials have been used for decades for managing avian coccidiosis and were very effective until drug resistance emerged. The use of natural remedies has become a promising alternative in combating coccidiosis in chickens. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the efficiency of a commercial herbal formula (H), as oral liquid preparations, in experimental chicken coccidiosis. Methods Two independent controlled battery experiments (BE1 and BE2) were designed and the product was tested in 3 different formulas (H1, H2 and H3): H1 contained a propylene glycol extract of Allium sativum and Thymus serpyllum; H2 contained Origanum vulgare, Satureja hortensis and Chelidonium majus; and H3 contained Allium sativum, Urtica dioica, Inula helenium, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rosmarinus officinalis, Chelidonium majus, Thymus serpyllum, Tanacetum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum. Chickens were divided into five groups for each BE as follows: (i) uninfected untreated control (UU1, UU2); (ii) infected untreated control (IU1, IU2); (iii) infected treated with amprolium (ITA1, ITA2); and (iv, v) two experimental groups infected treated with H1 (ITH1) and H2 (ITH2) formulas in the BE1 and with H3 (ITH3-5 and ITH3-10) formula in the BE2. The chickens from infected groups were challenged with 5000 (BE1) and 50,000 (BE2) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. (E. acervulina, E. tenella and E. maxima), respectively. The anticoccidial efficacy was assessed by recording the following: oocysts output (OPG), lesion score (LS), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and anticoccidial index (ACI). Additionally, polyphenolics and flavonoids (caffeic-chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercitin, quercitrin) from herb extracts found in H3 formula were determined by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Results H1 and H2 reduced the WG, and increased the FCR and OPG compared with controls. H1 reduced the duodenal lesions, whilst H2 reduced the caecal lesions, compared with control. H3 decreased the OPG of Eimeria spp., reduced the total lesion score and improved the zootechnical performance (weight gain and feed conversion ratio). According to ACI value, H1 and H2 had no efficacy on Eimeria spp. infection, but H3 had good to marked anticoccidial effect, the ACI being slightly greater in the group ITH3-5. According to the results of LC-MS/MS, the concentration of polyphenols in H3 formula was the highest, the sum of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid being 914.9 µg/ml. Conclusions H3 formula is a promising natural anticoccidial and field trials are recommended in order to validate the obtained data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3595-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Baba E, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S, Zemheri F, Ergün S. Dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract alters some immune gene expression levels and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:28-33. [PMID: 29733961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim for the present study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract (OLE) on the control of Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout and to assess the impact on the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout. Five experimental diets were prepared by adding 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0% of OLE. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean body weight 51.22 ± 3.04 g) twice a day (at 09:00 and 17:00 h) for 60 days. The dietary supplementation of OLE did not affect growth performance and feed utilization (P > 0.05). Major changes due to graded levels of OLE in the diets were observed in blood biochemical parameters (P < 0.05). TNFα, IL1-β and IL-8 gene expressions were significanlty up-regulated in OLE 0.1% group compared with others (P < 0.05). Also, diet supplemented with OLE reduced mortality in rainbow trout fed with OLE 0.1% added diet. Present study suggests that OLE especially at 0.1% added feed may effectivelly enhance the serum biochemical parameters, survival rate and immune gene expression in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Baba
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Acar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Zemheri
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Ergün
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Fazly Bazzaz BS, Khameneh B, Zahedian Ostad MR, Hosseinzadeh H. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of verbascoside, lemon verbena extract and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018; 8:246-253. [PMID: 29881710 PMCID: PMC5987439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using herbal products to overcome bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon verbena aqueous extract, verbascoside and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against standard and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MIC and MBC values of different antibacterial agents against bacterial strains were determined. The effect of co-administration lemon verbena extract, verbascoside, and caffeine and gentamicin was studied in vitro using a checkerboard method and calculating fraction inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine alone showed no inhibitory effects on any of the bacterial strains (at doses up to 200 g/ml). Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine were able to decrease the MIC of gentamicin against the standard resistant strains and two clinical isolates. Among these combinations, the co-administration of verbascoside and gentamicin was more effective and synergistic activities (FICI<1) against clinical isolates were observed.. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine potentiated the antimicrobial action of gentamicin against some clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Center,Pharmaceutical Technology Institute,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Elzayat EM, Auda SH, Alanazi FK, Al-Agamy MH. Evaluation of wound healing activity of henna, pomegranate and myrrh herbal ointment blend. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:733-738. [PMID: 29991918 PMCID: PMC6035320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the wound healing potential and antimicrobial activity of henna, pomegranate and myrrh extract formulations and their blend in excision, and dead space wound models in rats in comparison to a marketed ointment (gentamycin). The natural extracts were used in ointment formulations alone or in a combination of three extracts at a total concentration of 15% w/w in medications. The percent of wound contraction in case of henna, myrrh, pomegranate, the blend and gentamycin (10 mg/kg) were 85.90–98.5%, 88.35–99.52%, 93.55–100%, 97.30–100%, and 90.25–100% from days 16 to 20, respectively. The blended formulation showed the highest increase in the percent of wound contraction and decrease in the epithelisation period compared to other formulations and showed comparable results to the standard ointment. The histological studies of excision biopsy at day 24 showed healed skin structures with normal epithelisation, the restoration of adnexa and fibrosis within the dermis in all of the formulation- and gentamycin-treated groups while the control group lagged behind in the formation of the amount of ground substance in the granulation tissue. The formulations showed antimicrobial activity against Candida, Staphylococcus aureus, mucous membrane infections and E. coli topical infections. The study proved the wound healing potential and antimicrobial activity of the herbal extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Elzayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed H Auda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bazazzadegan N, Dehghan Shasaltaneh M, Saliminejad K, Kamali K, Banan M, Khorram Khorshid HR. Effects of Herbal Compound (IMOD) on Behavior and Expression of Alzheimer's Disease Related Genes in Streptozotocin-Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:491-494. [PMID: 29071234 PMCID: PMC5651073 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for over 95% of cases. Possible mechanisms of AD such as inflammation and oxidative stresses in the brain motivate researchers to follow many therapies which would be effective, especially in the early stages of the disease. IMOD, the herbal extract of R. Canina, T. Vulgare and U. Dioica plant species enriched with selenium, has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and protective effects against oxidative stress. Methods: In this study three AD-related genes, DAXX, NFκβ and VEGF, were chosen as candidate to investigate the neuroprotective effect of the extract by comparing their expression levels in the hippocampus of rat model of sporadic AD, using qPCR in the herbal-treated and control groups. The therapeutic effects on learning and memory levels were evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Results: Gene expression results were indicative of significant up-regulation of Vegf in rat’s hippocampus after treatment with the herbal extract comparing to model group (P-value= 0.001). The MWM results showed significant changes in path length and time for finding the hidden platform in all groups during test and the same change in the treated comparing to the control group in memory level. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the herbal extract may have significant effect on gene expression but not on behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Bazazzadegan
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh
- Laboratory of Neuro-organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Banan
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Anastasaki M, Bertsias A, Pirintsos SA, Castanas E, Lionis C. Post-market outcome of an extract of traditional Cretan herbs on upper respiratory tract infections: a pragmatic, prospective observational study. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:466. [PMID: 28934952 PMCID: PMC5609057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of traditional herbs of Crete, Greece for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections have been reported in observational and laboratory studies. Following a published, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an extract of three Cretan herbs on the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, upon its market release. Methods An observational study was conducted in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Participants were patients presenting at selected pharmacies with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, choosing to receive the extract for their treatment. Patients’ symptoms (local, general, total) where recorded at three time points within 1 week, using a questionnaire developed based on the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory System Survey. For each patient, symptoms were scored on a 0–7 Likert scale and three indexes were calculated: the score of local symptoms, the score of general symptoms and the total score of symptoms. Effectiveness was assessed by examining the reduction in these indexes over the 1-week observation period. Results Mean score of general symptoms was 19.1 (SE: 0.9) in day 1, dropping to 8.6 (SE: 0.6) and 3.1 (SE: 0.4) in days 4 and 7 respectively. Mean score of local symptoms declined from 7.9 (SE: 0.5) in day 1 to 2.3 (SE: 0.3) in day 4 and to 0.5 (SE: 0.1) in day 7. Total score of symptoms reached 27.0 (SE: 1.2) in day 1, decreasing to 10.9 (SE: 0.8) in day 4 and to 3.5 (SE: 0.5) in day 7. The percentage of participants reporting fever was 82.1% at baseline, 8.0% in day 4 and 2.0% in day 7 (p < 0.0001 for paired differences). Multiple regression models indicated that supplementary medication intake did not seem to affect symptoms’ severity or the day patients reported that their symptoms ceased completely. Conclusions This pragmatic study added evidence about the potential therapeutic effects of an extract of Cretan herbs on the amelioration of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1978-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Seo DJ, Choi C. Inhibition of Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus by Edible Herbal Extracts. Food Environ Virol 2017; 9:35-44. [PMID: 27807684 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause foodborne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Because HuNoV culture systems have not been developed thus far, no available medicines or vaccines preventing infection with HuNoVs exist. Some herbal extracts were considered as phytomedicines because of their bioactive components. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 29 edible herbal extracts against the norovirus surrogates murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) were examined. FCV was significantly inhibited to 86.89 ± 2.01 and 48.71 ± 7.38% by 100 μg/mL of Camellia sinensis and Ficus carica, respectively. Similarly, ribavirin at a concentration of 100 μM significantly reduced the titer of FCV by 77.69 ± 10.40%. Pleuropterus multiflorus (20 μg/mL) showed antiviral activity of 53.33 ± 5.77, and 50.00 ± 16.67% inhibition was observed after treatment with 20 μg/mL of Alnus japonica. MNV was inhibited with ribavirin by 59.22 ± 16.28% at a concentration of 100 μM. Interestingly, MNV was significantly inhibited with 150 µg/mL Inonotus obliquus and 50 μg/mL Crataegus pinnatifida by 91.67 ± 5.05 and 57.66 ± 3.36%, respectively. Treatment with 20 µg/mL Coriandrum sativum slightly reduced MNV by 45.24 ± 4.12%. The seven herbal extracts of C. sinensis, F. carica, P. multiflorus, A. japonica, I. obliquus, C. pinnatifida, and C. sativum may have the potential to control noroviruses without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea.
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Siddiqi KS, Husen A. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Uses of Palladium/Platinum Nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:482. [PMID: 27807824 PMCID: PMC5093107 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic synthesis of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles from plants and microbes has captured the attention of many researchers because it is economical, sustainable and eco-friendly. Plant and their parts are known to have various kinds of primary and secondary metabolites which reduce the metal salts to metal nanoparticles. Shape, size and stability of Pd and Pt nanoparticles are influenced by pH, temperature, incubation time and concentrations of plant extract and that of the metal salt. Pd and Pt nanoparticles are broadly used as catalyst, as drug, drug carrier and in cancer treatment. They have shown size- and shape-dependent specific and selective therapeutic properties. In this review, we have discussed the biogenic fabrication of Pd/Pt nanoparticles, their potential application as catalyst, medicine, biosensor, medical diagnostic and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azamal Husen
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box #196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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He M, Lv Z, Yang ZW, Huang JL, Liu F. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Wenxin Keli for ventricular premature be ats: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2016; 29:181-189. [PMID: 27912945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal extract Wenxin Keli, alone or in combination with Western medicine, for ventricular premature beats. METHODS This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42013003200). A systematic literature search of 8 core electronic databases and 3 clinical trial registries in Chinese and English, yielded 10 trials whose randomness verified by contacting the authors. The included trials were assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS Wenxin Keli might be more efficacious than placebo (Change of VPBs numbers, RR, 1.61, 95%CI, 1.48-1.76, P<0.00001, I2=0%;VPBs- related symptom, RR, 2.10, 95%CI, 1.91-2.30, P<0.00001, I2=0%), and the dual therapy of Wenxin Keli plus amiodarone might also be more effective than the monotherapy of amiodarone (Change of VPBs numbers, RR, 1.23, 95%CI, 1.10-1.39, P=0.0005, I2=0%; VPBs- related symptom, RR, 1.51., 95%CI, 1.30-1.76, P<0.00001, I2=0%), whereas Wenxin Keli might be comparable to metoprolol, propafenone or mexiletine (Change of VPBs numbers: metoprolol, RR, 1.01, 95%CI, 0.91-1.11, P=0.88, I2=0%; propafenone, RR, 1.05, 95%CI, 0.93-1.19, P=0.44, I2=0%; mexiletine, RR, 1.06, 95%CI, 0.96-1.17, P=0.28. VPBs- related symptom: metoprolol, RR, 0.95, 95%CI, 0.87-1.04, P=0.27, I2=0%, propafenone. RR, 1.10, 95%CI, 0.93-1.30, P=0.29, I2=29%, mexiletine,RR, 0.94, 95%CI, 0.78-1.12, P=0.47). Participants with ventricular premature beats' numbers<360 beats/h or with coronary heart disease benefited the most of the Wenxin Keli therapy (Change of VPBs numbers:RR, 1.10, 95%CI, 1.02-1.20, P=0.02, I2=44%; RR, 1.71, 95%CI, 1.18-2.49, P=0.005, I2=54%, respectively). The safety analysis revealed that Wenxin Keli did not statistically significant differed from the Western medicine in respect of the incidence of total adverse drug reactions (RR, 0.59, 95%CI, 0.35-1.01, P=0.05, I2=0%), but Wenxin Keli might be associated with a reduced risk of proarrhythmic reactions (P=0.007). The quality of the methodology of included trials was generally low. Several limitations existed that affected the validity of the findings, including the small sample size, insufficient randomization methods, poorly defined eligibility criteria, short duration of follow-up, absence of hard endpoints, and high risk of publication bias(P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS Wenxin Keli might be a promising alternative and complementary medicine for ventricular premature beats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 63, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China.
| | - Zhan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, PR China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yang
- Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, PR China
| | - Jiu-Ling Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, PR China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 63, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, PR China.
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Habibi H, Firouzi S, Nili H, Razavi M, Asadi SL, Daneshi S. Anticoccidial effects of herbal extracts on Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens: in vitro and in vivo study. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:401-7. [PMID: 27413312 PMCID: PMC4927499 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe alternative anticoccidial drug to chemical feed additives are herbal extracts, because they don't results to tissue residue and drug resistance. In order to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts to control avian coccidiosis, 180 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into nine equal groups, as follows: (1) Biarum bovei (2) Nectaroscordum tripedale( 3) Dorema aucheri (4) Cichorium intybus (5) Prangos ferulaceae (6) diclazuril (7) Artemisia absinthium (8) infected control (9) uninfected control (each contains two groups). Administration of herbal extracts and supplementation of diclazuril was began 2 days before challenge and lasted for the duration of the experiment. The chicks of all the groups except uninfected control group were inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts (3 × 10(3) oocysts of Eimeria tenella) on the day 22 of age. The criteria employed were: body weight, feed conversion ratio, blood in feces, survival rate, lesion scoring, number of oocyst output per gram feces and histopathological changes. For histopathological evaluation, on day 12 post inoculation three birds from each group were randomly selected and humanly sacrificed. N. tripedale and diclazuril revealed better results in terms of growth performance, lesion score, extent of bloody diarrhea and oocyst count as compared to other herbal extracts. The increase in the severity of lesions was observed in groups of D. aucheri, A. absinthium, B. bovei, P. ferulaceae, C. intybus, diclazuril and N. tripedale, respectively. In conclusion, the current study showed that herbal extracts were effective in control of coccidiosis caused by the E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Habibi
- />Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sobhan Firouzi
- />Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Nili
- />Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Razavi
- />Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Leili Asadi
- />Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Daneshi
- />Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Laugisch O, Ramseier CA, Salvi GE, Hägi TT, Bürgin W, Eick S, Sculean A. Effects of two different post-surgical protocols including either 0.05 % chlorhexidine herbal extract or 0.1 % chlorhexidine on post-surgical plaque control, early wound healing and patient acceptance following standard periodontal surgery and implant placement. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2175-2183. [PMID: 26795622 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare early wound healing, tooth staining and patient acceptance with two different post-surgical maintenance protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients scheduled for flap surgery to treat periodontal pockets or accommodate dental implants were randomly assigned to receive the following two different post-surgical maintenance protocols: (a) 2 weeks rinsing with a 0.05 % chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX)/herbal extract combination (test) or (b) a 0.1 % CHX solution (control). Early wound healing was evaluated clinically and immunologically. Tooth staining and patient acceptance were assessed by means of visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Both groups presented with comparable wound healing profiles. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two protocols regarding early wound healing and plaque index (p > 0.05). However, in the control group, statistically significantly more patients felt discomfort due to tooth staining (p = 0.0467). Compared with patients from the test group, patients in the control group reported statistically significant more irritation of taste at week 1 (p = 0.0359) and at week 2 (p = 0.0042). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that the two CHX protocols resulted in comparable healing and inhibition of plaque formation. Tooth staining and subjective discomfort related to irritation of taste were more frequent in the control group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A post-operative protocol including 0.05 % CHX/herbal extract may have the potential to improve patient compliance during post-operative maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Hägi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bürgin
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Daneshmand P, Saliminejad K, Dehghan Shasaltaneh M, Kamali K, Riazi GH, Nazari R, Azimzadeh P, Khorram Khorshid HR. Neuroprotective Effects of Herbal Extract (Rosa canina, Tanacetum vulgare and Urtica dioica) on Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2016; 8:120-5. [PMID: 27563424 PMCID: PMC4967545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (SAD) is caused by genetic risk factors, aging and oxidative stresses. The herbal extract of Rosa canina (R. canina), Tanacetum vulgare (T. vulgare) and Urtica dioica (U. dioica) has a beneficial role in aging, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of this herbal extract in the rat model of SAD was investigated. METHODS The rats were divided into control, sham, model, herbal extract -treated and ethanol-treated groups. Drug interventions were started on the 21(st) day after modeling and each treatment group was given the drugs by intraperitoneal (I.P.) route for 21 days. The expression levels of the five important genes for pathogenesis of SAD including Syp, Psen1, Mapk3, Map2 and Tnf-α were measured by qPCR between the hippocampi of SAD model which were treated by this herbal extract and control groups. The Morris Water Maze was adapted to test spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. RESULTS Treatment of the rat model of SAD with herbal extract induced a significant change in expression of Syp (p=0.001) and Psen1 (p=0.029). In Morris Water Maze, significant changes in spatial learning seen in the rat model group were improved in herbal-treated group. CONCLUSION This herbal extract could have anti-dementia properties and improve spatial learning and memory in SAD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Daneshmand
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh
- Laboratory of Neuro-organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Riazi
- Laboratory of Neuro-organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nazari
- Laboratory of Neuro-organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Azimzadeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid MD., Ph.D., Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel/Fax: +98 21 22180138, E-mail:
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Martins FS, da Conceição EC. Evaluation of extraction method on the chemical composition in Apeiba tibourbou Aubl's extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:368-73. [PMID: 25829777 PMCID: PMC4378136 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The extraction method of bioactive compounds is an important step in the manufacturing of herbal medicines, because secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential are usually found in small quantities in plant materials. Objective: Due the potential of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extraction method on the quality of herbal extract and optimize the extraction of fatty acid, rosmarinic (Ra) and caffeic (Ca) acid from A. tibourbou. Materials and Methods: Determinations of residual moisture (Rm), proteins (Pt), lipids (Lp), total fiber (Tf), and carbohydrate (Cy) were performed in triplicate samples according assessment of antioxidant capacity. Extraction of fatty acids was carried out by two different methods: (i) By shoxlet and (ii) bligh and dyer. The optimized conditions were determined by surface response methodology (RSM), and the criterion of desirability was the maximum extraction of Ra and Ca. Results: The method of bligh and dyer was able to extraction more total Lp than the shoxlet. However, the extraction of fatty acid was different for the two methods. The optimized conditions to extract RA and Ca was calculated by RSM, 42°C, 30% (alcohol degree) and 24 min, this conditions maximize simultaneously the extraction of Ca (0, 04%) and Ry (1.89), Conclusion: It was observed that the extraction method alters the chemical composition of extract, and it is possible to extract Ca and Ra from A. tibourbou's leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Severino Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Faculty of Pharmacy Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Goiás, Brazil
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Tsai CH, Tzeng SF, Hsieh SC, Lin CY, Tsai CJ, Chen YR, Yang YC, Chou YW, Lee MT, Hsiao PW. Development of a standardized and effect-optimized herbal extract of Wedelia chinensis for prostate cancer. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:406-14. [PMID: 25837279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine is a popular complementary or alternative treatment for prostate cancer. Wedelia chinensis has at least three active compounds, wedelolactone, luteolin, and apigenin synergistically inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Here, we report a systematic study to develop a standardized and effect-optimized herbal extract, designated as W. chinensis extract (WCE) to facilitate its future scientific validation and clinical use. Ethanolic extract of dried W. chinensis plant was further condensed, acid hydrolyzed, and enriched with preparative chromatography. The chemical compositions of multiple batches of the standardized preparation WCE were quantified by LC/MS/MS, and biological activities were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the holistic WCE were compared with the combination of the equivalent principal active compounds through oral administration. The results indicated that quantitative chemical assay and PSA (prostate-specific antigen)-reporter assay together are suitable to measure the quality and efficacy of a standardized Wedelia extract on a xenograft tumor model. The presence of minor concomitant compounds in WCE prolonged the systemic exposure to the active compounds, thus augmented the anti-tumor efficacy of WCE. In conclusion, a combination of LC/MS/MS and PSA reporter assay is suitable to qualify a standardized preparation of WCE. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of active compounds demonstrate that holistic WCE exerted additional pharmacological synergy beyond the multi-targeted therapeutic effects caused by more than one active compound. WCE merits a higher priority to be studied for use in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheue-Fen Tzeng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chuan Hsieh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Tsai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Villiger A, Sala F, Suter A, Butterweck V. In vitro inhibitory potential of Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:138-44. [PMID: 25636882 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Boldocynara®, a proprietary dietary supplement product consisting of the plants Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus, used to promote functions of the liver and the gallbladder. It was the aim of the present study to look from a different perspective at the product by investigating the in vitro potential of Boldocynara® as a combination product and its individual extracts on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Peumus boldus extract exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase (80% inhibition at 100 µg/ml, IC50: 17.56 µg/ml). Silybum marianum had moderate pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activities (30% at 100 µg/ml) whereas Cynara scolymus showed moderate ACE inhibitory activity (31% at 100 µg/ml). The combination had moderate to weak effects on the tested enzymes. In conclusion, our results indicate some moderate potential of the dietary supplement Boldocynara® and its single ingredients for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Villiger
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Sala
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Andy Suter
- Bioforce AG, Grünaustrasse 4, CH-9325 Roggwil, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Dimpfel W. Pharmacological classification of herbal extracts by means of comparison to spectral EEG signatures induced by synthetic drugs in the freely moving rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:583-589. [PMID: 23899454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbal extracts targeting at the brain remain a continuous challenge to pharmacology. Usually, a number of different animal tests have to be performed in order to find a potential clinical use. Due to manifold possibly active ingredients biochemical approaches are difficult. A more holistic approach using a neurophysiological technique has been developed earlier in order to characterise synthetic drugs. Stereotactic implantation of four semi-microelectrodes into frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and reticular formation of rats allowed continuous wireless monitoring of field potentials (EEG) before and after drug intake. After frequency analysis (Fast Fourier Transformation) electric power was calculated for 6 ranges (delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1 and beta2). Data from 14 synthetic drugs - tested earlier and representative for different clinical indications - were taken for construction of discriminant functions showing the projection of the frequency patterns in a six-dimensional graph. Quantitative analysis of the EEG frequency pattern from the depth of the brain succeeded in discrimination of drug effects according to their known clinical indication (Dimpfel and Schober, 2003). Extracts from Valerian root, Ginkgo leaves, Paullinia seed, Hop strobile, Rhodiola rosea root and Sideritis scardica herb were tested now under identical conditions. Classification of these extracts based on the matrix from synthetic drugs revealed that Valerian root and hop induced a pattern reminiscent of physiological sleep. Ginkgo and Paullinia appeared in close neighbourhood of stimulatory drugs like caffeine or to an analgesic profile (tramadol). Rhodiola and Sideritis developed similar frequency patterns comparable to a psychostimulant drug (methylphenidate) as well to an antidepressive drug (paroxetine).
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Biglar M, Soltani K, Nabati F, Bazl R, Mojab F, Amanlou M. A preliminary investigation of the jack-bean urease inhibition by randomly selected traditionally used herbal medicine. Iran J Pharm Res 2012; 11:831-7. [PMID: 24250509 PMCID: PMC3813127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia and even gastric cancer and its eradiation dependst upon multi-drug therapy. The most effective therapy is still unknown and prompts people to make great efforts to find better and more modern natural or synthetic anti-H. pylori agents. In this report 21 randomly selected herbal methanolic extracts were evaluated for their effect on inhibition of Jack-bean urease using the indophenol method as described by Weatherburn. The inhibition potency was measured by UV spectroscopy technique at 630 nm which attributes to released ammonium. Among these extracts, five showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 ranges of 18-35 μg/mL. These plants are Matricaria disciforme (IC50:35 μg/mL), Nasturtium officinale (IC50:18 μg/mL), Punica granatum (IC50:30 μg/mL), Camelia sinensis (IC50:35 μg/mL), Citrus aurantifolia (IC50:28 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Biglar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Soltani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Bazl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Baek EB, Yoo HY, Park SJ, Chung YS, Hong EK, Kim SJ. Inhibition of Arterial Myogenic Responses by a Mixed Aqueous Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Panax Notoginseng (PASEL) Showing Antihypertensive Effects. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 13:287-93. [PMID: 19885012 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The dried roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation as well as various other bodily functions. Here we investigated the effects of a mixture of aqueous extracts of Danshen and Sanchi, named PASEL, on blood pressure and vascular contractility in rats. Orally administered PASEL (62.5 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, for 5 weeks) lowered the blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) but this was not observed in normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR). We then investigated the effects of PASEL on the arterial contraction of the small branches of cerebral arteries (CAs) and large conduit femoral arteries (FAs) in rats. PASEL did not affect high-K (KCl 60 mM)- or phenyleprine (PhE)-induced contracture of FAs. The myogenic response, a reactive arterial constriction in response to increased luminal pressure, of small CA was dose-dependently suppressed by PASEL in SHR as well as control rats. Interestingly, the KCl-induced contraction of small CAs was slowly reversed by PASEL, and this effect was more prominent in SHR than control WKR. PASEL did not inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. These results demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of PASEL might be primarily mediated by altering the arterial MR, not by direct inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels or by ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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