1
|
Ye Z, Kilic G, Dabelsteen S, Marinova IN, Thøfner JF, Song M, Rudjord-Levann AM, Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Brakebusch CH, Olsen JV, Wandall HH. Characterization of TGF-β signaling in a human organotypic skin model reveals that loss of TGF-βRII induces invasive tissue growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo2206. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling regulates various aspects of cell growth and differentiation and is often dysregulated in human cancers. We combined genetic engineering of a human organotypic three-dimensional (3D) skin model with global quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics to dissect the importance of essential components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including the ligands TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, the receptor TGF-βRII, and the intracellular effector SMAD4. Consistent with the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β signaling, the loss of TGF-β1 or SMAD4 promoted cell cycling and delayed epidermal differentiation. The loss of TGF-βRII, which abrogates both SMAD4-dependent and SMAD4-independent downstream signaling, more strongly affected cell proliferation and differentiation than did loss of SMAD4, and it induced invasive growth. TGF-βRII knockout reduced cell-matrix interactions, and the production of matrix proteins increased the production of cancer-associated cell-cell adhesion proteins and proinflammatory mediators and increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Inhibiting the activation of the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways blocked the development of the invasive phenotype upon the loss of TGF-βRII. This study provides a framework for exploring TGF-β signaling pathways in human epithelial tissue homeostasis and transformation using genetic engineering, 3D tissue models, and high-throughput quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülcan Kilic
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N. Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F. B. Thøfner
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming Song
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asha M. Rudjord-Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H. Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huo J, Fan X, Qi B, Sun P. A Five-Gene Signature Associated With DNA Damage Repair Molecular Subtype Predict Overall Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:771819. [PMID: 35126478 PMCID: PMC8811360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.771819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA damage repair (DDR) is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its impact on prognosis has not been fully understood.Materials and methods: A total of 904 HCC patients were included in our study, TCGA (n = 370) and GSE14520 (n = 239) were merged into a large-sample training cohort (n = 609). The training cohort was clustered into C1 and C2 based on prognostic DDR-related genes, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between C1 and C2 were identified by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test referred to criteria (|log2FC|≥1 and FDR< 0.05). The univariate Cox analysis was used to screen the prognostic-related DEGs, and Lasso penalized Cox regression analysis was used to construct the risk score. The patients were clarified into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. ICGC (n = 231) and GSE116174 (n = 64) cohorts were used for external validation of the risk score’s prognostic value.Results: The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the high-risk group had a significantly reduced overall survival (OS) compared to the low-risk group in the three independent cohorts, and the time-dependent ROC curve showed that the five-gene (STMN1, PON1, PLOD2, MARCKSL1, and SPP1) risk score with a high accuracy in predicting OS. The patients with AFP >300 ng/ml, tumor poor differentiation (grade 3–4), micro and macro vascular tumor invasion, advanced stage (AJCC III-IV, BCLC stage B-C, and CLIP score >2) exhibited a higher risk score. Subgroup survival analysis found that the risk score was applicable to patients with different clinical characteristics. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle, p53 signaling, TNF signaling-related pathways were upregulated in the high-risk group. The higher infiltration level of activated CD4 T cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and type 2 T helper cells were found to lead an unfavorable impact on the OS of HCC patients, and these four kinds of immune cells exhibited a higher infiltration level in the high-risk group.Conclusion: The five-gene risk score proposed in the research may provide new insights into the individualized evaluation of HCC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Huo
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Department of Allergy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingxin Qi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Hepatobilary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang LP, Zheng JH, Zhang JK, Huang XH. Dysregulated miR-222-3p in plasma exosomes of preeclampsia patients and its In vitro effect on HTR8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cells by targeting STMN1. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221138550. [PMID: 36475430 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221138550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of miR-222-3p in plasma exosomes (Exos) and plasma for preeclampsia (PE) and the effect of miR-222-3p targeting STMN1 in PE. METHODS MiR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos were detected in PE patients and healthy controls. A bioinformatics database and dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-222-3p and STMN1. Trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells were transfected with miR-222-3p inhibitors with/without STMN1 shRNA, followed by MTT, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The mRNA and protein expressions were measured by qRT‒PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS MiR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos were higher in PE patients than in healthy controls, particularly in severe PE patients. In addition, miR-222-3p levels in total plasma and plasma Exos from PE patients were positively correlated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The area under the curve (AUC) of miR-222-3p in total plasma for PE diagnostic efficiency was 0.798, with a sensitivity of 76.67% and specificity of 71.93%, while the AUC of miR-222-3p in plasma Exos was 0.708 (sensitivity: 61.67%; specificity: 78.95%). In vitro, miR-222-3p targeted STMN1 in HTR-8/Svneo cells. Low miR-222-3p expression reversed the inhibitory effect of STMN1 shRNA on the proliferation, invasion and migration of HTR/SVneo cells. CONCLUSION PE patients had increased miR-222-3p expression in total plasma and plasma Exos, which both have high diagnostic efficiency for PE. MiR-222-3p can target STMN1 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of HTR-8/Svneo cells and is a potential therapeutic target of PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Kun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71213The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bi C, Cui H, Fan H, Li L. LncRNA LINC01116 Promotes the Development of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting miR-9-5p/STMN1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10547-10558. [PMID: 33116633 PMCID: PMC7573327 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to research the role of LINC01116 in the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and development of colorectal cancer cells. Methods In total 62 colorectal cancer patient tissues and human CRC cell lines (OUMS23, SW116, SW480 and LOVO) were obtained for this study. SiLINC01116, miR-9-5p mimic, LINC01116, oe-STMN1 and their controls were transfected. The qRT-PCR method and Western blot were used to detect the levels of LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1 in tissues and cells. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were processed for proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transwell assay was undertaken to verify invasion and migration. Luciferase assay and pull down assay were processed to confirm the binding relationship among LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1. Immunohistochemistry assay also detected the expression of STMN1. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to analyze patient survival rate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the regulatory relationship between LINC01116, miR-9-5p and STMN1 in tissues. Results LINC01116 was expressed higher in CRC tissues and cells. Patients with higher expression of LINC01116 had worse prognosis. Knockdown of LINC01116 suppressed development of CRC cell. LINC01116 negatively regulated miR-9-5p, while MiR-9-5p was negatively related to STMN1. miR-9-5p mimic could rescue the effect of LINC01116, inhibit migration and invasion, and improve apoptosis of CRC cells. Oe-STMN1 could also rescue the effect of miR-9-5p on the development of colorectal cancer. Conclusion LINC01116 promoted the development of colorectal cancer via modulating miR-9-5p/STMN1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyao Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266041, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zyxin (ZYX) promotes invasion and acts as a biomarker for aggressive phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2020; 100:812-823. [PMID: 31949244 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive growth, which leads to extensive infiltration and makes complete tumor excision difficult. Since cytoskeleton proteins are related to leading processes and cell motility, and through analysis of public GBM databases, we determined that an actin-interacting protein, zyxin (ZYX), may involved in GBM invasion. Our own glioma cohort as well as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases consistently showed that increased ZYX expression was related to tumor progression and poor prognosis of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the oncogenic roles of ZYX and demonstrated the role of ZYX in GBM invasive growth. Moreover, RNA-seq and mass-spectrum data from GBM cells with or without ZYX revealed that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was a potential target of ZYX. Subsequently, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of STMN1 were positively regulated by ZYX. Functionally, STMN1 not only promoted invasion of GBM cells but also rescued the invasion repression caused by ZYX loss. Taken together, our results indicate that high ZYX expression was associated with worse prognosis and highlighted that the ZYX-STMN1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Collapse
|
6
|
Janacova L, Faktor J, Capkova L, Paralova V, Pospisilova A, Podhorec J, Ebhardt HA, Hrstka R, Nenutil R, Aebersold R, Bouchal P. SWATH-MS Analysis of FFPE Tissues Identifies Stathmin as a Potential Marker of Endometrial Cancer in Patients Exposed to Tamoxifen. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2617-2630. [PMID: 32343582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A specific form of endometrial cancer (EC) can develop in breast cancer patients previously treated with tamoxifen (ET), an antagonist of estrogen receptor (ER) that inhibits proliferation of ER positive breast cancer. ET tumors have a different phenotype than endometrial tumors, which typically develop de novo without previous exposure to tamoxifen (EN). Here we aimed to identify specific protein markers that could serve as specific molecular targets in either phenotype. A set of total 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) endometrial tumor tissues and adjacent myometrium tissue samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS in SWATH-MS mode. We found that calcyphosin (CAPS) levels were elevated in EN tumors compared to ET tumors. The higher CAPS level in EC tissue invading to myometrium supports its relationship to EC aggressiveness. Further, stathmin (STMN1) levels were found significantly elevated in ET versus EN tumors and significantly associated with patient survival. This finding connects elevated levels of this cell cycle regulating, proliferation-associated protein with tamoxifen exposure. In summary, using SWATH-MS we show that CAPS and STMN1 should be recognized as clinicopathologically different EC markers of which STMN1 is specifically connected with a previous tamoxifen exposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Janacova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Faktor
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Capkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Paralova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Podhorec
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Holger Alexander Ebhardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stathmin is a potential therapeutic target but not a prognostic marker in melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of 323 melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Res 2018; 29:157-162. [PMID: 30422880 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In several solid tumors, an increased stathmin expression is associated with both poor prognosis and resistance to certain chemotherapy types. However, the data regarding melanocytic lesions are very limited. The goals of our study are as follows: the assessment of stathmin expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, and the significance of its expression for the differential diagnostics between benign and malignant lesions; the analysis of the prognostic significance of stathmin expression in melanoma; and the evaluation of stathmin expression in melanoma and melanoma metastases with respect to possible therapeutic targeting. Immunohistochemical analysis of stathmin expression was done in 323 melanocytic lesions, including 205 primary cutaneous melanomas, 60 melanoma metastases, and 58 melanocytic nevi. Stathmin expression was found in all analyzed groups of melanocytic lesions. Using the H-scoring system, the observed intensity of expression was as follows: melanocytic nevi: 146.1 (mean) and 150 (median); melanomas: 116.7 (mean) and 110 (median); and melanoma metastases: 136.8 (mean) and 140 (median). The stathmin expression was significantly lower in the cohort of primary melanomas when compared with metastases and nevi (P=0.001). The stathmin expression showed no prognostic significance. The high stathmin expression in melanoma suggests that stathmin might be a promising marker for therapeutic targeting in ongoing clinical trials. Compared with several other solid tumors, stathmin expression in melanoma showed no prognostic significance. The potential use of stathmin expression in differential diagnostics is limited by its common expression, and despite the statistically significant differences between nevi and melanoma, it may not be used in this setting.
Collapse
|
8
|
Riethdorf S, O'Flaherty L, Hille C, Pantel K. Clinical applications of the CellSearch platform in cancer patients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:102-121. [PMID: 29355669 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CellSearch® system (CS) enables standardized enrichment and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are repeatedly assessable via non-invasive "liquid biopsy". While the association of CTCs with poor clinical outcome for cancer patients has clearly been demonstrated in numerous clinical studies, utilizing CTCs for the identification of therapeutic targets, stratification of patients for targeted therapies and uncovering mechanisms of resistance is still under investigation. Here, we comprehensively review the current benefits and drawbacks of clinical CTC analyses for patients with metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. Furthermore, the review focuses on approaches beyond CTC enumeration that aim to uncover therapeutically relevant antigens, genomic aberrations, transcriptional profiles and epigenetic alterations of CTCs at a single cell level. This characterization of CTCs may shed light on the heterogeneity and genomic landscapes of malignant tumors, an understanding of which is highly important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aronova A, Min IM, Crowley MJP, Panjwani SJ, Finnerty BM, Scognamiglio T, Liu YF, Whitsett TG, Garg S, Demeure MJ, Elemento O, Zarnegar R, Fahey TJ. STMN1 is Overexpressed in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Promotes a More Aggressive Phenotype In Vitro. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 25:792-800. [PMID: 29214451 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Stathmin1 (STMN1) is a cytosolic protein involved in microtubule dynamics through inhibition of tubulin polymerization and promotion of microtubule depolymerization, which has been implicated in carcinogenesis and aggressive behavior in multiple epithelial malignancies. We aimed to evaluate expression of STMN1 in ACC and to elucidate how this may contribute to its malignant phenotype. METHODS STMN1 was identified by RNA sequencing as a highly differentially expressed gene in human ACC samples compared with benign adrenal tumors. Expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) from two independent cohorts. The biologic relevance of STMN1 was investigated in NCI-H295R cells by lentivirus-mediated silencing. RESULTS Differential gene expression demonstrated an eightfold increase in STMN1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in malignant compared with benign adrenal tissue. IHC showed significantly higher expression of STMN1 protein in ACC compared with normal and benign tissues. STMN1 knockdown in an ACC cell line resulted in decreased cell viability, cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1, and increased apoptosis in serum-starved conditions compared with scramble short hairpin RNA (shRNA) controls. STMN1 knockdown also decreased migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS STMN1 is overexpressed in human ACC samples, and knockdown of this target in vitro resulted in a less aggressive phenotype of ACC, particularly under serum-starved conditions. Further study is needed to investigate the feasibility of interfering with STMN1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aronova
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Irene M Min
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J P Crowley
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suraj J Panjwani
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan M Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa Scognamiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shipra Garg
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasa Zarnegar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Fahey
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ünal EB, Uhlitz F, Blüthgen N. A compendium of ERK targets. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2607-2615. [PMID: 28675784 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The RAF-MEK-ERK cascade is one of the most studied signaling pathways as it controls many vital cellular programs. There has been an immense amount of effort to determine ERK target proteins involved in regulating these programs. Classical biochemical and genetic approaches have elicited hundreds of direct ERK substrates, and with the advent of phospho-proteomic technologies, numerous studies have expanded the number of ERK target proteins. Here, we compile a comprehensive ERK target phospho-site archive, in which we gathered information from various research studies, and we provide this archive as an online database to form a searchable compendium of ERK targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evrim B Ünal
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Uhlitz
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yu P, Hu Y, Zhou H, Guo L, Xu X, Zhu X, Waqas M, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen F, Tang M, Qian X, Shi H, Gao X, Chai R. Characterization of Lgr5+ Progenitor Cell Transcriptomes after Neomycin Injury in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:213. [PMID: 28725177 PMCID: PMC5496572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) are enriched hair cell (HC) progenitors in the cochlea. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HC injury can spontaneously activate Lgr5+ progenitors to regenerate HCs in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Promoting HC regeneration requires the understanding of the mechanism of HC regeneration, and this requires knowledge of the key genes involved in HC injury-induced self-repair responses that promote the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. Here, as expected, we found that neomycin-treated Lgr5+ progenitors (NLPs) had significantly greater HC regeneration ability, and greater but not significant proliferation ability compared to untreated Lgr5+ progenitors (ULPs) in response to neomycin exposure. Next, we used RNA-seq analysis to determine the differences in the gene-expression profiles between the transcriptomes of NLPs and ULPs from the neonatal mouse cochlea. We first analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs and then analyzed the cell cycle genes, the transcription factors, and the signaling pathway genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. We found 9 cell cycle genes, 88 transcription factors, 8 microRNAs, and 16 cell-signaling pathway genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated after neomycin injury in NLPs. Lastly, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network to show the interaction and connections of genes that are differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs. This study has identified the genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration of Lgr5+ progenitors after neomycin injury, and investigations into the roles and mechanisms of these genes in the cochlea should be performed in the future to identify potential therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Bioinformatics Department, Admera Health LLCSouth Plainfield, NJ, United States
| | - Yao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
High stathmin expression is a marker for poor clinical outcome in endometrial cancer: An NRG oncology group/gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:247-253. [PMID: 28532857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 177 demonstrated that addition of paclitaxel to a backbone of adriamycin/cisplatin improves overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Using patient specimens from GOG-177, our objective was to identify potential mechanisms underlying the improved clinical response to taxanes. Stathmin (STMN1) is a recognized poor prognostic marker in endometrial cancer that functions as a microtubule depolymerizing protein, allowing cells to transit rapidly through mitosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that one possible mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of paclitaxel could be to counter the impact of stathmin. METHODS We analyzed the expression of stathmin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 69 specimens from patients enrolled on GOG-177. We also determined the correlation between stathmin mRNA expression and clinical outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for endometrial cancer. RESULTS We first established that stathmin expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS for all analyzed cases in both GOG-177 and TCGA. However, subgroup analysis from GOG-177 revealed that high stathmin correlated with poor PFS and OS particularly in patients who received adriamycin/cisplatin only. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between stathmin expression and OS or PFS in patients treated with paclitaxel/adriamycin/cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that high stathmin expression is a poor prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. Paclitaxel may help to negate the impact of stathmin overexpression when treating high risk endometrial cancer cases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhijun L, Dapeng W, Hong J, Guicong W, Bingjian Y, Honglin L. Overexpression of CPEB4 in glioma indicates a poor prognosis by promoting cell migration and invasion. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694538. [PMID: 28381179 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective treatment and poor prognosis. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 is a regulator of gene transcription and has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in cancers. However, the mechanisms that cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 contributes to tumor migration and invasion remain unknown. Here, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the results were compared with clinicopathological parameters, including survival. Using glioma cell lines (SKMG-4 and T98G), we measured cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 messenger RNA and protein expression and studied the effects of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression on cell migration and invasion. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in normal brain tissues. Clinicopathological analysis showed that cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression was significantly correlated with advanced World Health Organization grade ( p < 0.001) and lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ( p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 positive as opposed to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 negative patients had lower overall survival ( p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression might be an independent prognostic indicator (hazard ratio = 2.091, 95% confidence interval: 1.093-3.999, p = 0.026) for glioma patients. Moreover, upregulated cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression could promote T98G cell migration and invasion, and downregulated cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression could inhibit SKMG-4 cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, downregulated cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 could reduce the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. In conclusion, our studies indicated that positive cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 expression predicted a worse prognosis in glioma patients, and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 could represent a useful biomarker or therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhijun
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wu Dapeng
- 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Hong
- 3 Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wang Guicong
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan Bingjian
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liu Honglin
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Fu J, Pan Y, Zhang X, Shen L. Silencing of miR-1247 by DNA methylation promoted non-small-cell lung cancer cell invasion and migration by effects of STMN1. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7297-7307. [PMID: 27942223 PMCID: PMC5138046 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancer development and progression, altering several biological functions by affecting targets through either degradation of mRNAs or suppression of protein translation. One such miRNA, miR-1247, is downregulated in various cancers, but its biological role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. This study found that the expression of miR-1247 was significantly reduced in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues compared with matched normal lung tissues and cell lines as a result of DNA hypermethylation. Overexpression of miR-1247 or demethylation by 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) treatment dramatically inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, Stathmin 1 (STMN1) was found to be an immediate and functional target of miR-1247. The expression of STMN1 was significantly increased in NSCLC cell lines but was decreased by 5-Aza treatment. In addition, miR-1247 upregulation partially inhibited STMN1-induced promotion of migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells. The results suggest that miR-1247 was silenced by DNA methylation. MiR-1247 and its downstream target gene STMN1 may therefore be a future target for the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Xiangya Hospital; Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yuliang Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biaoxue R, Hua L, Wenlong G, Shuanying Y. Overexpression of stathmin promotes metastasis and growth of malignant solid tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78994-79007. [PMID: 27806343 PMCID: PMC5346693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin has been investigated to be involved in development and progress of malignant tumors. This study was to clarify the relationship between expression of stathmin and tumors and assess its clinical significance. We identified 25 studies with a total of 3,571 individuals from the electronic bibliographic databases and strictly evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of included studies. We analysed the relationship between expression of stathmin and clinical characteristics by the fixed-effects and random-effects of meta-analysis and constructed a summary receiver-operator characteristic curve to estimate the test characteristics. The results showed that patients with cancer displayed a higher stathmin expression than those of non-cancer individuals (OR, 0.31), and overexpression of stathmin correlated with tumor cell differentiation (OR, 0.73), lymph node invasion (OR, 0.80) and high TNM stage (OR, 0.67). The pooled sensitivity of stathmin for distinguishing malignant tumors was 0.73 and the specificity was 0.77. The maximum balance joint for sensitivity and specificity (the Q-value) was 0.7566 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8234. In conclusion, these results showed that overexpression of stathmin intimately correlated with malignant behavior of tumors, suggesting it could be a risk factor of malignant tumors. Stathmin had great sensitivity and specificity indicated it should be a significant molecular biomarker for malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gao Wenlong
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Zhang Q, Ding C, Zhang X, Qiu X, Zhang Z. Stathmin1 overexpression in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A new promoter in FaDu cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:31-40. [PMID: 27878293 PMCID: PMC5182004 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin1, a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, is considered to play a crucial role in regulating cellular microtubule dynamics and controlling mitosis. Previous studies have showed that STMN1 is highly expressed in many human malignancies and is related to development, invasion and metastasis of tumors. However, its expression pattern, clinical performance and functional roles in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) have not been addressed. In this study, we found that STMN1 was significantly elevated in HSCC and its expression level was correlated with poor differentiation (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001), large tumor size (P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.008). A positive correlation between STMN1 and Ki-67 expression was also exhibited. High STMN1 expression predicted poor survival. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of STMN1 by siRNAs inhibited the FaDu cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, decreased STMN1 expression in FaDu cells reversed the acquisition of EMT phenotype by upregulating E-cadherin, as well as reduced vimentin expression at protein and mRNA levels. These results suggested that STMN1 plays an important role in proliferation and migration of HSCC and may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target of HSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanjin Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Based on the histological features and outcome, the current WHO classification separates thymomas into A, AB, B1, B2 and B3 subtypes. It is hypothesized that the type A thymomas are derived from the thymic medulla while the type B thymomas are derived from the cortex. Due to occasional histological overlap between the tumor subtypes creating difficulties in their separation, the aim of this study was to provide their proteomic characterization and identify potential immunohistochemical markers aiding in tissue diagnosis. Pair-wise comparison of neoplastic and normal thymus by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue revealed 61 proteins differentially expressed in thymomas compared to normal tissue. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct segregation of subtypes AB, B1 and B2 from that of A and B3. Most notably, desmoyokin, a protein that is encoded by the AHNAK gene, was associated with type A thymomas and medulla of normal thymus, by LC-MS/MS and immunohistochemistry. In this global proteomic characterization of the thymoma, several proteins unique to different thymic compartments and thymoma subtypes were identified. Among differentially expressed proteins, desmoyokin is a marker specific for thymic medulla and is potentially promising immunohistochemical marker in separation of type A and B3 thymomas.
Collapse
|
18
|
Biaoxue R, Xiguang C, Hua L, Shuanying Y. Stathmin-dependent molecular targeting therapy for malignant tumor: the latest 5 years' discoveries and developments. J Transl Med 2016; 14:279. [PMID: 27670291 PMCID: PMC5037901 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms on malignant tumors is very critical for the development of new treatment strategies like molecularly targeted therapies. In last 5 years, many investigations suggest that stathmin is over-expressed in a variety of human malignant tumors, and potentially promotes the occurrence and development of tumors. Rather, down-regulation of stathmin can reduce cell proliferation, motility and metastasis and induce apoptosis of malignant tumors. Thus, a stathmin antagonist, such as a specific inhibitor (antibody, small molecule compound, peptide, or siRNA), may be a novel strategy of molecular targeted therapy. This review summarizes the research progress of recent 5 years on the role of stathmin in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms and development of anti-stathmin treatment, which suggest that continued investigations into the function of stathmin in the tumorigenesis could lead to more rationally designed therapeutics targeting stathmin for treating human malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Cai Xiguang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|