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Das K, Paul S, Ghosh A, Gupta S, Mukherjee T, Shankar P, Sharma A, Keshava S, Chauhan SC, Kashyap VK, Parashar D. Extracellular Vesicles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immune Regulation, Biomarkers, and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 37835573 PMCID: PMC10571545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype accounting for ~10-20% of all human BC and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. Owing to its unique molecular profile and limited targeted therapies, TNBC treatment poses significant challenges. Unlike other BC subtypes, TNBC lacks specific molecular targets, rendering endocrine therapies and HER2-targeted treatments ineffective. The chemotherapeutic regimen is the predominant systemic treatment modality for TNBC in current clinical practice. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC is variable, with response rates varying between a wide range of patients, and the emerging resistance further adds to the difficulties. Furthermore, TNBC exhibits a higher mutational burden and is acknowledged as the most immunogenic of all BC subtypes. Consequently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC, yielding promising outcomes. Recent evidence identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an important contributor in the context of TNBC immunotherapy. In view of the extraordinary ability of EVs to transfer bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNAs, and small miRNAs, between the cells, EVs are considered a promising diagnostic biomarker and novel drug delivery system among the prospects for immunotherapy. The present review provides an in-depth understanding of how EVs influence TNBC progression, its immune regulation, and their contribution as a predictive biomarker for TNBC. The final part of the review focuses on the recent key advances in immunotherapeutic strategies for better understanding the complex interplay between EVs and the immune system in TNBC and further developing EV-based targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA or
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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2
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Rusu B, Kukreja B, Wu T, Dan SJ, Feng MY, Kalish BT. Single-Nucleus Profiling Identifies Accelerated Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Senescence in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0147-23.2023. [PMID: 37491366 PMCID: PMC10449487 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0147-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, is associated with lifelong cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms by which triplication of chromosome 21 genes drive neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, using the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, we performed an integrated single-nucleus ATAC and RNA-sequencing (snATAC-seq and snRNA-seq) analysis of the adult cortex. We identified cell type-specific transcriptional and chromatin-associated changes in the Ts65Dn cortex, including regulators of neuroinflammation, transcription and translation, myelination, and mitochondrial function. We discovered enrichment of a senescence-associated transcriptional signature in Ts65Dn oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor cells (OPCs) and epigenetic changes consistent with a loss of heterochromatin. We found that senescence is restricted to a subset of OPCs concentrated in deep cortical layers. Treatment of Ts65Dn mice with a senescence-reducing flavonoid rescued cortical OPC proliferation, restored microglial homeostasis, and improved contextual fear memory. Together, these findings suggest that cortical OPC senescence may be an important driver of neuropathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rusu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bharti Kukreja
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taiyi Wu
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sophie J Dan
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Yi Feng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian T Kalish
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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3
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Qiao L, Zhang L, Wang H. SPAG9 Expression Predicts Good Prognosis in Patients with Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Experimental Validation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:944. [PMID: 37107702 PMCID: PMC10138117 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive type of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been reported to promote the progression of a variety of tumors and is thus a potential prognostic marker. This study combined a bioinformatics analysis with an experimental validation, exploring the prognostic value of SPAG9 expression in ccRCC patients and the possible underlying mechanisms. The SPAG9 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in pan-cancer patients, but with a good prognosis and slow tumor progression in ccRCC patients. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the roles of SPAG9 in ccRCC and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). The latter was chosen for comparison with ccRCC to represent the tumor types in which SPAG9 expression suggests a poor prognosis. The overexpression of SPAG9 increased the expression of autophagy-related genes in 786-O cells but not in HTB-9 cells, and SPAG9 expression was significantly correlated with a weaker inflammatory response in ccRCC but not in BLCA. Through an integrated bioinformatics analysis, we screened out seven key genes (AKT3, MAPK8, PIK3CA, PIK3R3, SOS1, SOS2, and STAT5B) in this study. The correlation between SPAG9 expression and ccRCC prognosis depends on the expression of key genes. Since most of the key genes were PI3K-AKT-pathway members, we used the PI3K agonist 740Y-P to stimulate the 786-O cells, to mimic the effect of key-gene overexpression. Compared with the Ov-SPAG9 786-O cells, the 740Y-P further increased the expression of autophagy-related genes by more than twofold. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram based on SPAG9/key genes and other clinical features, which was proven to have some predictive value. Our study found that SPAG9 expression predicted opposite clinical outcomes in pan-cancer and ccRCC patients, and we speculated that SPAG9 suppresses tumor progression by promoting autophagy and inhibiting inflammatory responses in ccRCC. We further found that some genes might cooperate with SPAG9 to promote autophagy, and that these were highly expressed in the tumor stroma and could be represented by key genes. The SPAG9-based nomogram can help to estimate the long-term prognosis of ccRCC patients, indicating that SPAG9 is a potential prognostic marker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Q.)
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4
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Karn V, Sandhya S, Hsu W, Parashar D, Singh HN, Jha NK, Gupta S, Dubey NK, Kumar S. CRISPR/Cas9 system in breast cancer therapy: advancement, limitations and future scope. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 35879772 PMCID: PMC9316746 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, therefore it is considered a major health concern. Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer which affects women on a global scale. Various current treatment strategies have been implicated for breast cancer therapy that includes surgical removal, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted biological therapy. However, constant effort is being made to introduce novel therapies with minimal toxicity. Gene therapy is one of the promising tools, to rectify defective genes and cure various cancers. In recent years, a novel genome engineering technology, namely the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 (Cas9) has emerged as a gene-editing tool and transformed genome-editing techniques in a wide range of biological domains including human cancer research and gene therapy. This could be attributed to its versatile characteristics such as high specificity, precision, time-saving and cost-effective methodologies with minimal risk. In the present review, we highlight the role of CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted therapy to tackle drug resistance, improve immunotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamika Karn
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, 410221, India
| | - Sandhya Sandhya
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wayne Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Victory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei, 114757, Taiwan. .,ShiNeo Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, 24262, Taiwan.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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5
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Oncolytic Adenovirus with SPAG9 shRNA Driven by DD3 Promoter Improved the Efficacy of Docetaxil for Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7918067. [PMID: 35535313 PMCID: PMC9078851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7918067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor of the male urinary system and ranks the second in the causes of tumor-related deaths. Differential display code 3 (DD3) is a noncoding gene that is specifically expressed in PCa. High expression of sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is closely related to tumorigenesis of PCa, and SPAG9 is a therapeutic target for PCa. In this study, a new oncolytic adenovirus DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 was constructed by using DD3 promoter to enhance the efficacy and safety of adenovirus. The combined use of DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 and docetaxel showed that DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of docetaxel in PCa both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism was related to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor cell invasion. In conclusion, DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 combined with docetaxel is an effective strategy for PCa therapy.
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Dhandapani H, Jayakumar H, Seetharaman A, Singh SS, Ganeshrajah S, Jagadish N, Suri A, Thangarajan R, Ramanathan P. Dendritic cells matured with recombinant human sperm associated antigen 9 (rhSPAG9) induce CD4 +, CD8 + T cells and activate NK cells: a potential candidate molecule for immunotherapy in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:473. [PMID: 34493268 PMCID: PMC8424976 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is capable of activating the immune system and in particular tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eradicate the tumor. However, major limitations are the availability of autologous tumor cells as antigenic source and the selection of antigen that may have potential to activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immune-specific manner. Recently, we reported the expression of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) that is associated with various types of malignancies including cervical cancer. We examined the recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) as an antigenic source for generating efficient DCs to stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for future DCs-based vaccine trials in cervical cancer patients. Methods Human monocytes derived DCs were pulsed with different concentrations (250 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml) of recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) and evaluated for their phenotypic and functional ability. The efficacy of DCs primed with 750 ng/ml of rhSPAG9 (SPDCs) was compared with DCs primed with autologous tumor lysates (TLDCs), to induce CD4+, CD8+ T cells and activating NK cells. In addition, we investigated the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin on phenotypic and functional potential of SPDCs. Results Phenotypic and functional characterization of DCs pulsed with 750 ng/ml rhSPAG9 was found to be optimal and effective for priming DCs. SPDCs were also capable of stimulating allogeneic T cells similar to TLDCs. SPDCs showed a statistically insignificant increase in the expression of maturation marker CD83 and migration towards CCL19 and CCL21 compared with TLDCs (CD83; P = 0.4; migration; P = 0.2). In contrast, although TLDCs showed better proliferation and secretion of Th1 cytokines (IL12p40, IL12p70 and IFNγ) compared to SPDCs, this difference was not statistically significant (IL12p40, P = 0.06). Further we also observed that clinical dose of cisplatin (200 µM) treated SPDCs were able to stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes without increasing the FOXP3+ Tregs in autologous co-cultures. Conclusions In summary, in order to overcome the limitation of the availability of autologous tumor cells as antigenic sources, our present strategy provides an insight to consider rhSPAG9 as a strong immunogen for DC-based immunotherapy for cervical cancer trials and warrants further studies. This is the first report to suggest that rhSPAG9 is an effective antigen for pulsing DCs that are capable of eliciting a potent Th1 response which, in turn, may help in decreasing the tumor burden when used along with a cisplatin based combinatorial regimen for therapeutic intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01951-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathi Dhandapani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Hascitha Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Abirami Seetharaman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shirley Sunder Singh
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Selvaluxmy Ganeshrajah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajkumar Thangarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Priya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India.
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7
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Parashar D, Geethadevi A, McAllister D, Ebben J, Peterson FC, Jensen DR, Bishop E, Pradeep S, Volkman BF, Dwinell MB, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, James MA. Targeted biologic inhibition of both tumor cell-intrinsic and intercellular CLPTM1L/CRR9-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:16. [PMID: 33654182 PMCID: PMC7925570 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of therapy-resistant tumors is a principal problem in solid tumor oncology, particularly in ovarian cancer. Despite common complete responses to first line, platinum-based therapies, most women with ovarian cancer recur, and eventually, nearly all with recurrent disease develop platinum resistance. Likewise, both intrinsic and acquired resistance contribute to the dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Our previous work and that of others has established CLPTM1L (cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like)/CRR9 (cisplatin resistance related protein 9) as a cytoprotective oncofetal protein that is present on the tumor cell surface. We show that CLPTM1L is broadly overexpressed and accumulated on the plasma membrane of ovarian tumor cells, while weakly or not expressed in normal tissues. High expression of CLPTM1L is associated with poor outcome in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Robust re-sensitization of resistant ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based therapy was achieved using human monoclonal biologics inhibiting CLPTM1L in both orthotopic isografts and patient-derived cisplatin resistant xenograft models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in addition to cell-autonomous cytoprotection by CLPTM1L, extracellular CLPTM1L confers resistance to chemotherapeutic killing in an ectodomain-dependent fashion, and that this intercellular resistance mechanism is inhibited by anti-CLPTM1L biologics. Specifically, exosomal CLPTM1L from cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell lines conferred resistance to cisplatin in drug-sensitive parental cell lines. CLPTM1L is present in extracellular vesicle fractions of tumor culture supernatants and in patients' serum with increasing abundance upon chemotherapy treatment. These findings have encouraging implications for the use of anti-CLPTM1L targeted biologics in the treatment of therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Johnathan Ebben
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Bishop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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8
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Parashar D, Nair B, Geethadevi A, George J, Nair A, Tsaih SW, Kadamberi IP, Gopinadhan Nair GK, Lu Y, Ramchandran R, Uyar DS, Rader JS, Ram PT, Mills GB, Pradeep S, Chaluvally-Raghavan P. Peritoneal Spread of Ovarian Cancer Harbors Therapeutic Vulnerabilities Regulated by FOXM1 and EGFR/ERBB2 Signaling. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5554-5568. [PMID: 33087324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal spread is the primary mechanism of metastasis of ovarian cancer, and survival of ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity as nonadherent spheroids and their adherence to the mesothelium of distant organs lead to cancer progression, metastasis, and mortality. However, the mechanisms that govern this metastatic process in ovarian cancer cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we cultured ovarian cancer cell lines in adherent and nonadherent conditions in vitro and analyzed changes in mRNA and protein levels to identify mechanisms of tumor cell survival and proliferation in adherent and nonadherent cells. EGFR or ERBB2 upregulated ZEB1 in nonadherent cells, which caused resistance to cell death and increased tumor-initiating capacity. Conversely, Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was required for the induction of integrin β1, integrin-α V, and integrin-α 5 for adhesion of cancer cells. FOXM1 also upregulated ZEB1, which could act as a feedback inhibitor of FOXM1, and caused the transition of adherent cells to nonadherent cells. Strikingly, the combinatorial treatment with lapatinib [dual kinase inhibitor of EGFR (ERBB1) and ERBB2] and thiostrepton (FOXM1 inhibitor) reduced growth and peritoneal spread of ovarian cancer cells more effectively than either single-agent treatment in vivo. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that FOXM1 and EGFR/ERBB2 pathways are key points of vulnerability for therapy to disrupt peritoneal spread and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the mechanism exhibited by ovarian cancer cells required for adherent cell transition to nonadherent form during peritoneal spread and metastasis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5554/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bindu Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jasmine George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ajay Nair
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ishaque P Kadamberi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Denise S Uyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health Science University, Oregon, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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9
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Yan Q, Zhu K, Zhang L, Fu Q, Chen Z, Liu S, Fu D, Nakazato R, Yoshioka K, Diao B, Ding G, Li X, Wang H. A negative feedback loop between JNK-associated leucine zipper protein and TGF-β1 regulates kidney fibrosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:288. [PMID: 32504044 PMCID: PMC7275040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is controlled by profibrotic and antifibrotic forces. Exploring anti-fibrosis factors and mechanisms is an attractive strategy to prevent organ failure. Here we identified the JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) as a potential endogenous antifibrotic factor. JLP, predominantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in normal human or mouse kidneys, was downregulated in fibrotic kidneys. Jlp deficiency resulted in more severe renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, while renal fibrosis resistance was observed in TECs-specific transgenic Jlp mice. JLP executes its protective role in renal fibrosis via negatively regulating TGF-β1 expression and autophagy, and the profibrotic effects of ECM production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TECs. We further found that TGF-β1 and FGF-2 could negatively regulate the expression of JLP. Our study suggests that JLP plays a central role in renal fibrosis via its negative crosstalk with the profibrotic factor, TGF-β1. Qi Yan et al. find that JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (Jlp) counteracts the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1 and autophagy on renal tubular epithelial cells and that TGF-β1 and FGF-2 can negatively regulate the expression of Jlp. These findings provide insights into the role of Jlp in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dou Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Jagadish N, Devi S, Gupta N, Suri V, Suri A. Knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 inhibits proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320914477. [PMID: 32342732 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320914477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are the most aggressive subtypes with poor prognosis due to lack of targeted cancer therapy. Recently, we reported an association of A-kinase anchor protein 4 expression with various clinico-pathological parameters of breast cancer patients. In this context, we examined the effect of knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 on cell cycle, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells. We also examined the synergistic cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel on A-kinase anchor protein 4 downregulated triple-negative breast cancer cells. Knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 resulted in significant reduction in cellular growth and migratory abilities. Interestingly, we also observed enhanced cell death in A-kinase anchor protein 4 downregulated cells treated with paclitaxel. Knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 in cell cycle resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest. Knockdown of A-kinase anchor protein 4 also led to increased reactive oxygen species generation as a result of upregulation of NOXA and CHOP. In addition, levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules, and mesenchymal markers were reduced in A-kinase anchor protein 4 downregulated cells. Moreover, downregulation of A-kinase anchor protein 4 also caused tumor growth reduction in in vivo studies. These data together suggest that A-kinase anchor protein 4 downregulation inhibits various malignant properties and enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel, and this combinatorial approach could be useful for triple-negative breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Devi
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vitusha Suri
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
- SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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11
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Yan P, Su Z, Zhang Z, Gao T. LncRNA NEAT1 enhances the resistance of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells to cisplatin by sponging miR‑9‑5p and regulating SPAG9 expression. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:988-1002. [PMID: 31485599 PMCID: PMC6776185 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has a poor prognosis due to its resistance to all conventional treatments. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) serves a critical role in cancer chemoresistance; however, whether NEAT1 is associated with chemoresistance of ATC remains unclear. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays were performed to detect the expression levels of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-9-5p and sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9). Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of p62, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B and SPAG9. Cell proliferation was detected using the Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-9-5p, or miR-9-5p and SPAG9. Furthermore, an animal model was used to investigate the regulatory effects of NEAT1 on cisplatin (DDP)-resistance in tumors in vivo. The present results demonstrated that NEAT1 was upregulated in ATC tissues and cell lines, and NEAT1 silencing resulted in decreased DDP-resistance of ATC cells. In addition, NEAT1 suppressed miR-9-5p expression by binding to miR-9-5p and SPAG9 was a direct target of miR-9-5p. miR-9-5p overexpression sensitized ATC cells to DDP. Notably, NEAT1 silencing exerted its inhibitory effect on DDP-resistance of ATC via the miR-9-5p/SPAG9 axis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that NEAT1 silencing ameliorated DDP-resistance of ATC, at least in part by reducing miR-9-5p sponging and regulating SPAG5 expression; therefore, NEAT1 may be considered a potential therapeutic target of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zijie Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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12
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Liu RZ, Vo TM, Jain S, Choi WS, Garcia E, Monckton EA, Mackey JR, Godbout R. NFIB promotes cell survival by directly suppressing p21 transcription in TP53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer. J Pathol 2018; 247:186-198. [PMID: 30350349 DOI: 10.1002/path.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify and understand the key factors and signalling pathways driving TNBC tumour progression, relapse, and treatment resistance. In this study, we report that gene copy numbers and expression levels of nuclear factor IB (NFIB), a recently identified oncogene in small cell lung cancer, are preferentially increased in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, increased levels of NFIB are significantly associated with high tumour grade, poor prognosis, and reduced chemotherapy response. Concurrent TP53 mutations and NFIB overexpression (z-scores > 0) were observed in 77.9% of TNBCs, in contrast to 28.5% in non-TNBCs. Depletion of NFIB in TP53-mutated TNBC cell lines promotes cell death, cell cycle arrest, and enhances sensitivity to docetaxel, a first-line chemotherapeutic drug in breast cancer treatment. Importantly, these alterations in growth properties were accompanied by induction of CDKN1A, the gene encoding p21, a downstream effector of p53. We show that NFIB directly interacts with the CDKN1A promoter in TNBC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of combined p21 and NFIB reverses the docetaxel-induced cell growth inhibition observed upon NFIB knockdown, indicating that NFIB's effect on chemotherapeutic drug response is mediated through p21. Our results indicate that NFIB is an important TNBC factor that drives tumour cell growth and drug resistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Thus, targeting NFIB in TP53-mutated TNBC may reverse oncogenic properties associated with mutant p53 by restoring p21 activity. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - The M Vo
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Monckton
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
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13
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Mahmoud AM. Cancer testis antigens as immunogenic and oncogenic targets in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:769-778. [PMID: 29926750 PMCID: PMC6462849 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently express tumor-associated antigens that can elicit immune responses to eradicate cancer. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor-associated antigens that might serve as ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their cancer-restricted expression and robust immunogenicity. Previous clinical studies reported that CTAs are associated with negative hormonal status, aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival. Furthermore, experimental studies have shown the ability of CTAs to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. They also demonstrated the implication of CTAs in promoting cancer cell growth, inhibiting apoptosis and inducing cancer cell invasion and migration. In the current review, we attempt to address the immunogenic and oncogenic potential of CTAs and their current utilization in therapeutic interventions for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
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14
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Pan J, Yu H, Guo Z, Liu Q, Ding M, Xu K, Mao L. Emerging role of sperm-associated antigen 9 in tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1212-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Jagadish N, Fatima R, Sharma A, Devi S, Suri V, Kumar V, Suri A. Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318773652. [PMID: 29745297 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318773652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SPAG9 is a novel tumor associated antigen, expressed in variety of malignancies. However, its role in ovarian cancer remains unexplored. SPAG9 expression was validated in ovarian cancer cells by real time PCR and Western blot. SPAG9 involvement in cell cycle, DNA damage, apoptosis, paclitaxel sensitivity and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated employing RNA interference approach. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis revealed SPAG9 expression in A10, SKOV-3 and Caov3 compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. SPAG9 ablation resulted in reduced cellular proliferation, colony forming ability and enhanced cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Effect of ablation of SPAG9 on cell cycle revealed S phase arrest and showed decreased expression of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E and increased expression of tumor suppressor p21. Ablation of SPAG9 also resulted in increased apoptosis with increased expression of various pro- apoptotic molecules including BAD, BID, PUMA, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8 and cytochrome C. Decreased expression of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of epithelial markers was found in SPAG9 ablated cells. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro assays which showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in increased paclitaxel sensitivity and caused enhanced cell death. In vivo ovarian cancer xenograft studies showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth. Present study revealed therapeutic potential of SPAG9 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rukhsar Fatima
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Devi
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vitusha Suri
- 2 Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Suri
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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