1
|
Hazazi A, AlShehah AA, Khan FR, Hakami MA, Almarshadi F, Abalkhail A, Nassar SA, Almasoudi HH, Ali AA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Kukreti N, Binshaya AS. From diagnosis to therapy: The transformative role of lncRNAs in eye cancer management. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155081. [PMID: 38211388 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The genomic era has brought about a transformative shift in our comprehension of cancer, unveiling the intricate molecular landscape underlying disease development. Eye cancers (ECs), encompassing diverse malignancies affecting ocular tissues, pose distinctive challenges in diagnosis and management. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), an emerging category of non-coding RNAs, are pivotal actors in the genomic intricacies of eye cancers. LncRNAs have garnered recognition for their multifaceted roles in gene expression regulation and influence on many cellular processes. Many studies support that the lncRNAs have a role in developing various cancers. Recent investigations have pinpointed specific lncRNAs associated with ECs, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. These lncRNAs exert control over critical pathways governing tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, endowing them with the ability to function as evaluation, predictive, and therapeutic indicators. The article aims to synthesize the existing information concerning the functions of lncRNAs in ECs, elucidating their regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance. By delving into the lncRNAs' expanding relevance in the modulation of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive networks, we gain a deeper understanding of the molecular complexities intrinsic to these diseases. In our exploration of the genomic intricacies of ECs, lncRNAs introduce a fresh perspective, providing an opportunity to function as clinical and therapeutic indicators, and they also have therapeutic benefits that show promise for advancing the treatment of ECs. This comprehensive review bridges the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and ECs within the context of the genomic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almarshadi
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somia A Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Abdulkarim S Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Lin Z, Tang X, Tong Z, Ji Y, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Yang J, Li Z, Liu T. Ferroptosis-related gene HIC1 in the prediction of the prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy with immunological activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182030. [PMID: 37388742 PMCID: PMC10300279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermethylated in Cancer 1 (HIC1) was originally confirmed as a tumor suppressor and has been found to be hypermethylated in human cancers. Although growing evidence has supported the critical roles of HIC1 in cancer initiation and development, its roles in tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy are still unclear, and no comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of HIC1 has been conducted. Methods HIC1 expression in pan-cancer, and differential HIC1 expression between tumor and normal samples were investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to validate HIC1 expression in different cancers by our clinical cohorts, including lung cancer, sarcoma (SARC), breast cancer, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The prognostic value of HIC1 was illustrated by Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate Cox analysis, followed by the genetic alteration analysis of HIC1 in pan-cancer. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to illustrate the signaling pathways and biological functions of HIC1. The correlations between HIC1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and the immunotherapy efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Drug sensitivity analysis of HIC1 was performed by extracting data from the CellMiner™ database. Results HIC1 expression was abnormally expressed in most cancers, and remarkable associations between HIC1 expression and prognostic outcomes of patients in pan-cancer were detected. HIC1 was significantly correlated with T cells, macrophages, and mast cell infiltration in different cancers. Moreover, GSEA revealed that HIC1 was significantly involved in immune-related biological functions and signaling pathways. There was a close relationship of HIC1 with TMB and MSI in different cancers. Furthermore, the most exciting finding was that HIC1 expression was significantly correlated with the response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer treatment. We also found that HIC1 was significantly correlated with the sensitivity of several anti-cancer drugs, such as axitinib, batracylin, and nelarabine. Finally, our clinical cohorts further validated the expression pattern of HIC1 in cancers. Conclusions Our investigation provided an integrative understanding of the clinicopathological significance and functional roles of HIC1 in pan-cancer. Our findings suggested that HIC1 can function as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and drug sensitivity with immunological activity in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianzhe Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyi Tong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziting Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barbagallo C, Stella M, Broggi G, Russo A, Caltabiano R, Ragusa M. Genetics and RNA Regulation of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:775. [PMID: 36765733 PMCID: PMC9913768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor and the most frequent melanoma not affecting the skin. While the rate of UM occurrence is relatively low, about 50% of patients develop metastasis, primarily to the liver, with lethal outcome despite medical treatment. Notwithstanding that UM etiopathogenesis is still under investigation, a set of known mutations and chromosomal aberrations are associated with its pathogenesis and have a relevant prognostic value. The most frequently mutated genes are BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ, and SF3B1, with mutually exclusive mutations occurring in GNAQ and GNA11, and almost mutually exclusive ones in BAP1 and SF3B1, and BAP1 and EIF1AX. Among chromosomal aberrations, monosomy of chromosome 3 is the most frequent, followed by gain of chromosome 8q, and full or partial loss of chromosomes 1 and 6. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have also been investigated. Several papers investigating the role of ncRNAs in UM have reported that their dysregulated expression affects cancer-related processes in both in vitro and in vivo models. This review will summarize current findings about genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and ncRNA dysregulation establishing UM biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Stella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia—Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia—Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hristova DM, Fukumoto T, Takemori C, Gao L, Hua X, Wang JX, Li L, Beqiri M, Watters A, Vultur A, Gimie Y, Rebecca V, Samarkina A, Jimbo H, Nishigori C, Zhang J, Cheng C, Wei Z, Somasundaram R, Fukunaga-Kalabis M, Herlyn M. NUMB as a Therapeutic Target for Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1882-1892.e5. [PMID: 34883044 PMCID: PMC9704357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The upregulation of the adaptor protein NUMB triggers melanocytic differentiation from multipotent skin stem cells, which share many properties with aggressive melanoma cells. Although NUMB acts as a tumor suppressor in various human cancer types, little is known about its role in melanoma. In this study, we investigated the role of NUMB in melanoma progression and its regulatory mechanism. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma datasets revealed that high NUMB expression in melanoma tissues correlates with improved patient survival. Moreover, NUMB expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma cells. NUMB knockdown significantly increased the invasion potential of melanoma cells in a three-dimensional collagen matrix in vitro and in the lungs of a mouse model in vivo; it also significantly upregulated the expression of the NOTCH target gene CCNE. Previous studies suggested that Wnt signaling increases NUMB expression. By mimicking Wnt stimulation through glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition, we increased NUMB expression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor reduced the invasion of melanoma cells in a NUMB-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that NUMB suppresses invasion and metastasis in melanoma, potentially through its regulation of the NOTCH‒CCNE axis and that the inhibitors that upregulate NUMB can exert therapeutic effects in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Takemori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Le Gao
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xia Hua
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua X Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Li
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Adina Vultur
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yusra Gimie
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vito Rebecca
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Haruki Jimbo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chaoran Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai P, Jia R, Li Y, Zhou C, Gu X, Yang L, Shi H, Tian H, Lin H, Yu J, Zhuang A, Ge S, Jia R, Fan X. Regulation of epigenetic homeostasis in uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101030. [PMID: 34861419 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB), which cause blindness and even death, are the most frequently observed primary intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. Epigenetic studies have shown that changes in the epigenome contribute to the rapid progression of both UM and RB following classic genetic changes. The loss of epigenetic homeostasis plays an important role in oncogenesis by disrupting the normal patterns of gene expression. The targetable nature of epigenetic modifications provides a unique opportunity to optimize treatment paradigms and establish new therapeutic options for both UM and RB with these aberrant epigenetic modifications. We aimed to review the research findings regarding relevant epigenetic changes in UM and RB. Herein, we 1) summarize the literature, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA modifications, noncoding RNAs and an abnormal chromosomal architecture; 2) elaborate on the regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in biological processes during tumorigenesis; and 3) propose promising therapeutic candidates for epigenetic targets and update the list of epigenetic drugs for the treatment of UM and RB. In summary, we endeavour to depict the epigenetic landscape of primary intraocular malignancy tumorigenesis and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of these tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
miR-19a and miR-421 target PCA3 long non-coding RNA and restore PRUNE2 tumor suppressor activity in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:6803-6815. [PMID: 34839449 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is the most promising diagnostic biomarker for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer identified to date. As a dominant-negative oncogene, PCA3 negatively regulates the expression of tumor suppressor PRUNE2 (a human homolog of the Drosophila prune gene) gene. Although interaction between PCA3-PRUNE2 was clearly reported, the precise mechanism how PCA3 is upregulated in prostate cancer remained highly elusive. Accordingly, here we aimed demonstrate the role of microRNAs in PCA3 upregulation and interplay between these miRNAs and PCA3-PRUNE2 axis. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated expression of PCA3, PRUNE2 and miRNAs by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression and silencing of miRNAs were achieved by synthetic miRNA mimics and inhibitors, respectively. Colony formation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed to reveal the effects of miRNA modulation. We identified that PCA3 expression was significantly downregulated in both prostate cancer tissues and cells and inversely correlated with the expressions of miR-19a and miR-421. Restoring the functions of miR-19a and miR-421 by miRNA mimics significantly downregulated the expression of PCA3 and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle blockade and interfered with the proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells. Conversely, silencing the expressions of these miRNAs yielded the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results uncover a previously unrecognized novel mechanism on PCA3 upregulation in prostate cancer and proved that miR-19a and miR-421 might be responsible for the increased expression of PCA3, indicating that both miRNAs might be novel candidates for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Milán-Rois P, Quan A, Slack FJ, Somoza Á. The Role of LncRNAs in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164041. [PMID: 34439196 PMCID: PMC8392202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular cancer tumor with high metastatic risk. It is considered a rare disease, but 90% of affected patients die within 15 years. Non-coding elements (ncRNAs) such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a crucial role in cellular homeostasis maintenance, taking part in many critical cellular pathways. Their deregulation, therefore, contributes to the induction of cancer and neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. In cancer, lncRNAs are implicated in apoptosis evasion, proliferation, invasion, drug resistance, and other roles because they affect tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. For these reasons, lncRNAs are promising targets in personalized medicine and can be used as biomarkers for diseases including UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Milán-Rois
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Anan Quan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.Q.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.Q.); (F.J.S.)
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-299-8856
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Qu X. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in ocular diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108561. [PMID: 33812869 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and translational level, thus exerting various functions in biological and pathological processes involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and immune response. An increasing number of researches have unveiled that lncRNAs are dysregulated in pathogenesis and the development of different ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, cataract, retinal disease and ocular tumors. Also, it has been reported that lncRNAs may exert significant roles in various ocular diseases. Here, we summarized the functions of lncRNAs on relevant ocular diseases and further clarified their mechanisms. Here, several previous studies with detailed information of lncRNAs which have been proved to be the diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets were included. Also, it is our hope to provide a thorough knowledge of the functions of lncRNAs in eye diseases and the methods by which lncRNAs can influence ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohan Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Safa A, Gholipour M, Dinger ME, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. The critical roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104558. [PMID: 33096077 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) embrace a huge fraction of human transcripts and participate in the pathogenesis of human disorders especially malignant conditions. Malignant melanoma, as the most fatal type of cutaneous malignnacies, is associated with dysregulation of several lncRNAs including PVT1, H19, MALAT1, and CCAT1. Moreover, a portion of lncRNAs are exclusively expressed in melanoma cell lines. Expression levels of several lncRNAs are associated with TNM stage, tumor size and progression of melanoma. Thus, these lncRNAs are regarded as biomarkers for this malignancy. Peripheral transcript levels of a number of lncRNAs, such as PVT1, SNHG5 and SPRY4-IT1, could distinguish melanoma patients from unaffected persons with appropriate sensitivity and specificity values. Moreover, expression levels of numerous lncRNAs in tissue biopsies could differentiate malignant samples from benign samples. Based on the results of both cell line and in vivo studies, lncRNAs regulate critical pathways in the carcinogenesis of melanoma, such as the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways, and are involved in the modulation of response to chemotherapeutic agents. Here we review the existing information on the role of lncRNAs in malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102944. [PMID: 33053887 PMCID: PMC7600503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of uveal melanoma is a multifactorial and multi-step process, in which abnormal gene expression plays a key role. Recently, several studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of uveal melanoma by affecting different signaling pathways. As important agents in the regulation of genes, non-coding RNAs have enormous potential to open up therapeutic pathways, predict response to treatment, and anticipate patient outcome for uveal melanoma. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of what we know about ncRNAs in uveal melanoma currently. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adulthood. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which typically affects the liver and is usually fatal within one year. This type of cancer is heterogeneous in nature and is divided into two broad groups of tumors according to their susceptibility to develop metastasis. In the last decade, chromosomal abnormalities and the aberrant expression of several signaling pathways and oncogenes in uveal melanomas have been described. Recently, importance has been given to the association of the mentioned deregulation with the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs—such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and their contribution to the development of UM. Special attention is given to miRNAs and their regulatory role in physiopathology and their potential as biomarkers. As important agents in gene regulation, ncRNAs have a huge potential for opening up therapeutic pathways, predicting response to treatment, and anticipating patient outcome for UM.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiang J, Chen Q, Kang L, Zhang G, Wang Y, Qin B, Wu J, Zhou T, Han Y, Guan H. LncRNA PLCD3-OT1 Functions as a CeRNA to Prevent Age-Related Cataract by Sponging miR-224-5p and Regulating PLCD3 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:4670-4680. [PMID: 31725166 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzhao Han
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Lin W, Yu M. Downregulation of the expression of the lncRNA MIAT inhibits melanoma migration and invasion through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:203-211. [PMID: 30614798 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA MIAT expression is related to the development of some diseases. However, the role of MIAT in melanoma was has seldom been studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the lncRNA MIAT on melanoma cells. METHOD Microarray was used to analyze the lncRNAs expression in tissue samples. The expression of the lncRNA MIAT was detected by qRT-PCR. A CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability, and cell counting was used to analyze cell proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities, respectively, of melanoma cells. Western blotting was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of MIAT in melanoma. RESULTS The lncRNA MIAT was overexpressed in melanoma. The overexpression of MIAT promoted cell proliferation, cell invasion and migration, while the knockdown of MIAT expression got the opposite results. MIAT significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT and promoted cMyc and cyclin D1 protein expression. CONCLUSION LncRNA MIAT was a key factor to promote cell invasion, migration and proliferation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings may give us a potential way to treat melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Zongduan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Dong Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Lv J, Sun J, Li M, Wang M, Zhao Z, Wang J, Xu W. Long non-coding RNAs in ocular diseases: new and potential therapeutic targets. FEBS J 2019; 286:2261-2272. [PMID: 30927500 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts containing more than 200 nucleotides. In the past, lncRNAs were considered as 'transcript noise' or 'pseudogenes' and were thus ignored. However, in recent years, lncRNAs have been proven to regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and translational level, and thereby influence cell proliferation, apoptosis, viability, immune response and oxidative stress. Furthermore, increasing evidence points to their involvement in different diseases, including cancer and heart diseases. Recently, lncRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed in ocular tissues and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ophthalmological disorders such as glaucoma, corneal diseases, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and ocular tumors. In this review, we summarize the classification and mechanisms of known lncRNAs, while detailing their biological functions and roles in ocular diseases. Moreover, we provide a concise review of the clinical relevance of lncRNAs as novel, potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- The Clinical Laboratory of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Jingguo Sun
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu H, Gong J, Liu H. High expression of lncRNA PVT1 independently predicts poor overall survival in patients with primary uveal melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189675. [PMID: 29244840 PMCID: PMC5731763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene (PVT1) plays an oncogenic role in the initiation and progression of multiple cancers. In this study, by using deep-sequencing data and follow-up data in the Cancer Genome Atlas-Uveal melanomas (TCGA-UVM), we assessed the association between the expression of PVT1 and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with uveal melanoma, the mechanism of its dysregulation and its prognostic value. Results showed that high PVT1 expression group had a higher proportion of epithelioid cell dominant disease (a more malignant histological subtype than spindle cell dominant disease) and more cases of extrascleral extension (a risk factor for metastasis) compared with the low PVT1 expression group. 61 out of 80 cases (76.3%) of primary uveal melanoma had PVT1 amplification in TCGA-UVM. In addition, PVT1 expression was strongly and negatively correlated with its methylation status (Pearson's r = -0.712, Spearman's r = -0.806). By performing univariate and multivariate analysis, we found that high PVT1 expression was an independent predictor of poor OS in patients with uveal melanoma (HR: 12.015, 95%CI: 1.854-77.876, p = 0.009). Based on these findings, we infer that PVT1 expression is modulated by both DNA amplification and methylation and its expression might serve as a valuable and specific prognostic biomarker in terms of OS in uveal melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu B, Ma R, Ren H, Qian J. Genome-Wide Analysis of Uveal Melanoma Metastasis-Associated LncRNAs and Their Functional Network. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 37:99-108. [PMID: 29240458 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Up to 50% of primary UM cases will develop distant metastasis, but no effective therapies are currently available. The present study aimed to characterize the expression profile of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and screen the potential metastasis-associated lncRNAs in UM. A genome-wide analysis of the transcriptome was performed on 11 primary UM tissues (6 metastasized and 5 nonmetastasized) through RNA sequencing. A total of 40,878 lncRNAs were detected in UM, 4,983 of which were novel candidates. We identified 329 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 802 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) by comparing the transcriptome profile between metastasized and nonmetastasized UM group. The DEL-DEM coexpression network revealed that the RP11-551L14.4, TCONS_00004101, and TCONS_00004845 DELs had the highest connectivity with the DEMs, coexpressed with 225, 28, and 10 DEMs, respectively, whereas the SPOCD1, PEA15, and SLC44A3 DEMs were most closely connected with the DELs, and were coexpressed with 89, 27, and 22 DELs, respectively. Moreover, 17 and 743 DEMs were targeted by the DELs through cis- or trans-action, respectively. These targeted DEMs were significantly enriched in D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and enriched in bradykinin receptor activity and haptoglobin binding of gene ontology biological processes. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the sequencing data. These findings have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of UM metastasis and paved the way for further investigations regarding lncRNA in UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Jia R, Ge S. Role of Epigenetics in Uveal Melanoma. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:426-433. [PMID: 28529451 PMCID: PMC5436563 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a severe human malignancy with a high mortality rate that demands continued research into new and alternative forms of prevention and treatment. The emerging field of epigenetics is beginning to unfold an era of contemporary approaches to reducing the risk and improving the clinical treatment of UM. Epigenetic changes have a high prevalence rate in cancer, are reversible in nature, and can lead to cancer characteristics even in mutation-free cells. The information contained in this review highlights and expands on the main mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation in UM tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis, including microRNA expression, hypermethylation of genes and histone modification. Epigenetic drugs have been shown to enhance tumor suppressor gene expression and drug sensitivity in many other cancer cell lines and animal models. An increased understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in UM will be invaluable in the design of more potent epigenetic drugs, which when used in combination with traditional therapies, may permit improved therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renbing Jia
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Shengfang Ge or Renbing Jia. or
| | - Shengfang Ge
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Shengfang Ge or Renbing Jia. or
| |
Collapse
|