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Ji X, Xu Z, Liu D, Chen Y. Effects of exercise training on neurological recovery, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, and Nogo-NgR signaling pathways after spinal cord injury in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100236. [PMID: 37515927 PMCID: PMC10407281 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of exercise training on neurological recovery, Growth Transforming Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Nogo-NgR signaling pathways after spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, sham-operated group, model group, and training group. The rat spinal cord injury model was established using Allen's method, and the training group received exercise training on the 8th day postoperatively. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score, modified Tarlow score, and inclined plane test scores were compared in each group before injury and 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injury. RESULTS The BBB score and modified Tarlow score of the model group and the training group were 0 at the first day after the injury, and gradually increased on the seventh day onwards (p < 0.05). The BBB score and modified Tarlow score of the training group were higher than those of the model group at the 14th, 21st and 28th day (p < 0.05). The angles of the inclined plate at multiple time points after injury were lower in the model group and the training group than in the normal group and the sham-operated group (p < 0.05); The angles of the inclined plate at the 14th, 21st and 28th day after injury were higher in the training group than in the model group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The mechanism of exercise training may be connected to the inhibition of the Nogo-NgR signaling pathway to promote neuronal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Ji
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhaowan Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yangwang Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China.
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Saeed Y. Title: Immunotherapy; a ground-breaking remedy for spinal cord injury with stumbling blocks: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110008. [PMID: 36778022 PMCID: PMC9909832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder with no known standard and effective treatment. Despite its ability to exacerbate SCI sequel by accelerating auto-reactive immune cells, an immune response is also considered essential to the healing process. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting spinal cord injuries may benefit from the dual nature of immune responses. An increasing body of research suggests that immunization against myelin inhibitors can promote axon remyelination after SCI. However, despite advancements in our understanding of neuroimmune responses, immunoregulation-based therapeutic strategies have yet to receive widespread acceptance. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to enhance the understanding of immune regulation to ensure the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments. The objective of the present study was to provide an overview of previous studies regarding the advantages and limitations of immunotherapeutic strategies for functional recovery after spinal cord injury, especially in light of limiting factors related to DNA and cell-based vaccination strategies by providing a novel prospect to lay the foundation for future studies that will help devise a safe and effective treatment for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Saeed
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Guangdong, 288 University Ave. Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, China
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Involvement of Paired Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B in Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Through Modulation of Axon Outgrowth and Dendritic Remodeling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2563-2579. [PMID: 35091963 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic patients have high risk of developing cognitive dysfunction, in which neural structural plasticity has played a pivotal role. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), a receptor mainly expressed in neurons, acts as a critical inhibitor of neurite outgrowth and neural plasticity. However, the role of PirB in type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. In this study, learning and memory impairment was observed in 24-week-old db/db mice by performing Morris water maze task, and the number of synapses along with the length of postsynaptic density by transmission electron microscopy were reduced in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Furthermore, PirB expression in the hippocampus of db/db mice was significantly upregulated using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. In cultured hippocampal neurons, high glucose treatment reduced the length of the longest neurite as well as axon initial segment (AIS), whereas silencing PirB expression rescued high glucose-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition, but not AIS. Additionally, cognitive deficits, dendrite morphology defects, and synapse-related proteins loss in db/db mice were alleviated when PirB knockdown was performed by adeno-associated virus injection. In conclusion, PirB is involved in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction through modulation of axon outgrowth and dendritic remodeling, providing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Polla Ravi S, Shamiya Y, Chakraborty A, Elias C, Paul A. Biomaterials, biological molecules, and polymers in developing vaccines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:813-828. [PMID: 34454774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been used to train the immune system to recognize pathogens, and prevent and treat diseases, such as cancer, for decades. However, there are continuing challenges in their manufacturing, large-scale production, and storage. Some of them also show suboptimal immunogenicity, requiring additional adjuvants and booster doses. As an alternate vaccination strategy, a new class of biomimetic materials with unique functionalities has emerged in recent years. Here, we explore the current bioengineering techniques that make use of hydrogels, modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, virus-like particles (VLPs), and nucleic acids to deliver and develop biomaterial-based vaccines. We also review design principles and key regulatory issues associated with their development. Finally, we critically assess their limitations, explore approaches to overcome these limitations, and discuss potential future applications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Polla Ravi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Shamiya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Aishik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Cynthia Elias
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Biologics Manufacturing Centre, The National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Zhang N, Cui Y, Li Y, Mi Y. A Novel Role of Nogo Proteins: Regulating Macrophages in Inflammatory Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2439-2448. [PMID: 34224050 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nogo proteins, also known as Reticulon-4, have been identified as myelin-derived inhibitors of neurite outgrowth in the central nervous system (CNS). There are three Nogo variants, Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C. Recent studies have shown that Nogo-A/B is abundant in macrophages and may have a wider effect on inflammation. In this review, we focus mainly on the possible roles of Nogo-A/B on polarization and recruitment of macrophages and their involvement in a variety of inflammatory diseases. We then discuss the Nogo receptor1 (NgR1), a common receptor for Nogo proteins that is also abundant in microglia/macrophage in the CNS. Interaction of Nogo and NgR1 in microglia/macrophage may affect the adhesion and polarization of macrophages that are involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Overall, this review provides insights into the roles of Nogo proteins in regulating macrophage functions and suggests that, potentially, Nogo proteins maybe a new target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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Li F, Liu H, Zhang K, Xiao DJ, Wang C, Wang YS. Adipose-derived stromal cells improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury through TGF-β1/Smad3/PLOD2 pathway activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4370-4387. [PMID: 33495412 PMCID: PMC7906172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improves functional recovery in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Activation of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2), a collagen-modifying enzyme, reportedly follows MSC transplantation in an SCI animal model. We investigated the regulation of PLOD2 expression and its potential contribution to the neuroprotective effects of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) following mechanical injury to neurons in vitro and SCI in vivo. ADSCs enhanced wound healing in vitro and promoted functional recovery after their implantation near injury sites in a rat SCI model. These effects correlated with upregulation of PLOD2, MAP2, NSE and GAP43, and downregulation of GFAP, which is indicative of improved neuronal survival and axonal regeneration as well as reduced glial scar formation. The neurorestorative effect of ADSCs was weakened after inhibition of PLOD2 expression. ADSCs appeared to induce PLOD2 upregulation via TGF-β1 secretion, as ADSC-mediated PLOD2 expression, neuronal survival, and functional recovery after SCI were largely prevented by SB431542, a TGF-(1 receptor inhibitor. These findings indicate that ADSCs reduce lesion size and promote functional recovery after SCI mainly through activation of a TGF-β1/P-Samd3/PLOD2 pathway in spinal cord neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Dong-Jie Xiao
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Shandong Research Center of Transplantation and Tissue, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China.,Jinan Dien Forensic Judical Appraisal Institute, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China.,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
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