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Fu GQ, Wang YY, Xu YM, Bian MM, Zhang L, Yan HZ, Gao JX, Li JL, Chen YQ, Zhang N, Ding SQ, Wang R, Li JY, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Exosomes derived from vMIP-II-Lamp2b gene-modified M2 cells provide neuroprotection by targeting the injured spinal cord, inhibiting chemokine signals and modulating microglia/macrophage polarization in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114784. [PMID: 38642665 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the key injury factors for spinal cord injury (SCI). Exosomes (Exos) derived from M2 macrophages have been shown to inhibit inflammation and be beneficial in SCI animal models. However, lacking targetability restricts their application prospects. Considering that chemokine receptors increase dramatically after SCI, viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) is a broad-spectrum chemokine receptor binding peptide, and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2b (Lamp2b) is the key membrane component of Exos, we speculated that vMIP-II-Lamp2b gene-modified M2 macrophage-derived Exos (vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo) not only have anti-inflammatory properties, but also can target the injured area by vMIP-II. In this study, using a murine contusive SCI model, we revealed that vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo could target the chemokine receptors which highly expressed in the injured spinal cords, inhibit some key chemokine receptor signaling pathways (such as MAPK and Akt), further inhibit proinflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, and iNOS), and promote anti-inflammatory factors (such as IL-4 and Arg1) productions, and the transformation of microglia/macrophages from M1 into M2. Moreover, the improved histological and functional recoveries were also found. Collectively, our results suggest that vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo may provide neuroprotection by targeting the injured spinal cord, inhibiting some chemokine signals, reducing proinflammatory factor production and modulating microglia/macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qiang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yao-Mei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Bian
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Hua-Zheng Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Xiong Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing-Lu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China.
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China.
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Smith PR, Campbell ZT. RNA-binding proteins in pain. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1843. [PMID: 38576117 PMCID: PMC11003723 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
RNAs are meticulously controlled by proteins. Through direct and indirect associations, every facet in the brief life of an mRNA is subject to regulation. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) permeate biology. Here, we focus on their roles in pain. Chronic pain is among the largest challenges facing medicine and requires new strategies. Mounting pharmacologic and genetic evidence obtained in pre-clinical models suggests fundamental roles for a broad array of RBPs. We describe their diverse roles that span RNA modification, splicing, stability, translation, and decay. Finally, we highlight opportunities to expand our understanding of regulatory interactions that contribute to pain signaling. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Regulation RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Smith
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Zachary T. Campbell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
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Zhang J, Xu J, Li S, Chen W, Wu Y. Electroacupuncture Relieves HuR/KLF9-Mediated Inflammation to Enhance Neurological Repair after Spinal Cord Injury. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0190-23.2023. [PMID: 37940560 PMCID: PMC10668228 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0190-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely applied in clinical therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the associated molecular mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of EA in neurologic repair after SCI. First, we investigated the role of EA in the neurologic repair of the SCI rat model. The expression levels of human antigen R (HuR) and Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) in spinal cord tissues were quantified after treatment. Second, we conducted bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter gene assay to verify the binding of HuR and KLF9 mRNA for mRNA stability. Last, HuR inhibitor CMLD-2 was used to verify the enhanced effect of EA on neurologic repair after SCI via the HuR/KLF9 axis. Our data provided convincing evidence that EA facilitated the recovery of neuronal function in SCI rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammation of neurons. We found that EA significantly diminished the SCI-mediated upregulation of HuR, and HuR could bind to the 3' untranslated region of KLF9 mRNA to protect its decay. In addition, a series of in vivo experiments confirmed that CMLD-2 administration increased EA-mediated pain thresholds and motor function in SCI rats. Collectively, the present study showed that EA improved pain thresholds and motor function in SCI rats via impairment of HuR-mediated KLF9 mRNA stabilization, thus providing a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms regarding EA-mediated neurologic repair after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Xu
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaochi Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Guha A, Husain MA, Si Y, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Promer G, Smith R, King PH. RNA regulation of inflammatory responses in glia and its potential as a therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Glia 2023; 71:485-508. [PMID: 36380708 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia and astrocytes with the induction of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6. Neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression in a plethora of neurological disorders ranging from acute CNS trauma to chronic neurodegenerative disease. Posttranscriptional pathways of mRNA stability and translational efficiency are major drivers for the expression of these inflammatory mediators. A common element in this level of regulation centers around the adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE) which is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators. (ARE)-binding proteins (AUBPs) such as Human antigen R (HuR), Tristetraprolin (TTP) and KH- type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) are key nodes for directing these posttranscriptional pathways and either promote (HuR) or suppress (TTP and KSRP) glial production of inflammatory mediators. This review will discuss basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and its impact on glial-driven neuroinflammatory diseases. We will discuss strategies to target this novel level of gene regulation for therapeutic effect and review exciting preliminary studies that underscore its potential for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Grace Promer
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reed Smith
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Department of Veterans Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Kunder N, de la Peña JB, Lou TF, Chase R, Suresh P, Lawson J, Shukla T, Black B, Campbell ZT. The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Is Integral to the Function of Nociceptors in Mice and Humans. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9129-9141. [PMID: 36270801 PMCID: PMC9761683 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1630-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in RNA processing, stability, and translation. Previously, we examined protein synthesis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons treated with inflammatory mediators using ribosome profiling. We found that the HuR consensus binding element was enriched in transcripts with elevated translation. HuR is expressed in the soma of nociceptors and their axons. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR with the small molecule CMLD-2 reduced the activity of mouse and human sensory neurons. Peripheral administration of CMLD-2 in the paw or genetic elimination of HuR from sensory neurons diminished behavioral responses associated with NGF- and IL-6-induced allodynia in male and female mice. Genetic disruption of HuR altered the proximity of mRNA decay factors near a key neurotrophic factor (TrkA). Collectively, the data suggest that HuR is required for local control of mRNA stability and reveals a new biological function for a broadly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory factor.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nociceptors undergo long-lived changes in excitability, which may contribute to chronic pain. Noxious cues that promote pain lead to rapid induction of protein synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that confer specificity to mRNA control in nociceptors are unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RNA-binding protein called HuR as a key regulatory factor in sensory neurons. Using a combination of genetics and pharmacology, we demonstrate that HuR is required for signaling in nociceptors. In doing so, we report an important mechanism of mRNA control in sensory neurons that ensures appropriate nociceptive responses to inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Kunder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Prarthana Suresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Jennifer Lawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Tarjani Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Bryan Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
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