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El-Gazar AA, El-Emam SZ, M El-Sayyad S, El-Mancy SS, Fayez SM, Sheta NM, Al-Mokaddem AK, Ragab GM. Pegylated polymeric micelles of boswellic acid-selenium mitigates repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: Regulation of miR-155 and miR-146a/BDNF/ Klotho/Foxo3a cue. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112118. [PMID: 38705029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the protective machinery of pegylated polymeric micelles of boswellic acid-selenium (PMBS) against secondary neuronal damage triggered by mild repetitive traumatic brain injury (RTBI). After PMBS characterization in terms of particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, and transmission electronic microscopy, the selected formula was used to investigate its potency against experimental RTBI. Five groups of rats were used; group 1 (control) and the other four groups were subjected to RTBI. Groups 2 was RTBI positive control, while 3, 4, and 5 received boswellic acid (BSA), selenium (SEL), and PMBS, respectively. The open-field behavioral test was used for behavioral assessment. Subsequently, brain tissues were utilized for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, Western blotting, and ELISA in addition to evaluating microRNA expression (miR-155 and miR-146a). The behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation triggered by RTBI were all improved by PMBS. Moreover, PMBS mitigated excessive glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and the dysregulation in miR-155 and miR-146a expression. Besides, connexin43 (Cx43) expression as well as klotho and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were upregulated with diminished neuronal cell death and apoptosis because of reduced Forkhead Box class O3a(Foxo3a) expression in the PMBS-treated group. The current study has provided evidence of the benefits produced by incorporating BSA and SEL in PEGylated polymeric micelles formula. PMBS is a promising therapy for RTBI. Its beneficial effects are attributed to the manipulation of many pathways, including the regulation of miR-155 and miR-146a expression, as well as the BDNF /Klotho/Foxo3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A El-Gazar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Soad Z El-Emam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shorouk M El-Sayyad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shereen S El-Mancy
- Pharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Fayez
- Pharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermin M Sheta
- Pharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Ragab
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt
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2
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Podell JE, Morris NA. Traumatic Brain Injury and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:721-756. [PMID: 38830069 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the mechanisms of primary traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord, with an emphasis on grading severity, identifying surgical indications, anticipating complications, and managing secondary injury. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Serum biomarkers have emerged for clinical decision making and prognosis after traumatic injury. Cortical spreading depolarization has been identified as a potentially modifiable mechanism of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury. Innovative methods to detect covert consciousness may inform prognosis and enrich future studies of coma recovery. The time-sensitive nature of spinal decompression is being elucidated. ESSENTIAL POINTS Proven management strategies for patients with severe neurotrauma in the intensive care unit include surgical decompression when appropriate, the optimization of perfusion, and the anticipation and treatment of complications. Despite validated models, predicting outcomes after traumatic brain injury remains challenging, requiring prognostic humility and a model of shared decision making with surrogate decision makers to establish care goals. Penetrating injuries, especially gunshot wounds, are often devastating and require public health and policy approaches that target prevention.
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3
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Yang Y, Lu D, Wang M, Liu G, Feng Y, Ren Y, Sun X, Chen Z, Wang Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38378666 PMCID: PMC10879178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common trauma with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. However, the current management of this disease is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in depth to improve the treatment options. In recent decades, abundant evidence has highlighted the significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in advancing central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including TBI. ERS following TBI leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three major pathways of UPR initiation that determine whether a cell survives or dies. This review focuses on the dual effects of ERS on TBI and discusses the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that ERS may crosstalk with a series of molecular cascade responses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and cell death, and is thus involved in the progression of secondary injury after TBI. Hence, ERS is a promising candidate for the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yubo Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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4
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Ding R, Cheng J, Wei S, Qin X, Liu Y, Li H, Xie T, Chai H, Chen Z. Sequential transcriptomic alterations in the cerebral cortex of mice after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Proteomics 2024; 291:105035. [PMID: 37918797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the expression alterations of specific genes that occur after venous stroke, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sham and damaged cortical tissues at 2 and 7 days after induction of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) model. The profiles of DEGs were analyzed using GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI, and the crucial gene was further verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. We found 969 and 883 DEGs at 2 and 7 days after CVST, respectively. A marked increase in biological-process categories, such as immune system process and inflammatory response, and a decrease in neuropeptide signaling pathway were observed both at 2 and 7 days post-CVST. The KEGG pathway was enriched to varying degrees on complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and multiple immune-inflammatory signaling pathways at 2 and 7 days post-CVST, separately. Furthermore, GSEA highlights the potential roles of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction in CVST. Importantly, numerous genes related to KEGG pathways above featured prominently in the PPI network analysis, with IL1b being one of the most conspicuous. These time-dependent alterations in gene profiles and enrichment pathways reveal the unique pathophysiological characteristics of CVST and indicate novel therapeutic targets for venous stroke. SIGNIFICANCE: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an underrated and potentially fatal cause of stroke with a reported mortality of 5-10% worldwide. Currently, in addition to anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy, effective treatments targeting the injured brain parenchyma after CVST remain limited. Besides, accurate diagnostic markers are still sorely lacking. In the present study, we will detect the transcriptomic alterations of the cerebral cortex of mice post-CVST by RNA-sequencing, screen differentially expressed genes and abnormal pathways through bioinformatics methods, analyze the correlation of these signals and CVST pathology, and finally validate the key molecules through western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Collectively, the study aimed to offer a reference for the discovery of specific genes/pathway alterations in the damaged cortical tissues of CVST mice and further reveal the underlying pathogenesis, thereby providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CVST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei 431600, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Coppola L, Smaldone G, Grimaldi AM, Estraneo A, Magliacano A, Soddu A, Ciccarelli G, Salvatore M, Cavaliere C. Peripheral blood BDNF and soluble CAM proteins as possible markers of prolonged disorders of consciousness: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 38172270 PMCID: PMC10764320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although clinical examination still represents the gold standard for the differential diagnosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC), the introduction of innovative markers is essential for diagnosis and prognosis, due to the problem of covert cognition. We evaluated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein (BDNF) and the soluble cell adhesion molecules proteins (CAMs) in a cohort of prolonged disorders of consciousness patients to identify a possible application in the clinical context. Furthermore, peripheral blood determinations were correlated with imaging parameters such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cranial standardized uptake value (cSUV), electroencephalography (EEG) data and clinical setting. Our results, although preliminary, identify BDNF as a possible blood marker for the diagnosis of pDoC (p value 0.001), the soluble CAMs proteins CD44, Vcam-1, E-selectin (p value < 0.01) and Icam-3 (p value < 0.05) showed a higher peripheral blood value in pDoC compared with control. Finally, soluble Ncam protein could find useful applications in the clinical evolution of the pDoC, showing high levels in the MCS and EMCS subgroups (p value < 0. 001) compared to VS/UWS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Estraneo
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - A Magliacano
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - A Soddu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Institute of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Calaprice-Whitty D, Tang A, Tona J. Factors Associated with Symptom Persistence in PANS: Part II-Presenting Features, Medical Comorbidities, and IVIG Treatment History. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:365-377. [PMID: 37902971 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Individuals with Pediatric Acute Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) experience neuropsychiatric symptoms following an infection or other trigger. Although PANS is typically described as relapsing-remitting, a large community-based 2017 study revealed a range of courses. The present study examined clinical predictors of symptom persistence, measured as % days symptom-free, in this same sample. Methods: A 146-question online survey gathered histories (infections and other triggers, medical and developmental comorbidities), symptomatology, interventions, and outcomes (including school functioning) of PANS patients. Multivariate analyses were applied to examine associations between these variables and % days symptom-free across the disease course. Results: Among the 646 subjects included, significant relationships were found between greater symptom persistence and higher rates of medical comorbidities (especially rashes, headaches, chronic sinusitis, frequent diarrhea, and immune deficiencies), developmental diagnoses, and respondent-perceived developmental lags. Subjects with greater symptom persistence were significantly more likely to report PANS exacerbations associated with infections in close contacts, vaccinations, environmental triggers, and exacerbations of comorbidities and were more likely to report PANS recurrences triggered by Epstein Barr Virus, mycoplasma, and sinus infections. More persistent PANS was also associated with significantly higher frequencies of certain symptoms (sleep disturbance, urinary incontinence, muscle pain, brain fog, sensory defensiveness, irritability, and aggression-related symptoms), less effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in combating symptoms, and more difficulty attending school. Conclusions: Our results suggest high symptom persistence in PANS to be associated with more pervasive medical and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Differences in symptom persistence are associated with both intrinsic (e.g., immune competence) and extrinsic (e.g., infections, treatment) factors. Because extrinsic factors are potentially modifiable, it is critical that providers be aware of current guidelines on PANS evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Calaprice-Whitty
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Brain Inflammation Collaborative, Delafield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Angela Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Janice Tona
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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7
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Park JY, Park J, Baek J, Chang JW, Kim YG, Chang WS. Long-term results on the suppression of secondary brain injury by early administered low-dose baclofen in a traumatic brain injury mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18563. [PMID: 37903976 PMCID: PMC10616194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary injury from traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates cerebral damages through varied ways. Attenuating neuroinflammation, which is a key feature of TBI, is important for long-term prognosis of its patients. Baclofen, a muscle relaxant, has shown promise in reducing excessive inflammation in other neurologic disorders. However, its effectiveness in TBI remains ambiguous. Thus, our study aimed to investigate whether early administration of baclofen could elicit potential therapeutic effects by diminishing exaggerated neuroinflammation in TBI mice. In this study, 80 C57BL/6 mice were used, of which 69 mice received controlled cortical impact. The mice were divided into six groups (11-16 mice each). Baclofen, administered at dose of 0.05, 0.2 and 1 mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally a day after TBI for 3 consecutive weeks. 3 weeks after completing the treatments, the mice were assessed histologically. The results showed that mice treated with baclofen exhibited a significantly lower volume of lesion tissue than TBI mice with normal saline. Baclofen also reduced activated glial cells with neurotoxic immune molecules and inhibited apoptotic cells. Significant recovery was observed and sustained for 6 weeks at the 0.2 mg/kg dose in the modified neurological severity score. Furthermore, memory impairment was recovered with low-doses of baclofen in the Y-maze. Our findings demonstrate that early administration of low dose baclofen can regulate neuroinflammation, prevent cell death, and improve TBI motor and cognitive abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Mok 5-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lindblad C, Rostami E, Helmy A. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist as Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1508-1528. [PMID: 37610701 PMCID: PMC10684479 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a common type of acquired brain injury of varying severity carrying potentially deleterious consequences for the afflicted individuals, families, and society. Following the initial, traumatically induced insult, cellular injury processes ensue. These are believed to be amenable to treatment. Among such injuries, neuroinflammation has gained interest and has become a specific focus for both experimental and clinical researchers. Neuroinflammation is elicited almost immediately following trauma, and extend for a long time, possibly for years, after the primary injury. In the acute phase, the inflammatory response is characterized by innate mechanisms such as the activation of microglia which among else mediates cytokine production. Among the earliest cytokines to emerge are the interleukin- (IL-) 1 family members, comprising, for example, the agonist IL-1β and its competitive antagonist, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Because of its early emergence following trauma and its increased concentrations also after human TBI, IL-1 has been hypothesized to be a tractable treatment target following TBI. Ample experimental data supports this, and demonstrates restored neurological behavior, diminished lesion zones, and an attenuated inflammatory response following IL-1 modulation either through IL-1 knock-out experiments, IL-1β inhibition, or IL-1ra treatment. Of these, IL-1ra treatment is likely the most physiological. In addition, recombinant human IL-1ra (anakinra) is already approved for utilization across a few rheumatologic disorders. As of today, one randomized clinical controlled trial has utilized IL-1ra inhibition as an intervention and demonstrated its safety. Further clinical trials powered for patient outcome are needed in order to demonstrate efficacy. In this review, we summarize IL-1 biology in relation to acute neuroinflammatory processes following TBI with a particular focus on current evidence for IL-1ra treatment both in the experimental and clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, entrance 85 floor 2, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elham Rostami
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, entrance 85 floor 2, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Khan AR, Zehra S, Baranwal AK, Kumar D, Ali R, Javed S, Bhaisora K. Whole-Blood Metabolomics of a Rat Model of Repetitive Concussion. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:843-852. [PMID: 37801210 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repetitive mTBI (RmTBI) are silent epidemics, and so far, there is no objective diagnosis. The severity of the injury is solely based on the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) scale. Most patients suffer from one or more behavioral abnormalities, such as headache, amnesia, cognitive decline, disturbed sleep pattern, anxiety, depression, and vision abnormalities. Additionally, most neuroimaging modalities are insensitive to capture structural and functional alterations in the brain, leading to inefficient patient management. Metabolomics is one of the established omics technologies to identify metabolic alterations, mostly in biofluids. NMR-based metabolomics provides quantitative metabolic information with non-destructive and minimal sample preparation. We employed whole-blood NMR analysis to identify metabolic markers using a high-field NMR spectrometer (800 MHz). Our approach involves chemical-free sample pretreatment and minimal sample preparation to obtain a robust whole-blood metabolic profile from a rat model of concussion. A single head injury was given to the mTBI group, and three head injuries to the RmTBI group. We found significant alterations in blood metabolites in both mTBI and RmTBI groups compared with the control, such as alanine, branched amino acid (BAA), adenosine diphosphate/adenosine try phosphate (ADP/ATP), creatine, glucose, pyruvate, and glycerphosphocholine (GPC). Choline was significantly altered only in the mTBI group and formate in the RmTBI group compared with the control. These metabolites corroborate previous findings in clinical and preclinical cohorts. Comprehensive whole-blood metabolomics can provide a robust metabolic marker for more accurate diagnosis and treatment intervention for a disease population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India.
| | - Samiya Zehra
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
| | - Kamlesh Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, SGPGIMS, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
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10
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Ongay KK, Granato D, Barreto GE. Comparison of Antioxidant Capacity and Network Pharmacology of Phloretin and Phlorizin against Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030919. [PMID: 36770586 PMCID: PMC9919876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI)'s acute and chronic phases. Despite the medical and scientific advances in recent years, there is still no effective treatment that mitigates the oxidative and inflammatory damage that affects neurons and glial cells. Therefore, searching for compounds with a broader spectrum of action that can regulate various inflammatory signaling pathways is of clinical interest. In this study, we determined not only the in vitro antioxidant capacity of apple pomace phenolics, namely, phlorizin and its metabolite, phloretin, but we also hypothesize that the use of these bioactive molecules may have potential use in TBI. We explored the antioxidant effects of both compounds in vitro (DPPH, iron-reducing capacity (IRC), and Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCRC)), and using network pharmacology, we investigated the proteins involved in their protective effects in TBI. Our results showed that the antioxidant properties of phloretin were superior to those of phlorizin in the DPPH (12.95 vs. 3.52 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/L), FCRC (86.73 vs. 73.69 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L), and iron-reducing capacity (1.15 vs. 0.88 mg GAE/L) assays. Next, we examined the molecular signature of both compounds and found 11 proteins in common to be regulated by them and involved in TBI. Meta-analysis and GO functional enrichment demonstrated their implication in matrix metalloproteinases, p53 signaling, and cell secretion/transport. Using MCODE and Pearson's correlation analysis, a subcluster was generated. We identified ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha) as a critical cellular hub being regulated by both compounds and with potential therapeutic use in TBI. In conclusion, our study suggests that because of their vast antioxidant effects, probably acting on estrogen receptors, phloretin and phlorizin may be repurposed for TBI treatment due to their ease of obtaining and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Granato
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (G.E.B.); Tel.: +353-(0)-61-202676 (G.E.B)
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11
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Wu M, Chen K, Jiang M, Xie F, Cao X, Chen L, Chen Z, Yin X. High plasma complement C4 levels as a novel predictor of clinical outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1103278. [PMID: 36891553 PMCID: PMC9986541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The complement cascade is activated and contributes to the brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Complement component 4 (C4), an important component of complement cascade, has been associated with severity of neurological impairment that occurs during ICH. However, the correlation of plasma complement C4 levels with hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcome in ICH patients has not been reported. Materials and methods This study is a monocentric, real-world, cohort study. In this study, we measured the plasma complement C4 levels of 83 ICH patients and 78 healthy controls. The hematoma volume, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and the permeability surface (PS) were used to assess and quantify neurological deficit following ICH. Logistic regression analysis was configured to determine the independent relation of plasma complement C4 levels to hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcomes. The contribution of complement C4 to secondary brain injury (SBI) was assessed by changes in plasma C4 levels between admission and at day 7 after ICH. Results There was a significant elevation of plasma complement C4 levels in ICH patients than in healthy controls (40.48 ± 1.07 vs. 35.25 ± 0.60, p < 0.0001), and the plasma complement C4 levels were closely related to the hemorrhagic severity. Moreover, plasma complement C4 levels of patients were positively correlated with the hematoma volume (r = 0.501, p < 0.001), NIHSS score (r = 0.362, p < 0.001), the GCS score (r = -0.490, p < 0.001), and PS (r = 0.683, p = 0.045) following ICH. Logistic regression analysis also confirmed that patients with high plasma complement C4 levels show a poor clinical outcome after ICH (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the elevated plasma levels at day 7 after ICH indicated the correlation of complement C4 with SBI (p < 0.01). Conclusion Plasma complement C4 levels are significantly elevated in ICH patients and positively correlated with the illness severity. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of complement C4 in brain injury after ICH and provide a novel predictor of clinical outcome for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.,Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fusheng Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xianming Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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