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Chen S, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Shi H, Zhao T, Yang X, Li J, Li G, Wang J, Ying Z, Yang J. The impact of different IPV-OPV sequential immunization programs on hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine efficacy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2024063. [PMID: 35044877 PMCID: PMC8993082 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2024063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has gradually implemented a global shift in polio immunization programs. Few studies cover polio immunization program impacts on the efficacy of other vaccines. This study investigated whether polio immunization programs affected hepatitis A (HepA) and hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination efficacy. Serum samples were collected from 968 infants before the first dose of polio vaccine, 28 days after completing primary polio immunization, and at 24 months old. Infants were classified into six polio immunization program groups: 1sIPV+2bOPV, 2sIPV+1bOPV, 2sIPV+1tOPV, 1cIPV+2bOPV, 2cIPV+1bOPV, and 2cIPV+1tOPV (sIPV: Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine; cIPV: Salk inactivated poliovirus vaccine; b, bivalent; t, trivalent; OPV, oral polio vaccine). No significant differences existed in antibody titers against HepA virus (anti-HAV) among the polio immunization program groups at any of the three time points (pre-first dose [p = 0.412], 28 days after primary immunization [p = 0.676], 24 months old [p = 0.556]). Before the first dose (p = 0.178) and at age 24 months (p = 0.987), no significant differences existed in HepB surface antibody (HBsAb) titers between the six polio immunization program groups). Twenty-eight days after primary immunization, no significant difference existed in HBsAb titers between groups after Bonferroni correction. Following HepA and HepB immunization, anti-HAV and HBsAb positivity reached > 98% in all groups, reflecting effective immunization. Our data suggest that different polio immunization programs did not affect HepA and HepB vaccine efficacy; HepA and HepB vaccines maintained high effectiveness irrespective of polio immunization program. This trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov: NCT03614702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyuan Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Guoliang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Laboratory of respiratory virus vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Laboratory of respiratory virus vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
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Bhave S, Sapru A, Bavdekar A, Jain R, Debnath K, Kapatkar V. Long term Immunogenicity of Single Dose of Live Attenuated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Indian Children — Results of 15-Year Follow-up. Indian Pediatr 2021. [PMID: 33612491 PMCID: PMC8384096 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Bhave
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra. Correspondence to: Dr Sheila Bhave, Consultant in Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune 411 011, India.
| | - Amita Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Rishi Jain
- Department of Medical Affairs, Wockhardt Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Khokan Debnath
- Department of Medical Affairs, Wockhardt Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Vaibhavi Kapatkar
- Department of Medical Affairs, Wockhardt Limited, Mumbai; Maharashtra
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3
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Herzog C, Van Herck K, Van Damme P. Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects - a review of the evidence. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1496-1519. [PMID: 33325760 PMCID: PMC8078665 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1819742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections continue to represent a significant disease burden causing approximately 200 million infections, 30 million symptomatic illnesses and 30,000 deaths each year. Effective and safe hepatitis A vaccines have been available since the early 1990s. Initially developed for individual prophylaxis, HAV vaccines are now increasingly used to control hepatitis A in endemic areas. The human enteral HAV is eradicable in principle, however, HAV eradication is currently not being pursued. Inactivated HAV vaccines are safe and, after two doses, elicit seroprotection in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults for an estimated 30-40 years, if not lifelong, with no need for a later second booster. The long-term effects of the single-dose live-attenuated HAV vaccines are less well documented but available data suggest they are safe and provide long-lasting immunity and protection. A universal mass vaccination strategy (UMV) based on two doses of inactivated vaccine is commonly implemented in endemic countries and eliminates clinical hepatitis A disease in toddlers within a few years. Consequently, older age groups also benefit due to the herd protection effects. Single-dose UMV programs have shown promising outcomes but need to be monitored for many more years in order to document an effective immune memory persistence. In non-endemic countries, prevention efforts need to focus on 'new' risk groups, such as men having sex with men, prisoners, the homeless, and families visiting friends and relatives in endemic countries. This narrative review presents the current evidence regarding the immunological and epidemiological long-term effects of the hepatitis A vaccination and finally discusses emerging issues and areas for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Koen Van Herck
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Shah N, Faridi M, Mitra M, Bavdekar A, Karadkhele A, Puppalwar G, Jain R. Review of long term immunogenicity and tolerability of live hepatitis A vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2816-2821. [PMID: 32243237 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1741997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A represents one of the major public health problems worldwide including India. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis A infection. Two types of hepatitis A vaccines-live attenuated (H2 strain) and inactivated (killed) are available for use in clinical practice in India with former having advantage of a single-dose compared to two-dose killed vaccine. One of the important characteristic of an ideal vaccine includes its ability to provide life-long protection. In this article we reviewed the available long-term (≥10 years follow-up) published data on live attenuated hepatitis A (H2 strain) vaccine. The data from country of origin of the vaccine (China) and India establish the long-term immunogenicity, protection, and tolerability. Based on the results of several clinical trials showing long-term protection, single dose of live attenuated hepatitis vaccine can be widely used to protect high-risk population against hepatitis A virus infection and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shah
- Pediatrics Department, PD Hinduja Hospital , Mumbai, India
| | - Mma Faridi
- Pediatrics Department, ERA's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital , Lucknow, India
| | - Monjori Mitra
- Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health , Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Rishi Jain
- Medical Affairs Department, Wockhardt Ltd ., Mumbai, India
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Luo J, Wang X, Ma F, Kang G, Ding Z, Ye C, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Hong S, Chen J, Xi J, Wen S, Lin Y, Li X, Qiu L, Yang X, Li G, Yang J, Sun Q. Long-term immunogenicity and immune persistence of live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis a vaccines: a report on additional observations from a phase IV study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:1422-1427. [PMID: 30496870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both live attenuated (HA-L) and inactivated (HA-I) hepatitis A vaccine were licensed for routine use in China. Although phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical studies of both vaccines have been completed, further systematic evaluation of their immunogenicity and immunological persistence under phase 4 clinical studies in a wide range of conditions and involving large populations is necessary. A phase IV clinical trial (NCT02601040) was performed in 9000 participants over 18 months of age. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seroconversion rates (SRs) were compared at five time points during 3 years for 1800 individuals among them. The SRs of HA-L and HA-I were 98.08% (95% CI 95.59%-99.38%) and 99.64% (95% CI 98.93%-100.00%) respectively 28 days after administration of the first dose, and remained at 97.07% (95% CI 94.31%-98.73%) or above and 96.73% (95% CI 94.07%-98.42%) or above respectively during the following 3 years. The GMCs for both the HA-L and HA-I groups showed that both vaccines elicited high anti-HAV titres, considerably more than the threshold of protection needed against HAV infection in humans, and these titres were sustained. Hence, both HA-I and HA-L vaccines could provide an excellent long-term protective effect, and supported the routine use of both vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming, China
| | - X Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - F Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - G Kang
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Ding
- Yunnan Provincial Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - C Ye
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - S Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - J Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - J Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - S Wen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Y Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - X Li
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - L Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - X Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - G Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - J Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China.
| | - Q Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China.
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Rao S, Mao JS, Motlekar S, Fangcheng Z, Kadhe G. A review of immunogenicity and tolerability of live attenuated Hepatitis A vaccine in children. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:3160-3165. [PMID: 27532370 PMCID: PMC5215502 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing epidemiology of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has led to an increased susceptibility of adolescents and adults to the infection. Vaccination can remarkably reduce the incidence and associated morbidity of HAV infection. This review is focused on the safety and efficacy of H2 strain derived live attenuated Hepatitis A vaccine. We found the vaccine to be highly immunogenic with minimal or negligible safety issues. Moreover, a single dose of live attenuated vaccine persists a long term immune response and can be a preferred option for developing countries. In 2014, Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) also updated their recommendations for H2 vaccine as a single dose as against the previous 2 dose schedule. A focused approach to include the vaccine in national immunization program should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Rao
- a Medical Affairs Department , Wockhardt Ltd , Bandra (East), Mumbai , India
| | - J S Mao
- b Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , China
| | - Salman Motlekar
- a Medical Affairs Department , Wockhardt Ltd , Bandra (East), Mumbai , India
| | - Zhuang Fangcheng
- b Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ganesh Kadhe
- a Medical Affairs Department , Wockhardt Ltd , Bandra (East), Mumbai , India
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Lemon SM, Ott JJ, Van Damme P, Shouval D. Type A viral hepatitis: A summary and update on the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. J Hepatol 2017; 68:S0168-8278(17)32278-X. [PMID: 28887164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although epidemic jaundice was well known to physicians of antiquity, it is only in recent years that medical science has begun to unravel the origins of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and the unique pathobiology underlying acute hepatitis A in humans. Improvements in sanitation and the successful development of highly efficacious vaccines have markedly reduced the worldwide prevalence and incidence of this enterically-transmitted infection over the past quarter century, yet the virus persists in vulnerable populations and remains a common cause of food-borne disease outbreaks in economically-advantaged societies. Reductions in the prevalence of HAV have led to increases in the median age at which infection occurs, often resulting in more severe disease in affected persons and paradoxical increases in disease burden in some developing nations. Here, we summarize recent advances in the molecular virology of HAV, an atypical member of the Picornaviridae family, survey what is known of the pathogenesis of hepatitis A in humans and the host-pathogen interactions that typify the infection, and review medical and public health aspects of immunisation and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA.
| | - Jördis J Ott
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Shouval
- Liver Unit, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, P.O.Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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