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Fang S, Rui X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang W. Comparative study of nasal cavity drug delivery efficiency with different nozzles in a 3D printed model. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17227. [PMID: 38618567 PMCID: PMC11015827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal sprays are widely used in treating nasal and sinus diseases; however, there are very few studies on the drug delivery efficiency of nasal sprays. In this study, the drug delivery efficiency of three different nasal spray devices was evaluated in vitro using a 3D printed cast model of nasal cavity. Methods Three nasal spray devices with different nozzles and angles of administration were used in the 3D model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The spraying area (SA), maximal spraying distance (MSD), and spraying distribution scores on the nasal septum and lateral nasal wall were recorded. Results Different nasal spray devices have their own characteristics, including volume of each spray, SA, and plume angle. The SA of the three nozzles on the nasal septum increased with an increasing angle of administration. When the angle of administration was 50°, each nozzle reached the maximal SA. There was no statistically significant difference in MSD among the three nozzles at the three angles. The total scores for each nozzle using the three different spraying angles were as follows: nozzle A, 40° > 30° > 50°; nozzle B, 30° > 40° > 50°; and nozzle C, 30° > 40° > 50°. The total scores for different nozzles using the same angle were statistically significantly different and the scores for nozzle C were the highest. Nozzle C had the minimum plume angle. None of the three nozzles could effectively delivered drugs into the middle meatus at any angle in this model. Conclusions The design of the nozzle affects drug delivery efficiency of nasal spray devices. The ideal angle of administration is 50°. The nozzle with smaller plume angle has higher drug delivery efficiency. Current nasal spray devices can easily deliver drugs to most areas of the nasal cavity, such as the turbinate, nasal septum, olfactory fissure, and nasopharynx, but not the middle meatus. These findings are meaningful for nozzle selection and device improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Rui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Koirala P, Shalash AO, Chen SPR, Faruck MO, Wang J, Hussein WM, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Monteiro MJ, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Polymeric Nanoparticles as Oral and Intranasal Peptide Vaccine Delivery Systems: The Role of Shape and Conjugation. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:198. [PMID: 38400181 PMCID: PMC10893271 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines are highly attractive due to high patient compliance and their suitability for mass immunizations. However, all currently licensed mucosal vaccines are composed of attenuated/inactive whole microbes, which are associated with a variety of safety concerns. In contrast, modern subunit vaccines use minimal pathogenic components (antigens) that are safe but typically poorly immunogenic when delivered via mucosal administration. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of various functional polymer-based nanostructures as vaccine carriers. A Group A Streptococcus (GAS)-derived peptide antigen (PJ8) was selected in light of the recent global spread of invasive GAS infection. The vaccine candidates were prepared by either conjugation or physical mixing of PJ8 with rod-, sphere-, worm-, and tadpole-shaped polymeric nanoparticles. The roles of nanoparticle shape and antigen conjugation in vaccine immunogenicity were demonstrated through the comparison of three distinct immunization pathways (subcutaneous, intranasal, and oral). No additional adjuvant or carrier was required to induce bactericidal immune responses even upon oral vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Sung-Po R. Chen
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.-P.R.C.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Mohammad O. Faruck
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.-P.R.C.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.O.F.); (J.W.); (W.M.H.)
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Farnós O, Martins Fernandes Paes BC, Getachew B, Rourou S, Chaabene A, Gelaye E, Tefera TA, Kamen AA. Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 38250854 PMCID: PMC10819614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The adenoviral vector was designed, and a manufacturing process was developed in the context of the Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund initiative funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. The industrially relevant recombinant vaccine technology platform is being transferred to the National Veterinary Institute (Ethiopia) for veterinary applications. Here, a manufacturing process using HEK293SF suspension cells cultured in stirred-tank bioreactors for the vaccine production is proposed. Taking into consideration supply chain limitations, options for serum-free media selection were evaluated. A streamlined downstream process including a filtration, an ultrafiltration, and a concentration step was developed. With high volumetric yields (infectious titers up to 5 × 109 TCID50/mL) in the culture supernatant, the final formulations were prepared at 1010 TCID50/mL, either in liquid or lyophilized forms. The liquid formulation was suitable and safe for mucosal vaccination and was stable for 1 week at 37 °C. Both the liquid and lyophilized formulations were stable after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. We demonstrate that the instillation of the adenoviral vector through the nasal cavity can confer protection to chickens against a lethal challenge with NDV. Overall, a manufacturing process for the adenovirus-vectored vaccine was developed, and protective doses were determined using a convenient route of delivery. Formulation and storage conditions were established, and quality control protocols were implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Farnós
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada (B.C.M.F.P.)
| | | | - Belayneh Getachew
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP.74., Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.R.)
| | - Ameni Chaabene
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP.74., Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.R.)
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Takele A. Tefera
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada (B.C.M.F.P.)
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4
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Prasanna M, Varela Calvino R, Lambert A, Arista Romero M, Pujals S, Trottein F, Camberlein E, Grandjean C, Csaba N. Semisynthetic Pneumococcal Glycoconjugate Nanovaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1563-1575. [PMID: 37694903 PMCID: PMC10515484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines offer an excellent safety profile and high protection against the serotypes comprised in the vaccine. However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. We report herein the encapsulation of a semisynthetic glycoconjugate (GC) composed of a synthetic tetrasaccharide mimicking theS. pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). These GC-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GC-CNPs) were not toxic to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), showed enhanced uptake, and displayed better immunostimulatory properties in comparison to the naked GC. A comparative study was carried out in mice to evaluate the immune response elicited by the glycoconjugate-administered subcutaneously (SC), where the GC-CNPs displayed 100-fold higher IgG response as compared with the group treated with nonencapsulated GC. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of this chitosan-based nanovaccine for efficient delivery of glycoconjugate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Prasanna
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela Calvino
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Annie Lambert
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Arista Romero
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sylvia Pujals
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - François Trottein
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR
9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Kumari S, Howlett TS, Ehrman RN, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Wijesundara YH, Gassensmith JJ. In vivo biocompatibility of ZIF-8 for slow release via intranasal administration. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5774-5782. [PMID: 37265713 PMCID: PMC10231336 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is becoming popular in research for its potential in antigen protection and for providing a thermally stable, slow-release platform. While papers applying this material for immunological applications are aplenty in the literature, studies that explore the biosafety of ZIF-8 in mammals-especially when administered intranasally-are not well represented. We checked the body clearance of uncoated and ZIF-8-coated liposomes and observed that the release slowed as ZIF-8 is easily degraded by mucosal fluid in the nasal cavity. We delivered varying doses of ZIF-8, checked its short- and long-term effects on diagnostic proteins found in blood serum, and found no noticeable differences from the saline control group. We also studied their lung diffusing capacity and tissue morphology; neither showed significant changes in morphology or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ryanne N Ehrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
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6
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li L, Wilkins JV, Esmaeili AR, Rahman N, Golshahi L. In Vitro Comparison of Local Nasal Vaccine Delivery and Correlation with Device Spray Performance. Pharm Res 2023; 40:537-550. [PMID: 36536098 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is the first vaccine candidate in vitro investigation with a focus on finding a correlation between the spray characteristics and the delivery efficiency of the local deposition in the nasal airways of infants under 24 months using various intranasal devices. METHODS In vitro tests were developed to measure the spray characteristics of four intranasal delivery devices and how they regionally deliver a candidate vaccine formulation matrix in five nasal airway replicas (3 to 24 months). The correlation between the spray performance, geometric parameters, and delivery efficiency were assessed. RESULTS All four devices performed consistently in terms of spray characteristics and were capable of delivering a high percentage of the candidate vaccine to the target areas, with a minimum delivery efficiency of 80%. Moreover, the delivery efficiency was affected by either the spray droplet size distribution or the distance between the nozzle tip and the internal nasal valve. Correlations between the spray performance and the in vitro local dose deposition were established. CONCLUSION The infant nasal model tests can be complementary to device spray performance evaluation. In the absence of in vivo correlations, they can also facilitate the process of new product development by estimating delivery a priori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Li
- Vaccine CMC Development & Supply, Sanofi, Toronto, Room 121, Building 95, Sanofi, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, USA.
| | - John V Wilkins
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 1083, 800 E. Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Amir R Esmaeili
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 1083, 800 E. Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nausheen Rahman
- Vaccine CMC Development & Supply, Sanofi, Toronto, Room 121, Building 95, Sanofi, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, USA
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 1083, 800 E. Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Najafi A, Ghazvini K, Sankian M, Gholami L, Zare S, Yousefi Arvand A, Tafaghodi M. Mucosal and systemic immunization against tuberculosis by ISCOMATRIX nano adjuvant co-administered with alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1162-1167. [PMID: 37736514 PMCID: PMC10510487 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67564.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives BCG vaccine has no longer been appreciated to immunize against tuberculosis, worldwide, so novel appropriate adjuvants have been dedicated to improve immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ISCOMATRIX as an adjuvant to stimulate potent humoral and cellular immune responses of the PPE17 loaded alginate coated nanoparticles through subcutaneous and intranasal vaccination. Materials and Methods Size, polydispersity index, and morphology of the resulting colloidal particles were explored by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cellular and/or humoral immune stimulation properties of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant were measured by measuring the level of IFNγ, IL-4, IL-17, and TGFβ in spleen cell cultures and IgG1 and IgG2a in serum and sIgA in nasal lavage of immunized mice, respectively. Results The spherical cage-like particles of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant have optimal size of 59±6 nm appropriate for an immune adjuvant vaccine. ISCOMATRIX induced robust Th1 (IFN-γ) and IL-17 cytokine response also significant IgG2a and IgG1antibodies in both subcutaneous and intranasal routes and elicited mucosal sIgA response when administered intranasally. As a booster for BCG, ISCOMATRIX induced immune responses only in subcutaneous route. Conclusion These findings indicate that ISCOMATRIX is a promising adjuvant with the potential for increasing cellular and humoral immunity both after subcutaneous and intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Najafi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Fatemieh hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirwan Zare
- Immunology Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arshid Yousefi Arvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahavz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Tsai CJY, Loh JMS, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H. Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:885-899. [PMID: 37817433 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2268724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective immune responses at the front line of pathogen encounters. The needle-free delivery route and cold chain-free logistic requirements also provide additional advantages in ease and economy. However, the development of mucosal vaccines faces several challenges, and only a handful of mucosal vaccines are currently licensed. These vaccines are all in the form of live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms, whereas no subunit-based mucosal vaccine is available. AREAS COVERED The selection of antigen, delivery vehicle, route and adjuvants for mucosal vaccination are highly important. This is particularly crucial for subunit vaccines, as they often fail to elicit strong immune responses. Emerging research is providing new insights into the biological and immunological uniqueness of mucosal tissues. However, many aspects of the mucosal immunology still await to be investigated. EXPERT OPINION This article provides an overview of the current understanding of mucosal vaccination and discusses the remaining knowledge gaps. We emphasize that because of the potential benefits mucosal vaccines can bring from the biomedical, social and economic standpoints, the unmet goal to achieve mucosal vaccine success is worth the effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand, Auckland
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jacelyn M S Loh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand, Auckland
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Lee J, Khang D. Mucosal delivery of nanovaccine strategy against COVID-19 and its variants. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:S2211-3835(22)00489-0. [PMID: 36438851 PMCID: PMC9676163 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global administration of approved COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., ChAdOx1 nCoV-19®, mRNA-1273®, BNT162b2®), the number of infections and fatalities continue to rise at an alarming rate because of the new variants such as Omicron and its subvariants. Including COVID-19 vaccines that are licensed for human use, most of the vaccines that are currently in clinical trials are administered via parenteral route. However, it has been proven that the parenteral vaccines do not induce localized immunity in the upper respiratory mucosal surface, and administration of the currently approved vaccines does not necessarily lead to sterilizing immunity. This further supports the necessity of a mucosal vaccine that blocks the main entrance route of COVID-19: nasal and oral mucosal surfaces. Understanding the mechanism of immune regulation of M cells and dendritic cells and targeting them can be another promising approach for the successful stimulation of the mucosal immune system. This paper reviews the basic mechanisms of the mucosal immunity elicited by mucosal vaccines and summarizes the practical aspects and challenges of nanotechnology-based vaccine platform development, as well as ligand hybrid nanoparticles as potentially effective target delivery agents for mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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11
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Chaikhumwang P, Madapong A, Saeng-Chuto K, Nilubol D, Tantituvanont A. Intranasal delivery of inactivated PRRSV loaded cationic nanoparticles coupled with enterotoxin subunit B induces PRRSV-specific immune responses in pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3725. [PMID: 35260663 PMCID: PMC8904483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses and protective efficacy following the intranasal administration of inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) loaded in polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles coupled with heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA). Here, 42- to 3-week-old PRRSV-free pigs were randomly allocated into 7 groups of 6 pigs each. Two groups represented the negative (nonvaccinated pigs/nonchallenged pigs, NoVacNoChal) and challenge (nonvaccinated/challenged, NoVacChal) controls. The pigs in the other 5 groups, namely, PLA nanoparticles/challenged (blank NPs), LTB-DDA coupled with PLA nanoparticles/challenged (adjuvant-blank NPs), PLA nanoparticles-encapsulating inactivated PRRSV/challenged (KNPs), LTB-DDA coupled with PLA nanoparticles loaded with inactivated PRRSV/challenged pigs (adjuvant-KNPs) and inactivated PRRSV/challenged pigs (inactivated PRRSV), were intranasally vaccinated with previously described vaccines at 0, 7 and 14 days post-vaccination (DPV). Serum and nasal swab samples were collected weekly and assayed by ELISA to detect the presence of IgG and IgA, respectively. Viral neutralizing titer (VNT) in sera, IFN-γ-producing cells and IL-10 secretion in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also measured. The pigs were intranasally challenged with PRRSV-2 at 28 DPV and necropsied at 35 DPV, and then macro- and microscopic lung lesions were evaluated. The results demonstrated that following vaccination, adjuvant-KNP-vaccinated pigs had significantly higher levels of IFN-γ-producing cells, VNT and IgG in sera, and IgA in nasal swab samples and significantly lower IL-10 levels than the other vaccinated groups. Following challenge, the adjuvant-KNP-vaccinated pigs had significantly lower PRRSV RNA and macro- and microscopic lung lesions than the other vaccinated groups. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that adjuvant-KNPs are effective in eliciting immune responses against PRRSV and protecting against PRRSV infections over KNPs and inactivated PRRSV and can be used as an adjuvant for intranasal PRRSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puwich Chaikhumwang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Adthakorn Madapong
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kepalee Saeng-Chuto
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Xu M, Li N, Fan X, Zhou Y, Bi S, Shen A, Wang B. Differential Effects of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling on the Activation of Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114421. [PMID: 35196817 PMCID: PMC8865572 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01144-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination through the upper respiratory tract (URT) is highly effective for the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based adjuvants are immunostimulatory and considered potential adjuvant candidates. However, the patterns of immune response to different TLRs at the URT have not been revealed. In this study, SPF mice were preexposed to TLR agonists intranasally to simulate the status of humans. Inflammatory response to TLR agonists and TLR signal-mediated adaptive immune responses were analyzed. The results revealed that similar to human tonsils, inflammatory response to stimulation with TLR4 or TLR2 agonist was attenuated in agonist-exposed mice but not in mice without this exposure. In contrast, TLR9 or TLR3 agonist preexposure did not affect the inflammatory response to restimulation by matching agonists. For the adaptive immune response, after agonist preexposure the antibody response to antigens adjuvanted with TLR4 or TLR2 agonist was substantially restricted, whereas, both antibody and T cell responses to antigens adjuvanted with TLR9 or TLR3 agonist were activated as robustly as in mice without agonist exposure. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mechanisms underlying the differential activation of TLRs are regulated at the level of TLR expression in innate and adaptive immune cells. These results indicate that TLRs on the cell surface (TLR4 and 2) and in the endolysosomal compartments (TLR9 and 3) display distinct immune response patterns. The findings provide important information for the use of TLR agonists as mucosal adjuvants and enhance our understanding of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in the respiratory mucosa. IMPORTANCE Agonists of TLRs are potential adjuvant candidates for mucosal vaccination. We demonstrated that the TLR-mediated inflammatory and antibody responses in the URT of SPF mice exposed to extracellular TLR agonists were substantially restricted. In contrast, inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, including B and T cell activation, were not desensitized in mice exposed to intracellular TLR agonists. The distinct responsive patterns of extra and intracellular TLRs regulated at TLR expression in immune cells. The results indicated that TLRs differentially impact the innate and adaptive immune response in the URT, which contributes to the selection of TLR-based mucosal adjuvants and helps understand the difference between the immune response in bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adong Shen
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Beinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Alu A, Chen L, Lei H, Wei Y, Tian X, Wei X. Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103841. [PMID: 35085851 PMCID: PMC8785603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization. However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, which is partially due to the absence of mucosal immunity activation. Despite the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the next generation of COVID-19 vaccine is in demand and intranasal (IN) vaccination method has been demonstrated to be potent in inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Presently, although not licensed, various IN vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are under intensive investigation, with 12 candidates reaching clinical trials at different phases. In this review, we give a detailed description about current status of IN COVID-19 vaccines, including virus-vectored vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. The ongoing clinical trials for IN vaccines are highlighted. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of mucosal immunity and potential mucosal adjuvants and nasal delivery devices are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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14
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Using the Intranasal Route to Administer Drugs to Treat Neurological and Psychiatric Illnesses: Rationale, Successes, and Future Needs. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:739-770. [PMID: 35759210 PMCID: PMC9243954 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While the intranasal administration of drugs to the brain has been gaining both research attention and regulatory success over the past several years, key fundamental and translational challenges remain to fully leveraging the promise of this drug delivery pathway for improving the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric illnesses. In response, this review highlights the current state of understanding of the nose-to-brain drug delivery pathway and how both biological and clinical barriers to drug transport using the pathway can been addressed, as illustrated by demonstrations of how currently approved intranasal sprays leverage these pathways to enable the design of successful therapies. Moving forward, aiming to better exploit the understanding of this fundamental pathway, we also outline the development of nanoparticle systems that show improvement in delivering approved drugs to the brain and how engineered nanoparticle formulations could aid in breakthroughs in terms of delivering emerging drugs and therapeutics while avoiding systemic adverse effects.
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15
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Meenakshi S, Kumar VU, Dhingra S, Murti K. Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic? Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:184-192. [PMID: 35799869 PMCID: PMC9200647 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revolutionized the vaccine market and initiated the momentum for alternative routes of administration for vaccines. The intranasal route of immunization is one such possibility that appears to be the most promising since it has some significant advantages, particularly in the prevention of respiratory infection. To analyze and summarize the role of nasal vaccines over conventional vaccines during COVID-19 and the need for the nasal vaccine as a booster shot. In this narrative review, the required data was retrieved using keywords “COVID-19,” “Intranasal,” “Immunity,” “Nasal spray,” and “Mucosal” in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Sciences. The results of the study showed that the nasal vaccines were both effective and protective according to the current researches approaching during the COVID-19 period and the preclinical and clinical phase trials prove the intranasal vaccination elicits more robust and cross-protective immunity than conventional vaccines. In this narrative review article, mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented and the current status of nasal vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized, and advantages over traditional vaccines are provided. Furthermore, after exploring the primary benefits and kinetics of nasal vaccine, the potential for consideration of nasal vaccine as a booster dose is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa Meenakshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
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16
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Xu H, Cai L, Hufnagel S, Cui Z. Intranasal vaccine: Factors to consider in research and development. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121180. [PMID: 34637935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection. Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle-based injection, but there are only a few intranasal vaccines that are currently approved for human use, and all of them are live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. Clearly, there are immunological as well as non-immunological challenges that prevent vaccine developers from choosing the intranasal route of administration. We reviewed current approved intranasal vaccines and pipelines and described the target of intranasal vaccines, i.e. nose and lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity. We then analyzed factors unique to intranasal vaccines that need to be considered when researching and developing new intranasal vaccines. We concluded that while the choice of vaccine formulations, mucoadhesives, mucosal and epithelial permeation enhancers, and ligands that target M-cells are important, safe and effective intranasal mucosal vaccine adjuvants are needed to successfully develop an intranasal vaccine that is not based on live-attenuated viruses or bacteria. Moreover, more effective intranasal vaccine application devices that can efficiently target a vaccine to lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity as well as preclinical animal models that can better predict intranasal vaccine performance in clinical trials are needed to increase the success rate of intranasal vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lucy Cai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie Hufnagel
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States.
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17
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Pilicheva B, Boyuklieva R. Can the Nasal Cavity Help Tackle COVID-19? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1612. [PMID: 34683904 PMCID: PMC8537957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Boyuklieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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18
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An X, Martinez-Paniagua M, Rezvan A, Sefat SR, Fathi M, Singh S, Biswas S, Pourpak M, Yee C, Liu X, Varadarajan N. Single-dose intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2021; 24:103037. [PMID: 34462731 PMCID: PMC8388188 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the development and authorization of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to validate vaccine platforms for broader application. The current intramuscular vaccines are designed to elicit systemic immunity without conferring mucosal immunity in the nasal compartment, which is the first barrier that SARS-CoV-2 virus breaches before dissemination to the lung. We report the development of an intranasal subunit vaccine that uses lyophilized spike protein and liposomal STING agonist as an adjuvant. This vaccine induces systemic neutralizing antibodies, IgA in the lung and nasal compartments, and T-cell responses in the lung of mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the coordinated activation of T/B-cell responses in a germinal center-like manner within the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues, confirming its role as an inductive site to enable durable immunity. The ability to elicit immunity in the respiratory tract can prevent the establishment of infection in individuals and prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Melisa Martinez-Paniagua
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ali Rezvan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Samiur Rahman Sefat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shailbala Singh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sujit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | | | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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19
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The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:951-967. [PMID: 33795852 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery technologies have enabled the development of many pharmaceutical products that improve patient health by enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site, minimizing off-target accumulation and facilitating patient compliance. As therapeutic modalities expanded beyond small molecules to include nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and antibodies, drug delivery technologies were adapted to address the challenges that emerged. In this Review Article, we discuss seminal approaches that led to the development of successful therapeutic products involving small molecules and macromolecules, identify three drug delivery paradigms that form the basis of contemporary drug delivery and discuss how they have aided the initial clinical successes of each class of therapeutic. We also outline how the paradigms will contribute to the delivery of live-cell therapies.
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20
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Lv Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of recombinant protein interleukin-17 receptor C (IL-17RC): preparation and evaluation in asthma mice. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3029-3039. [PMID: 34180764 PMCID: PMC8806589 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1940622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is mentioned as a chronic airway inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis is complicated. The promotion of inflammation in asthma by IL-17A and IL-17F has been confirmed. In addition to covalent homodimers, both cytokines are also able to form heterodimers, further inducing downstream pathways via binding to the IL-17RA and IL-17RC receptor complex. In recent years, IL-17RA and its signal transduction pathway have been extensively researched. IL-17RC, however, remains relatively unexplored. In the present study, we self-assembled chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of recombinant protein IL-17RC (rIL-17RC) and preliminarily investigated its effect on a murine model of allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). rIL-17RC was produced by the prokaryotic expression system and encapsulated into the CS nanoparticles via ionic cross-linking technique. The results showed that CS-RC nanoparticles via intranasal intervention significantly caused inhibition of mucus secretion and airway inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced IL-4, IL-17, IL-17F levels in BALF. Hence, delivering receptor proteins such as IL-17RC, through CS nanoparticles as a carrier, could be an attractive therapeutic intervention for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Lv
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060768. [PMID: 34207265 PMCID: PMC8234863 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinicopathological forms caused by currently circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates is incomplete. So far, most of the studies have been focused on isolates classified within genotypes I and II, the only genotypes that have circulated outside of Africa. However, less is known about the clinical presentations and lesions induced by isolates belonging to the other twenty-two genotypes. Therefore, the early clinicopathological identification of disease outbreaks caused by isolates belonging to, as yet, not well-characterised ASFV genotypes may be compromised, which might cause a delay in the implementation of control measures to halt the virus spread. To improve the pathological characterisation of disease caused by diverse isolates, we have refined the macroscopic and histopathological evaluation protocols to standardise the scoring of lesions. Domestic pigs were inoculated intranasally with different doses (high, medium and low) of ASFV isolate Ken05/Tk1 (genotype X). To complement previous studies, the distribution and severity of macroscopic and histopathological lesions, along with the amount and distribution of viral antigen in tissues, were characterised by applying the new scoring protocols. The intranasal inoculation of domestic pigs with high doses of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate induced acute forms of ASF in most of the animals. Inoculation with medium doses mainly induced acute forms of disease. A less severe but longer clinical course, typical of subacute forms, characterised by the presence of more widespread and severe haemorrhages and oedema, was observed in one pig inoculated with the medium dose. The severity of vascular lesions (haemorrhages and oedema) induced by high and medium doses was not associated with the amount of virus antigen detected in tissues, therefore these might be attributed to indirect mechanisms not evaluated in the present study. The absence of clinical signs, lesions and detectable levels of virus genome or antigen in blood from the animals inoculated with the lowest dose ruled out the existence of possible asymptomatic carriers or persistently infected pigs, at least for the 21 days period of the study. The results corroborate the moderate virulence of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate, as well as its capacity to induce both the acute and, occasionally, subacute forms of ASF when high and medium doses were administered intranasally.
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22
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Stone AE, Scheuermann SE, Haile CN, Cuny GD, Velasquez ML, Linhuber JP, Duddupudi AL, Vigliaturo JR, Pravetoni M, Kosten TA, Kosten TR, Norton EB. Fentanyl conjugate vaccine by injected or mucosal delivery with dmLT or LTA1 adjuvants implicates IgA in protection from drug challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:69. [PMID: 33986280 PMCID: PMC8119695 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is a major contributor to the devastating increase in overdose deaths from substance use disorders (SUD). A vaccine targeting fentanyl could be a powerful immunotherapeutic. Here, we evaluated adjuvant and delivery strategies for conjugate antigen vaccination with fentanyl-based haptens. We tested adjuvants derived from the heat-labile toxin of E. coli including dmLT and LTA1 by intramuscular, sublingual or intranasal delivery. Our results show anti-fentanyl serum antibodies and antibody secreting cells in the bone-marrow after vaccination with highest levels observed with an adjuvant (alum, dmLT, or LTA1). Vaccine adjuvanted with LTA1 or dmLT elicited the highest levels of anti-fentanyl antibodies, whereas alum achieved highest levels against the carrier protein. Vaccination with sublingual dmLT or intranasal LTA1 provided the most robust blockade of fentanyl-induced analgesia and CNS penetration correlating strongly to anti-FEN IgA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates dmLT or LTA1 adjuvant as well as mucosal delivery may be attractive strategies for improving the efficacy of vaccines against SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison E Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah E Scheuermann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Colin N Haile
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcela Lopez Velasquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joshua P Linhuber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anantha L Duddupudi
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Vigliaturo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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23
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Kelly SH, Cossette BJ, Varadhan AK, Wu Y, Collier JH. Titrating Polyarginine into Nanofibers Enhances Cyclic-Dinucleotide Adjuvanticity in Vitro and after Sublingual Immunization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1876-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Kelly
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Cossette
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ajay K. Varadhan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joel H. Collier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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24
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Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Patil V, Schrock J, Han Y, Ramesh A, Dhakal S, Hanson J, Krakowka S, Renukaradhya GJ. Immunity and Protective Efficacy of Mannose Conjugated Chitosan-Based Influenza Nanovaccine in Maternal Antibody Positive Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:584299. [PMID: 33746943 PMCID: PMC7969509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.584299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral administration of killed/inactivated swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) vaccine in weaned piglets provides variable levels of immunity due to the presence of preexisting virus specific maternal derived antibodies (MDA). To overcome the effect of MDA on SwIAV vaccine in piglets, we developed an intranasal deliverable killed SwIAV antigen (KAg) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles called chitosan-based NPs encapsulating KAg (CS NPs-KAg) vaccine. Further, to target the candidate vaccine to dendritic cells and macrophages which express mannose receptor, we conjugated mannose to chitosan (mCS) and formulated KAg encapsulated mCS nanoparticles called mannosylated chitosan-based NPs encapsulating KAg (mCS NPs-KAg) vaccine. In MDA-positive piglets, prime-boost intranasal inoculation of mCS NPs-KAg vaccine elicited enhanced homologous (H1N2-OH10), heterologous (H1N1-OH7), and heterosubtypic (H3N2-OH4) influenza virus-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody response in nasal passage compared to CS NPs-KAg vaccinates. In vaccinated upon challenged with a heterologous SwIAV H1N1, both mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates augmented H1N2-OH10, H1N1-OH7, and H3N2-OH4 virus-specific sIgA antibody responses in nasal swab, lung lysate, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; and IgG antibody levels in lung lysate and BAL fluid samples. Whereas, the multivalent commercial inactivated SwIAV vaccine delivered intramuscularly increased serum IgG antibody response. In mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates increased H1N2-OH10 but not H1N1-OH7 and H3N2-OH4-specific serum hemagglutination inhibition titers were observed. Additionally, mCS NPs-KAg vaccine increased specific recall lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFNγ gene expression compared to CS NPs-KAg and commercial SwIAV vaccinates in tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Consistent with the immune response both mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates cleared the challenge H1N1-OH7 virus load in upper and lower respiratory tract more efficiently when compared to commercial vaccine. The virus clearance was associated with reduced gross lung lesions. Overall, mCS NP-KAg vaccine intranasal immunization in MDA-positive pigs induced a robust cross-reactive immunity and offered protection against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anikethana Ramesh
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliette Hanson
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
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25
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Salian VS, Wright JA, Vedell PT, Nair S, Li C, Kandimalla M, Tang X, Carmona Porquera EM, Kalari KR, Kandimalla KK. COVID-19 Transmission, Current Treatment, and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:754-771. [PMID: 33464914 PMCID: PMC7839412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the stroke of the New Year 2020, COVID-19, a zoonotic disease that would turn into a global pandemic, was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Although unique in its transmission and virulence, COVID-19 is similar to zoonotic diseases, including other SARS variants (e.g., SARS-CoV) and MERS, in exhibiting severe flu-like symptoms and acute respiratory distress. Even at the molecular level, many parallels have been identified between SARS and COVID-19 so much so that the COVID-19 virus has been named SARS-CoV-2. These similarities have provided several opportunities to treat COVID-19 patients using clinical approaches that were proven to be effective against SARS. Importantly, the identification of similarities in how SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 access the host, replicate, and trigger life-threatening pathological conditions have revealed opportunities to repurpose drugs that were proven to be effective against SARS. In this article, we first provided an overview of COVID-19 etiology vis-à-vis other zoonotic diseases, particularly SARS and MERS. Then, we summarized the characteristics of droplets/aerosols emitted by COVID-19 patients and how they aid in the transmission of the virus among people. Moreover, we discussed the molecular mechanisms that enable SARS-CoV-2 to access the host and become more contagious than other betacoronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. Further, we outlined various approaches that are currently being employed to diagnose and symptomatically treat COVID-19 in the clinic. Finally, we reviewed various approaches and technologies employed to develop vaccines against COVID-19 and summarized the attempts to repurpose various classes of drugs and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrishali S. Salian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Jessica A. Wright
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Peter T. Vedell
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Sanjana Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Chenxu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Mahathi Kandimalla
- College of Letters and Science,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
55906, United States
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Eva M. Carmona Porquera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
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26
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Xu L, Tudor D, Bomsel M. The Protective HIV-1 Envelope gp41 Antigen P1 Acts as a Mucosal Adjuvant Stimulating the Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599278. [PMID: 33613520 PMCID: PMC7886812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal nasal vaccine development, although ideal to protect from pathogens invading mucosally, is limited by the lack of specific adjuvant. We recently used P1, a conserved region of HIV-1 gp41-envelope glycoprotein, as efficient antigen in a prophylactic HIV-1 mucosal vaccine applied nasally. Herein, P1 immunomodulation properties were assessed on human nasal mucosal models by measuring induction of cytokine and chemokine production, intracellular signaling pathways, mucosal dendritic cell (DC) activation, and T cell proliferation. P1 adjuvant properties were evaluated by quantification of antigen-specific B cell responses against a model antigen in an in vitro immunization model. We now demonstrated that P1 has additional immunological properties. P1 initiates immune responses by inducing nasal epithelial cells to secrete the Th2-cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a described mucosal adjuvant. Secreted TSLP activates, in turn, intracellular calcium flux and PAR-2-associated NFAT signaling pathway regulated by microRNA-4485. Thereafter, P1 induces mucosal dendritic cell maturation, secretion of TSLP in a TSLP-receptor (R)-dependent autocrine loop, but also IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, CCL20, CCL22, and MMP-9, and proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Finally, P1 acts as an adjuvant to stimulate antigen-specific B cell responses in vitro. Overall, P1 is a multi-functional domain with various immuno-modulatory properties. In addition to being a protective vaccine antigen for HIV prevention, P1 acts as adjuvant for other mucosal vaccines able to stimulate humoral and cellular antigen-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Tudor
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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27
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Defining the Mechanistic Correlates of Protection Conferred by Whole-Cell Vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acute Murine Pneumonia. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00451-20. [PMID: 33199354 PMCID: PMC7822147 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00451-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes severe pulmonary infections associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The development of a vaccine against P. aeruginosa could help prevent infections caused by this highly antibiotic-resistant microorganism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes severe pulmonary infections associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The development of a vaccine against P. aeruginosa could help prevent infections caused by this highly antibiotic-resistant microorganism. We propose that identifying the vaccine-induced correlates of protection against P. aeruginosa will facilitate the development of a vaccine against this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic correlates of protection of a curdlan-adjuvanted P. aeruginosa whole-cell vaccine (WCV) delivered intranasally. The WCV significantly decreased bacterial loads in the respiratory tract after intranasal P. aeruginosa challenge and raised antigen-specific antibody titers. To study the role of B and T cells during vaccination, anti-CD4, -CD8, and -CD20 depletions were performed prior to WCV vaccination and boosting. The depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or CD20+ cells had no impact on the bacterial burden in mock-vaccinated animals. However, depletion of CD20+ B cells, but not CD8+ or CD4+ T cells, led to the loss of vaccine-mediated bacterial clearance. Also, passive immunization with serum from WCV group mice alone protected naive mice against P. aeruginosa, supporting the role of antibodies in clearing P. aeruginosa. We observed that in the absence of T cell-dependent antibody production, mice vaccinated with the WCV were still able to reduce bacterial loads. Our results collectively highlight the importance of the humoral immune response for protection against P. aeruginosa and suggest that the production of T cell-independent antibodies may be sufficient for bacterial clearance induced by whole-cell P. aeruginosa vaccination.
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28
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Wilkins JV, Golshahi L, Rahman N, Li L. Evaluation of Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Using Anatomical Replicas of Infant Nasal Airways. Pharm Res 2021; 38:141-153. [PMID: 33449250 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasal delivery is a favorable route for vaccination against most respiratory infections, as antigen deposited in the nasal turbinate and Waldeyer's ring areas induce mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, little is known about the nasal distribution of the vaccines, specifically for infants. METHODS Anatomical nasal replicas of five subjects, 3-24 months, were developed to assess local intranasal vaccine delivery using MAD Nasal™ device, and understand impact of breathing conditions and administration parameters. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the deposition pattern and determine the delivery efficiency. RESULTS The delivery efficiency on average for all models was found to be 86.57±14.23%. There were no significant differences in the total delivery efficiency between the models in all cases. However, the regional deposition pattern was altered based on the model and subsequent administration. Furthermore, removing the foam tip from the MAD Nasal™ device, to study the impact of insertion length, did not significantly increase the efficiency within the two models tested, 5- and 16-month. CONCLUSION Incorporating nasal replicas in testing provided a benchmark to determine the efficiency of a common intranasal vaccine delivery combination product. This proposed platform would allow comparing other potential nasal vaccine delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Wilkins
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA.
| | - Nausheen Rahman
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Building 95, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Lillian Li
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Building 95, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario, M2R 3T4, Canada.
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29
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The Application of Mucoadhesive Chitosan Nanoparticles in Nasal Drug Delivery. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120605. [PMID: 33260406 PMCID: PMC7759871 DOI: 10.3390/md18120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal delivery of antigens can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Particularly, the nasal cavity is a strongly inductive site for mucosal immunity among several administration routes, as it is generally the first point of contact for inhaled antigens. However, the delivery of antigens to the nasal cavity has some disadvantages such as rapid clearance and disposition of inhaled materials. For these reasons, remarkable efforts have been made to develop antigen delivery systems which suit the nasal route. The use of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles enables protection of the antigen from degradation and sustains the release of the loaded antigen, eventually resulting in improved vaccine and/or drug efficacy. Chitosan, which exhibits low toxicity, biodegradability, good cost performance, and strong mucoadhesive properties, is a useful material for nanoparticles. The present review provides an overview of the mucosal immune response induced by nanoparticles, recent advances in the use of nanoparticles, and nasal delivery systems with chitosan nanoparticles.
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30
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Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan Nanoparticle Based Mucosal Vaccines Delivered Against Infectious Diseases of Poultry and Pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558349. [PMID: 33282847 PMCID: PMC7691491 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease of poultry and pig are major threat to health and cause severe economic loss to the food industry and a global food safety issue. Poultry and pig act as a mixing vessel of zoonotic transmission of disease to humans. Effective mucosal vaccines used in animals could reduce the impact of diseases in food animals. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, and its positive charge makes it a natural mucoadhesive agent. Therefore, since last one-decade chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been in use widely to deliver vaccine antigens in animals through mucosal route. Primary route of entry of most infectious disease pathogen is through oral and nasal routes, and the CS NPs based vaccines delivered through that routes enhance the immunogenicity of encapsulated vaccine antigens by targeting the cargo to mucosal microfold cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Resulting in induction of robust secretory and systemic antibodies and/or cell mediated immune response which provides protection against infections. To date, CS NPs is being widely used for mucosal vaccine delivery in poultry and pigs to control bacterial and viral infections, and tested in several preclinical trials for vaccine delivery in humans. In this review, we highlighted the progress so far made in using CS NPs as a vehicle for mucosal vaccine delivery against infectious and zoonotic diseases of poultry and pigs. Discussed about the need of CS NPs modifications, CS NPs based vaccines induced immune responses and its role in protection, and challenges in vaccination and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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31
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COVID-19: Current Developments and Further Opportunities in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100945. [PMID: 33023033 PMCID: PMC7601382 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has affected people from all age groups, races and ethnicities. Given that many infected individuals are asymptomatic, they transmit the disease to others unknowingly, which has resulted in the spread of infection at an alarming rate. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, preventive measures to reduce the disease spread, therapies currently in use, an update on vaccine development and opportunities for vaccine delivery. The World Health Organization has advised several precautions including social distancing, hand washing and the use of PPE including gloves and face masks for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At present, several antiviral therapies previously approved for other infections are being repositioned to study their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, some medicines (i.e., remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have received emergency use authorisation from the FDA. Plasma therapy has also been authorised for emergency use for the treatment of COVID-19 on a smaller scale. However, no vaccine has been approved so far against this virus. Nevertheless, several potential vaccine targets have been reported, and development of different types of vaccines including DNA, mRNA, viral vector, inactivated, subunit and vaccine-like particles is in process. It is concluded that a suitable candidate delivered through an advanced drug delivery approach would effectively boost the immune system against this coronavirus.
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32
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Jyoti K, Katare OP, Kamboj A, Madan J. Protamine sulphate coated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles of MUC-1 peptide improved cellular uptake and cytokine release in mouse antigen presenting cells. J Microencapsul 2020; 37:566-576. [PMID: 32928025 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1823500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM MUC-1-peptide (M-1-pep) loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were coated with protamine sulphate (PS), M-1-pep-PS-P-NPs for targeting antigen presenting cells (APCs) to evoke cytokine release. METHODS AND RESULTS M-1-pep-PS-P-NPs were tailored by emulsion-diffusion evaporation method and characterised in vitro under a set of rigorous parameters. The average particle size and zeta potential of optimised M-1-pep-PS-P-B-NPs was measured to be 132.21 ± 30.71 nm and 6.29 ± 0.71 mV, significantly (p < 0.01) higher than 71.24 ± 17.76-nm and -43.41 ± 3.37 mV of M-1-pep-P-NPs. Further, 50-μg/ml concentration of M-1-pep-PS-P-B-NPs displayed 82.4% cellular uptake in RAW 264.7 cells calculated in setting of fluorescence intensity significantly (p < 0.05) elevated than 63.1% of M-1-pep-P-NPs. Consistent to quantitative results, M-1-pep-PS-P-B-NPs also confirmed advanced cellular uptake (CU) in RAW 264.7 cells in contrast to M-1-pep-P-NPs suppose to be through multiple mechanisms including phagocytosis and clathrin mediated endocytosis. CONCLUSION M-1-pep-PS-P-B-NPs must be evaluated in vivo through inhalation route of administration for antitumor prospective in lung cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Jyoti
- Research Division, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjoo Kamboj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
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33
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Kumosani T, Yaghmoor S, Abdulaal WH, Barbour E. Evaluation in broilers of aerosolized nanoparticles vaccine encapsulating imuno-stimulant and antigens of avian influenza virus/Mycoplasma gallisepticum. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:319. [PMID: 32867774 PMCID: PMC7457747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global prevalence of economic primary infection of poultry by H9N2 virus, including the Lineage A, panzootic group ME1, and associated with secondary infection by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), is alarming to the sustainability of the poultry sector. This research evaluated in broilers the immunity and protection induced by aerosolization of liposomal nanoparticles vaccine, encapsulating antigens of H9N2 virus and MG, with or without the incorporation of Echinacea extract (EE) immuno-stimulant. Six different treatments (TRTs) of broilers were included in the experimental design, with three replicate pens/TRT and stocking of 20 day-old birds/replicate. Results The tracheobronchial washings of birds subjected to aerosolization of liposomal nanoparticles, encapsulating antigens of H9N2 and MG and EE had the highest significant mean levels of each of IgA and IgG specific to H9N2 and MG, associated with lowest tracheal MG colonization, tracheal H9N2 recovery, tracheal histopathologic lesions, mortality, and best performance in body weight and feed conversion compared to all other challenged birds allocated to different treatments (P < 0.05). However, the control broilers, free from challenge with MG and H9N2, had the lowest mortality and tracheal lesions, and the highest production performance. Conclusion The aerosolization of liposomal nanoparticles, encapsulating antigens of H9N2 and MG and EE resulted in enough local immunity for protection of broilers against infection, and in attaining the highest production performance in challenged birds. The potential implication of vaccinating with safe killed nanoparticle vaccines is of utmost importance to the global poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soonham Yaghmoor
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group, KAU, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elie Barbour
- Adjunct to Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, KAU, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Director of R and D Department, Opticon Hygiene Consulting, Oechsli 7, 8807, Freienbach, Switzerland
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34
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Bartlett S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipids as Activators of Innate Immunity in Peptide Vaccine Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2887-2901. [PMID: 30362416 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181026100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune system plays an important role in pathogen detection and the recognition of vaccines, mainly through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen components (danger signals). One of the typically recognised bacterial components are lipids in conjugation with peptides, proteins and saccharides. Lipidic compounds are readily recognised by the immune system, and thus are ideal candidates for peptide- based vaccine delivery. Thus, bacterial or synthetic lipids mixed with, or conjugated to, antigens have shown adjuvant properties. These systems have many advantages over traditional adjuvants, including low toxicity and good efficacy for stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. METHODS The most recent literature on the role of lipids in stimulation of immune responses was selected for this review. The vast majority of reviewed papers were published in the last decade. Older but significant findings are also cited. RESULTS This review focuses on the development of lipopeptide vaccine systems including application of palmitic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, glycolipids and the lipid core peptide and their routes of administration. The use of liposomes as a delivery system that incorporates lipopeptides is discussed. The review also includes a brief description of immune system in relation to vaccinology and discussion on vaccine delivery routes. CONCLUSION Lipids and their conjugates are an ideal frontrunner in the development of safe and efficient vaccines for different immunisation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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An X, Martinez-Paniagua M, Rezvan A, Fathi M, Singh S, Biswas S, Pourpak M, Yee C, Liu X, Varadarajan N. Single-dose intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32743568 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.23.212357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A safe and durable vaccine is urgently needed to tackle the COVID19 pandemic that has infected >15 million people and caused >620,000 deaths worldwide. As with other respiratory pathogens, the nasal compartment is the first barrier that needs to be breached by the SARS-CoV-2 virus before dissemination to the lung. Despite progress at remarkable speed, current intramuscular vaccines are designed to elicit systemic immunity without conferring mucosal immunity. We report the development of an intranasal subunit vaccine that contains the trimeric or monomeric spike protein and liposomal STING agonist as adjuvant. This vaccine induces systemic neutralizing antibodies, mucosal IgA responses in the lung and nasal compartments, and T-cell responses in the lung of mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing confirmed the concomitant activation of T and B cell responses in a germinal center-like manner within the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT), confirming its role as an inductive site that can lead to long-lasting immunity. The ability to elicit immunity in the respiratory tract has can prevent the initial establishment of infection in individuals and prevent disease transmission across humans.
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36
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Biomaterials for Immunoengineering. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Zhou Y, Li S, Bi S, Li N, Bi Y, Liu W, Wang B. Long-lasting protective immunity against H7N9 infection is induced by intramuscular or CpG-adjuvanted intranasal immunization with the split H7N9 vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:106013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Alshweiat A, Ambrus R, Csoka II. Intranasal Nanoparticulate Systems as Alternative Route of Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6459-6492. [PMID: 31453778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190827151741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is always a need for alternative and efficient methods of drug delivery. The nasal cavity can be considered as a non-invasive and efficient route of administration. It has been used for local, systemic, brain targeting, and vaccination delivery. Although many intranasal products are currently available on the market, the majority is used for local delivery with fewer products available for the other targets. As nanotechnology utilization in drug delivery has rapidly spread out, the nasal delivery has become attractive as a promising approach. Nanoparticulate systems facilitate drug transportation across the mucosal barrier, protect the drug from nasal enzyme degradation, enhance the delivery of vaccines to the lymphoid tissue of the nasal cavity with an adjuvant activity, and offer a way for peptide delivery into the brain and the systemic circulation, in addition to their potential for brain tumor treatment. This review article aims at discussing the potential benefit of the intranasal nanoparticulate systems, including nanosuspensions, lipid and surfactant, and polymer-based nanoparticles as regards productive intranasal delivery. The aim of this review is to focus on the topicalities of nanotechnology applications for intranasal delivery of local, systemic, brain, and vaccination purposes during the last decade, referring to the factors affecting delivery, regulatory aspects, and patient expectations. This review further identifies the benefits of applying the Quality by Design approaches (QbD) in product development. According to the reported studies on nanotechnology-based intranasal delivery, potential attention has been focused on brain targeting and vaccine delivery with promising outcomes. Despite the significant research effort in this field, nanoparticle-based products for intranasal delivery are not available. Thus, further efforts are required to promote the introduction of intranasal nanoparticulate products that can meet the requirements of regulatory affairs with high patient acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areen Alshweiat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - IIdikó Csoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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39
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Lê MQ, Carpentier R, Lantier I, Ducournau C, Fasquelle F, Dimier-Poisson I, Betbeder D. Protein delivery by porous cationic maltodextrin-based nanoparticles into nasal mucosal cells: Comparison with cationic or anionic nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100001. [PMID: 31545856 PMCID: PMC6733295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2018.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied as delivery systems for proteins into nasal mucosal cells, especially for vaccine applications. Such a nanocarrier must have the ability to be loaded with proteins and to transport this payload into mucosal cells. However, comparative data on nanoparticles' capacity for protein loading, efficiency of subsequent endocytosis and the quantity of nanocarriers used are either lacking or contradictory, making comparisons and the choice of a best candidate difficult. Here we compared 5 types of nanoparticles with different surface charge (anionic or cationic) and various inner compositions as potential vectors: the NPL (cationic maltodextrin NP with an anionic lipid core), cationic and anionic PLGA (Poly Lactic co-Glycolic Acid) NP, and cationic and anionic liposomes. We first quantified the protein association efficiency and NPL associated the largest amount of ovalbumin, used as a model protein. In vitro, the delivery of fluorescently-labeled ovalbumin into mucosal cells (airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophages) was assessed by flow cytometry and revealed that the NPL delivered protein to the greatest extent in all 3 different cell lines. Taken together, these data underlined the potential of the porous and cationic maltodextrin-based NPL as efficient protein delivery systems to mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quan Lê
- Inserm, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
- Univ Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 045 Lille, France
- CHRU de Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Inserm, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
- Univ Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 045 Lille, France
- CHRU de Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - François Fasquelle
- Inserm, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
- Univ Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 045 Lille, France
- CHRU de Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
| | | | - Didier Betbeder
- Inserm, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
- Univ Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 045 Lille, France
- CHRU de Lille, LIRIC – UMR 995, F-59 000 Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, 62300 Lens, France
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40
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Kong Q, Kitaoka M, Tahara Y, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Goto M. Solid-in-oil nanodispersions for intranasal vaccination: Enhancement of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118777. [PMID: 31678377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
En masse vaccination is a promising strategy for combatting infectious diseases. Intranasal vaccination is a viable route of mass vaccination, and it could be performed easily via needle-free administration. However, it is not widely used because it tends not to evoke sufficient immunity. The aim of the present study was to improve the performance of intranasal vaccination by extending the amount of time that administered antigens remain in the nasal cavity, and enhancing immune responses via a nanocarrier-based adjuvant. A simple and safe solid-in-oil (S/O) system was investigated as a nanocarrier in intranasal vaccination. S/O nanodispersions are oil-based dispersions of antigens coated with surfactants. Because of the mucoadhesive capacities of surfactant and oil they have high potential to extend the amount of time that administered antigens remain in the nasal cavity, and can induce strong immune responses due to a nanocarrier-based adjuvant effect. In nasal absorption experiments antigens administered intranasally via S/O nanodispersions remained in the nasal cavity longer and induced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses. Histopathology analysis indicated that S/O nanodispersions did not modify the nasal epithelium or cilia, suggesting non-toxicity of the carrier. These results indicate the potential of intranasal vaccination using S/O nanodispersions for future vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Kong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Momoko Kitaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Center, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Center, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Center, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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41
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Valli E, Harriett AJ, Nowakowska MK, Baudier RL, Provosty WB, McSween Z, Lawson LB, Nakanishi Y, Norton EB. LTA1 is a safe, intranasal enterotoxin-based adjuvant that improves vaccine protection against influenza in young, old and B-cell-depleted (μMT) mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15128. [PMID: 31641151 PMCID: PMC6805908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxin-based adjuvants including cholera toxin and heat-labile toxin (LT) are powerful manipulators of mucosal immunity; however, past clinical trials identified unacceptable neurological toxicity when LT or mutant AB5 adjuvant proteins were added to intranasal vaccines. Here, we examined the isolated enzymatic A1 domain of LT (LTA1) for intranasal safety and efficacy in combination with influenza (flu) vaccination. LTA1-treated mice exhibited no neurotoxicity, as measured by olfactory system testing and H&E staining of nasal tissue in contrast with cholera toxin. In vaccination studies, intranasal LTA1 enhanced immune responses to inactivated virus antigen and subsequent protection against H1N1 flu challenge in mice (8-week or 24-months). In addition, lung H1N1 viral titers post-challenge correlated to serum antibody responses; however, enhanced protection was also observed in μMT mice lacking B-cells while activation and recruitment of CD4 T-cells into the lung was apparent. Thus, we report that LTA1 protein is a novel, safe and effective enterotoxin adjuvant that improves protection of an intranasal flu vaccination by a mechanism that does not appear to require B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - A J Harriett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - M K Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - R L Baudier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - W B Provosty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Z McSween
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - L B Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Y Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - E B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
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Elicitation of Th1/Th2 related responses in mice by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Brucella abortus malate dehydrogenase, outer membrane proteins 10 and 19. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 310:151362. [PMID: 31676233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. is the causative agent of brucellosis, one of the worldwide diseases. The pathogen infects humans and animals mainly through the digestive or respiratory tract. Therefore, induction of mucosal immunity is required as the first line of defense. In this study, three Brucella abortus recombinant proteins, malate dehydrogenase (rMdh), outer membrane proteins (rOmp) 10 and 19 were loaded in mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and induction of mucosal and systemic immunity were investigated after intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice. These antigens were also coimmunized as cocktail (rCocktail) to evaluate multiple antigen specific vaccine candidates. At 6-weeks post-immunization (wpi), antigen specific total IgG was increased in all of the immunized groups, predominantly IgG1. In addition, spleenocyte from rMdh-, rOmp19-, and rCocktail-immunized groups significantly produced IFN-γ and IL-4 suggesting the induction of a mixed Th1-Th2 response. For mucosal immunity, anti-Mdh IgA from nasal washes and fecal excretions, and anti-Omps IgA from sera, nasal washes, genital secretions and fecal excretions were significantly increased in single antigen immunized groups. In the rCocktail-immunized group, anti-Mdh IgA were significantly increased while anti-Omps IgA was not. Collectively, this study indicates that comprise of B. abortus antigen-loaded CNs elicited the antigen-specific IgA with a Th2-polarized immune responses and combination of the highly immunogenic antigens elicited IgG specific to each type of antigen.
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Abstract
Recent studies on vaccine delivery systems are exploring the possibility of replacing liquid vaccines with solid dose vaccines due to the many advantages that solid dose vaccines can offer. These include the prospect of a needle-free vaccine delivery system leading to better patient compliance, cold chain storage, less-trained vaccinators and fewer chances for needle stick injury hazards. Some studies also indicate that vaccines in a solid dosage form can result in a higher level of immunogenicity compared to the liquid form, thus providing a dose-sparing effect. This review outlines the different approaches in solid vaccine delivery using various routes of administration including, oral, pulmonary, intranasal, buccal, sublingual, and transdermal routes. The various techniques and their current advancements will provide a knowledge base for future work to be carried out in this arena.
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Ugra D, Jain K, Gupta P. 50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Vaccination by the Intranasal Route. J Pediatr 2019; 213:95. [PMID: 31561781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ugra
- Department of Pediatrics, Lilawati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Krati Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Lilawati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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45
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Sachan N, Bahadur S, Sharma PK. Recent Advances and Novel Approaches for Nose to Brain Drug Delivery for Treatment of Migraine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303109666190508083142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nasal drug delivery has been used since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational
purposes. For the last decades, nasal drug delivery has been extended for drug delivery to the
brain. Therefore, it is important to understand the several physiological and physicochemical factors of
the nose for brain drug delivery.
Objective:
A major highlight of the present review article is the several aspects of the nose to brain delivery
for migraine treatment. This review will help to understand different factors which are needed to
be considered for intra-nasal formulations to achieve the desired therapeutic effects.
Method:
There are different drug delivery routes available for migraine treatment. Nasal route of administration
may be optimal for migraine treatment which has better drug concentration in the brain.
These approaches may be associated with limiting the adverse effects of drug therapeutics.
Results:
A list of total FDA approved approaches has been provided. Novel approaches used for drug
targeting to get maximum drug concentration in the brain have been highlighted. Several novel drug
delivery approaches such as nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, microspheres, etc. have been reported and better
therapeutic effects have been observed. Among the novel approaches, some of them are currently
under either Phase II or Phase III development but may prove to offer better clinical effects. These approaches
would become the alternate choice for migraine treatment with patients experiencing symptoms
consistent with gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with migraine.
Conclusion:
Intra-nasal administration of drugs for migraine treatment may offer an interesting alternative
for achieving therapeutic effects of drugs which are comparable to the parenteral route. Nasal drug
delivery can be an alternative route of drug administration for migraine treatment to achieve better
bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sachan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Magadan S, Jouneau L, Boudinot P, Salinas I. Nasal Vaccination Drives Modifications of Nasal and Systemic Antibody Repertoires in Rainbow Trout. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1480-1492. [PMID: 31413108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bony fish represent the most basal vertebrate branch with a dedicated mucosal immune system, which comprises immunologically heterogeneous microenvironments armed with innate and adaptive components. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was recently described as a diffuse network of myeloid and lymphoid cells located in the olfactory organ of fish. Several studies have demonstrated high levels of protection conferred by nasal vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed protection are not well understood. We applied 5'RACE and a deep sequencing-based approach to investigate the clonal structure of the systemic and mucosal rainbow trout B cell repertoire. The analysis of Ig repertoire in control trout suggests different structures of IgM and IgT spleen and NALT repertoires, with restricted repertoire diversity in NALT. Nasal and injection vaccination with a bacterial vaccine revealed unique dynamics of IgM and IgT repertoires at systemic and mucosal sites and the remarkable ability of nasal vaccines to induce spleen Ig responses. Our findings provide an important immunological basis for the effectiveness of nasal vaccination in fish and other vertebrate animals and will help the design of future nasal vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Magadan
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain; and
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center of Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
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Gonçalves VM, Kaneko K, Solórzano C, MacLoughlin R, Saleem I, Miyaji EN. Progress in mucosal immunization for protection against pneumococcal pneumonia. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:781-792. [PMID: 31305196 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1643719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections are the fourth cause of death worldwide and pneumococcus is the leading cause of pneumonia. Nonetheless, existing pneumococcal vaccines are less effective against pneumonia than invasive diseases and serotype replacement is a major concern. Protein antigens could induce serotype-independent protection, and mucosal immunization could offer local and systemic immune responses and induce protection against pneumococcal colonization and lung infection. Areas covered: Immunity induced in the experimental human pneumococcal carriage model, approaches to address the physiological barriers to mucosal immunization and improve delivery of the vaccine antigens, different strategies already tested for pneumococcal mucosal vaccination, including live recombinant bacteria, nanoparticles, bacterium-like particles, and nanogels as well as, nasal, pulmonary, sublingual and oral routes of vaccination. Expert opinion: The most promising delivery systems are based on nanoparticles, bacterial-like particles or nanogels, which possess greater immunogenicity than the antigen alone and are considered safer than approaches based on living cells or toxoids. These particles can protect the antigen from degradation, eliminating the refrigeration need during storage and allowing the manufacture of dry powder formulations. They can also increase antigen uptake, control release of antigen and trigger innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kan Kaneko
- b School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons Building , Liverpool , UK
| | - Carla Solórzano
- c Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- d Science Department and Clinical Department, Aerogen Ltd., IDA Business Park , Galway , Ireland
| | - Imran Saleem
- b School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons Building , Liverpool , UK
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48
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Foamy matters: an update on Quillaja saponins and their use as immunoadjuvants. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1485-1499. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoadjuvant Quillaja spp. tree saponins stimulate both cellular and humoral responses, significantly widening vaccine target pathogen spectra. Host toxicity of specific saponins, fractions and extracts may be rather low and further reduced using lipid-based delivery systems. Saponins contain a hydrophobic central aglycone decorated with several sugar residues, posing a challenge for viable chemical synthesis. These, however, may provide simpler analogs. Saponin chemistry affords characteristic interactions with cell membranes, which are essential for its mechanism of action. Natural sources include Quillaja saponaria barks and, more recently, Quillaja brasiliensis leaves. Sustainable large-scale supply can use young plants grown in clonal gardens and elicitation treatments. Quillaja genomic studies will most likely buttress future synthetic biology-based saponin production efforts.
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Wallis J, Shenton DP, Carlisle RC. Novel approaches for the design, delivery and administration of vaccine technologies. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:189-204. [PMID: 30963549 PMCID: PMC6468175 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is easy to argue that vaccine development represents humankind's most important and successful endeavour, such is the impact that vaccination has had on human morbidity and mortality over the last 200 years. During this time the original method of Jenner and Pasteur, i.e. that of injecting live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, has been developed and supplemented with a wide range of alternative approaches which are now in clinical use or under development. These next-generation technologies have been designed to produce a vaccine that has the effectiveness of the original live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, but without the associated risks and limitations. Indeed, the method of development has undoubtedly moved away from Pasteur's three Is paradigm (isolate, inactivate, inject) towards an approach of rational design, made possible by improved knowledge of the pathogen-host interaction and the mechanisms of the immune system. These novel vaccines have explored methods for targeted delivery of antigenic material, as well as for the control of release profiles, so that dosing regimens can be matched to the time-lines of immune system stimulation and the realities of health-care delivery in dispersed populations. The methods by which vaccines are administered are also the subject of intense research in the hope that needle and syringe dosing, with all its associated issues regarding risk of injury, cross-infection and patient compliance, can be replaced. This review provides a detailed overview of new vaccine vectors as well as information pertaining to the novel delivery platforms under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wallis
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - D. P. Shenton
- Defence Science and Technology LaboratoryPorton DownUK
| | - R. C. Carlisle
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Namvarpour M, Tebianian M, Mansouri R, Ebrahimi SM, Kashkooli S. Comparison of different immunization routes on the immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6/CFP-10 recombinant protein. Biologicals 2019; 59:6-11. [PMID: 31014910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to some difficulties against tuberculosis (TB) vaccination, development of new TB vaccines has been noted in recent years. Selection of proper route for vaccination is one of the most important factors for induction of good immune responses. Hence, in this study, the effects of different administration routes, including intranasal (I.N), subcutaneous (S.C) and intramuscular (I.M) on immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6/CFP-10 recombinant protein has been considered. Recombinant ESAT-6/CFP-10 protein with or without adjuvant (MF59 or cholera toxin B (CTB)) was administered by three routes of I.M, I.N and S.C to mice for three times. Then, the levels of specific antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ/IL-5 cytokine profile have been carried out to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses. The results showed that the titers of specific antibodies were quickly elevated in S.C and I.M groups after first immunization. Otherwise, the raise of antibody has delay in the I.N immunized animals. The levels of IFN-γ and lymphocyte proliferation have been increased in all of vaccinated groups. However, the I.N immunized mice have lower levels of IL-5 production. Based on our finding, the ESAT-6/CFP-10 recombinant protein is a potent stimulator of immune responses in all of three immunization strategies. However intranasal administration of this antigen has tended to reinforcement of cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Namvarpour
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Tebianian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-3651, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Kashkooli
- - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
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