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Ramsay E, Montaser AB, Niitsu K, Urtti A, Auriola S, Huttunen KM, Uchida Y, Kidron H, Terasaki T. Transporter Protein Expression of Corneal Epithelium in Rabbit and Porcine: Evaluation of Models for Ocular Drug Transport Study. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3204-3217. [PMID: 38809137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The transcorneal route is the main entry route for drugs to the intraocular parts, after topical administration. The outer surface, the corneal epithelium (CE), forms the rate-limiting barrier for drug permeability. Information about the role and protein expression of drug and amino acid transporter proteins in the CE is sparse and lacking. The aim of our study was to characterize transporter protein expression in rabbit and porcine CE to better understand potential drug and nutrient absorption after topical administration. Proteins, mainly Abc and Slc transporters, were characterized with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics and global untargeted proteomics methods. In the rabbit CE, 24 of 48 proteins were detected in the targeted approach, and 21 of these were quantified. In the porcine CE, 26 of 58 proteins were detected in the targeted approach, and 20 of these were quantified. Among these, 15 proteins were quantified in both animals: 4f2hc (Slc3a2), Aqp0, Asct1 (Slc1a4), Asct2 (Slc1a5), Glut1 (Slc2a1), Hmit (Slc2a13), Insr, Lat1 (Slc7a5), Mct1 (Slc16a1), Mct2 (Slc16a7), Mct4 (Slc16a3), Mrp 4 (Abcc4), Na+/K+-ATPase, Oatp3a1 (Slco3a1), and Snat2 (Slc38a2). Overall, the global proteomics results supported the targeted proteomics results. Organic anion transporting polypeptide Oatp3a1 was detected and quantified for the first time in both rabbit (1.4 ± 0.4 fmol/cm2) and porcine (11.1 ± 5.3 fmol/cm2) CE. High expression levels were observed for L-type amino acid transporter, Lat1, which was quantified with newly selected extracellular domain peptides in rabbit (48.9 ± 11.8 fmol/cm2) and porcine (37.6 ± 11.5 fmol/cm2) CE. The knowledge of transporter protein expression in ocular barriers is a key factor in the successful design of new ocular drugs, pharmacokinetic modeling, understanding ocular diseases, and the translation to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kanako Niitsu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Department of Molecular Systems Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Jin Park Y, Wuk Kim D. Development and evaluation of hot-melt-extruded diquafosol tetrasodium formulations for ophthalmic inserts: A design of experiments approach. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124249. [PMID: 38772496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop, optimize, and evaluate hot-melt-extruded ophthalmic inserts capable of sustained release of diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS) via a design of experiments approach. DQS, a tear stimulant for dry eye management, faces challenges of frequent administration and low bioavailability. The developed insert uses biodegradable polymers in varied proportions to achieve sustained release. Optimized through mixture design, the insert completely dissolved within 24 h and maintained a stable drug content, thickness, and surface pH over three months at room temperature. In vitro corneal permeation studies on excised rabbit corneas demonstrated increased bioavailability, suggesting a reduced dosing frequency compared with conventional eye drops. Therefore, this insert has potential to enhance treatment outcomes by improving patient compliance and providing sustained drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Park
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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3
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Mentek M, Peyret B, Zouari S, Urbaniak S, Papillon JM, Crouzet E, Perrache C, Hodin S, Delavenne X, He Z, Gain P, Thuret G. Design and validation of a custom-made system to measure transepithelial electrical impedance in human corneas preserved in active storage machine. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100234. [PMID: 38374874 PMCID: PMC10875219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelial barrier represents one of the major limitations to ocular drug delivery and can be explored non-invasively through the evaluation of its electrical properties. Human corneas stored in active storage machine (ASM) could represent an interesting physiological model to explore transcorneal drug penetration. We designed a new system adapted to human corneas preserved in ASM to explore corneal epithelial barrier function ex-vivo. A bipolar set-up including Ag/AgCl electrodes adaptors to fit the corneal ASM and a dedicated software was designed and tested on freshly excised porcine corneas (n = 59) and human corneas stored 14 days in ASM (n = 6). Porcine corneas presented significant and proportional decrease in corneal impedance in response to increasing-size epithelial ulcerations and acute exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) 0.01 and 0.05%. Human corneas stored 14 days in ASM presented a significant increase in corneal impedance associated with the restoration of a multi-layer epithelium and an enhanced expression of tight junctions markers zonula occludens 1, claudin 1 and occludin. These results support the relevance of the developed approach to pursue the exploration and development of human corneas stored in ASM as a physiological pharmacological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Mentek
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benjamin Peyret
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Siwar Zouari
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sébastien Urbaniak
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Marie Papillon
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Papillon Engineering, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Crouzet
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chantal Perrache
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sophie Hodin
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, Campus Santé Innovations, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, Campus Santé Innovations, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Jean Monnet, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
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Tighsazzadeh M, Boateng J. Matrix hyaluronic acid and bilayer poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-hyaluronic acid films as potential ocular drug delivery platforms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129496. [PMID: 38244742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to design hydrogel based films comprising hyaluronic acid (HA) to overcome limitations of currently used eye drops. Timolol-loaded crosslinked (X2) HA-based and bilayer (B2) (pHEMA/PVP-HA-based layers) films were designed and characterized. The films were transparent (UV, visual observation) with crosslinked (<80 %) films showing lower light transmittance than bilayer (>80 %) films. X2 showed significantly higher swelling capacity, tensile strength and elastic modulus (5491.6 %, 1539.8 Nmm-2, 1777.2 mPa) than B2 (1905.0 %, 170.0N mm-2, 67.3 mPa) respectively. However, X2 showed lower cumulative drug released and adhesive force (27.3 %, 6.2 N) than B2 (57.5 %, 8.6 N). UV sterilization did not significantly alter physical properties, while SEM and IR microscopy showed smooth surface morphology and homogeneous drug distribution. Timolol permeation (EpiCorneal™/porcine cornea) depended on the film matrix with erodible films showing similar permeation to commercial eyedrops. Drug permeation for porcine cornea (X2 = 549.0.2, B2 = 312.1 μgcm-2 h-1) was significantly faster than EpiCorneal™ (X2 = 55.2, B2 = 37.6 μgcm-2 h-1), but with a linear correlation between them. All the selected optimized films showed acceptable compatibility (MTT assay) with both HeLa cells and EpiCorneal™. In conclusion, crosslinked and bilayer HA based films showed ideal characteristics suitable for potential ocular drug delivery, though further work is required to further optimize these properties and confirm their efficacy including in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tighsazzadeh
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Joshua Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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5
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Toffoletto N, Salema-Oom M, Nicoli S, Pescina S, González-Fernández FM, Pinto CA, Saraiva JA, Alves de Matos AP, Vivero-Lopez M, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G, Saramago B, Serro AP. Dexamethasone phosphate and penetratin co-eluting contact lenses: a strategy to enhance ocular drug permeability. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123685. [PMID: 38072146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) have been suggested as drug delivery platforms capable of increasing the drug residence time on the cornea and therefore its bioavailability. However, when targeting the posterior segment of the eye, the drug released from CLs still encounters the barrier effect of the ocular tissues, which considerably reduces the efficacy of administration. This work aims at the development of CLs able to simultaneously deliver an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and a cell-penetrating peptide (penetratin), the latter acting as a drug carrier across the tissues. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels were functionalized with acrylic acid (AAc) and/or aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) to serve as CL materials with increased affinity for the drug and peptide. APMA-functionalized hydrogels sustained the dual release for 8 h, which is compatible with the wearing time of daily CLs. Hydrogels demonstrated suitable light transmittance, swelling capacity and in vitro biocompatibility. The anti-inflammatory activity of the drug was not compromised by the presence of the peptide nor by sterilization. The ocular distribution of the drug after 6 h of CL wearing was evaluated in vivo in rabbits and revealed that the amount of drug in the cornea and aqueous humor significantly increased when the drug was co-delivered with penetratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toffoletto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sara Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Felipe M González-Fernández
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - António P Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
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6
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Binkhathlan Z, Ali R, Alomrani AH, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A, Lavasanifar A. Role of Polymeric Micelles in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Overview of Decades of Research. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5359-5382. [PMID: 37769017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery to the eye through conventional means has faced many challenges due to three essential barriers: (a) the complex structure of the cornea limiting drug absorption, (b) the capacity of ocular absorptive cells in drug metabolism, and (c) the washing effect of eye tears. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been the focus of much interest for ocular drug delivery due to several advantages they provide for this application, including the capacity for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, nonirritability, nanoscopic diameter, and the clarity of their aqueous solution not interfering with vision. The potential to increase the release and residence time of incorporated medication at the site of absorption is also a bonus advantage for these delivery systems. This Review covers research conducted on single or mixed micelles prepared from small amphiphilic molecules, copolymers (diblock, triblock, and graft), and gel systems containing micelles. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the status of micellar ocular delivery systems for different indications, with a focus on preclinical and clinical drug development. In this context, we are discussing the anatomy of the eye, various ocular barriers, different micellar formulations, and their benefits in ocular drug delivery, as well as the role of PMs in the management of ocular diseases both in preclinical models and in clinic. The encouraging preclinical effectiveness findings from experiments conducted in both laboratory settings and live animals have paved the way for the advancement of micellar systems in clinical trials for ocular administration and the first nanomicallar formulation approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (marketed as Cequa by Sun Pharmaceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Binkhathlan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Alomrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
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Agarwal P, Rupenthal ID. Non-aqueous formulations in topical ocular drug delivery - a paradigm shift? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114867. [PMID: 37178927 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Topical eyedrop application is the preferred route for drug delivery to anterior segment tissues; however, the challenge of overcoming the eye's anatomical and physiological barriers while minimising tissue toxicity has restricted developments in this field. Aqueous vehicles have traditionally been used, which typically require several additives and preservatives to achieve physiologically compatible and sterile eyedrops, elevating their toxicity potential. Non-aqueous vehicles have been suggested as efficient alternatives for topical drug delivery as they can address many of the limitations associated with conventional aqueous eyedrops. However, despite their obvious advantages, non-aqueous eyedrops remain poorly researched and few non-aqueous formulations are currently available in the market. This review challenges the conventional hypothesis that aqueous solubility is a prerequisite to ocular drug absorption and establishes a rationale for using non-aqueous vehicles for ocular drug delivery. Recent advances in the field have been detailed and future research prospects have been explored, pointing towards a paradigm shift in eyedrop formulation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Agarwal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Józsa L, Nemes D, Pető Á, Kósa D, Révész R, Bácskay I, Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G. Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041146. [PMID: 37111632 PMCID: PMC10144798 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability assessment in the development phase of a drug product is vital to reveal the disadvantageous properties of the substance and the possible technological interventions. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies provide strong evidence for drug approval applications. Human and animal studies must be designed on the basis of preliminary biorelevant experiments in vitro and ex vivo. In this article, the authors have reviewed the recent methods and techniques from the last decade that are in use for assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules and the effects of technological modifications and drug delivery systems. Four main administration routes were selected: oral, transdermal, ocular, and nasal or inhalation. Three levels of methodologies were screened for each category: in vitro techniques with artificial membranes; cell culture, including monocultures and co-cultures; and finally, experiments where tissue or organ samples were used. Reproducibility, predictability, and level of acceptance by the regulatory organizations are summarized for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Józsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Révész
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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9
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Račić A, Krajišnik D. Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020470. [PMID: 36839790 PMCID: PMC9962975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use of biopolymers in liquid ophthalmic preparations has numerous advantages, such as increasing the viscosity of the tear film, exhibiting bioadhesive properties, and resisting the drainage system, leading to prolonged retention of the preparation at the site of application, and improvement of the therapeutic effect. Some mucoadhesive polymers are multifunctional excipients, so they act by different mechanisms on increasing the permeability of the cornea. Additionally, many hydrophilic biopolymers can also represent the active substances in artificial tear preparations, due to their lubrication and moisturizing effect. With the modification of conventional ophthalmic preparations, there is a need for development of new methods for their characterization. Numerous methods for the assessment of mucoadhesiveness have been suggested by the literature. This review gives an overview related to the development of mucoadhesive liquid ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of dry eye and allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelka Račić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Banja Luka-Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-395-1359
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Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, González Iglesias LG, Rodilla V, Kalia YN, López-Castellano A. Biodistribution of progesterone in the eye after topical ocular administration via drops or inserts. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122453. [PMID: 36455753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (PG) has been shown to have a slowing effect on photoreceptor cell death in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa when administered orally. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ophthalmically administered progesterone was able to reach neuroretina and thus, the distribution through ocular tissues of different PG formulations was studied. The effect of different initial PG concentration was also investigated. Different formulations with PG in their composition (drops, a corneal/scleral-insert and scleral-inserts) were prepared and assayed. Using whole porcine eyes, the different formulations were topically administered to the ocular surface. Frozen eyes were dissected, the PG in each tissue was extracted in acetonitrile and the amount of PG quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Our results show that after topical administration, PG diffuses from the ocular surface and distributes throughout all tissues of the eye. Lower levels of PG were found in sclera, choroid and neuroretina when PG was applied as drops compared to inserts. Our results also show that an increase in the initial PG concentrations applied, resulted in a statistically significant increase in the amounts of PG in aqueous humour, sclera, choroid and neuroretina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián M Alambiaga-Caravaca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura G González Iglesias
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, CMU-1, rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vicent Rodilla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, CMU-1, rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Preparation and evaluation of ascorbyl glucoside and ascorbic acid solid in oil nanodispersions for corneal epithelial wound healing. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122227. [PMID: 36155791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an effective topical formulation to promote corneal epithelial wound healing. Ascorbyl glucoside (AA-2G), a stable prodrug of AA, was formulated in solid in oil (S/O) nanodispersions by emulsifying AA-2G solutions in cyclohexane using Span 85 as an emulsifying agent and freeze-drying emulsions to produce AA-2G - surfactant complex. The complexes were then dispersed in castor oil to produce S/O nanodispersions which were evaluated in terms of their particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, physical stability as well as the transcorneal permeation and accumulation of AA-2G. The same preparation procedure was used to prepare S/O nanodispersions of AA. S/O nanodispersions of AA and AA-2G were formulated into oily drops that were tested for efficacy in promoting wound healing after corneal epithelial depredation. AA-2G was loaded efficiently in S/O nanodispersions (EE > 99%) in the form of spherical nanoparticles. S/O nanodispersions were physically stable and resulted in improved permeation (18x) and accumulation (7x) of AA-2G in transcorneal diffusion experiments in comparison to AA-2G solutions. Oily eye drops of AA-2G and AA showed no irritation and significant improvement in epithelial healing in vivo in comparison to AA-2G and AA solutions.
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12
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Szalai B, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Kovács A, Berkó S, Balogh GT, Katona G, Budai-Szűcs M. Design and Optimization of In Situ Gelling Mucoadhesive Eye Drops Containing Dexamethasone. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090561. [PMID: 36135271 PMCID: PMC9498616 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor bioavailability of eye drops is a well-known issue, which can be improved by increasing the residence time on the eye surface and the penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This study aims to formulate in situ gelling mucoadhesive ophthalmic preparations. To increase the residence time, the formulations were based on a thermosensitive polymer (Poloxamer 407 (P407)) and were combined with two types of mucoadhesive polymers. Dexamethasone (DXM) was solubilized by complexation with cyclodextrins (CD). The effect of the composition on the gel structure, mucoadhesion, dissolution, and permeability was investigated with 33 full factorial design. These parameters of the gels were measured by rheological studies, tensile test, dialysis membrane diffusion, and in vitro permeability assay. The dissolution and permeability of the gels were also compared with DXM suspension and CD-DXM solution. The gelation is strongly determined by P407; however, the mucoadhesive polymers also influenced it. Mucoadhesion increased with the polymer concentration. The first phase of drug release was similar to that of the CD-DXM solution, then it became prolonged. The permeability of DXM was significantly improved. The factorial design helped to identify the most important factors, thereby facilitating the formulation of a suitable carrier for the CD-DXM complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Szalai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Tibor Balogh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Quay 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-6254-5573
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13
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Zhong C, Wanasathop A, Shi Z, Ananthapadmanabhan K, Li SK. Evaluation of in vitro cornea models for quantifying destructive effects of chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105462. [PMID: 36031007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are available as alternatives for the Draize eye irritation test. However, most of the alternative models are not quantitative nor designed to evaluate the effects of chemicals on the corneal barrier such as those encountered in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The objective of the present study was to investigate tissue electrical resistance to provide sensitive in vitro testing of tissue alteration caused by chemicals in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations as a potential eye irritation testing approach. The experimental protocols for effective tissue resistance measurements were examined using two in vitro eye models: porcine cornea and EpiCorneal. In these models, a test chemical was applied to the cornea or EpiCorneal tissue for 1 min, and tissue resistances/conductances were measured at 1-60 min after the application. The changes in conductance of the tissues after exposure to the chemicals were shown to provide quantitative evaluations to the influence of the chemicals. A correlation was found between the two in vitro models. The results suggest that these models can provide quantitative in vitro assessments of chemical formulations such as those prepared by eye-irritating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Apipa Wanasathop
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Kavssery Ananthapadmanabhan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America.
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Design of Topical Moxifloxacin Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsion for the Management of Ocular Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061246. [PMID: 35745818 PMCID: PMC9228176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular bacterial infections can lead to serious visual disability without proper treatment. Moxifloxacin (MOX) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a monotherapy for ocular bacterial infections and is available commercially as an ophthalmic solution (0.5% w/v). However, precorneal retention, drainage, and low bioavailability remain the foremost challenges associated with current commercial eyedrops. With this study, we aimed to design a MOX-loaded nanoemulsion (NE; MOX-NE) with mucoadhesive agents (MOX-NEM) to sustain MOX release, as well as to overcome the potential drawbacks of the current commercial ophthalmic formulation. MOX-NE and MOX-NEM formulations were prepared by hot homogenization coupled with probe sonication technique and subsequently characterized. The lead formulations were further evaluated for in vitro release, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, sterilization, and antimicrobial efficacy studies. Commercial MOX ophthalmic solution was used as a control. The lead formulations showed the desired physicochemical properties and viscosity. All lead formulations showed sustained release profiles a period of more than 12 h. Filtered and autoclaved lead formulations were stable for one month (the last time point tested) under refrigeration and at room temperature. Ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies revealed a 2.1-fold improvement in MOX permeation of the lead MOX-NE formulation compared with Vigamox® eyedrops. However, MOX-NEM formulations showed similar flux and permeability coefficients to those of Vigamox® eyedrops. The lead formulations showed similar in vitro antibacterial activity as the commercial eyedrops and crude drug solution. Therefore, MOX-NE and MOX-NEM formulations could serve as effective delivery vehicles for MOX and could improve treatment outcomes in different ocular bacterial infections.
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15
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Bhandari M, Nguyen S, Yazdani M, Utheim TP, Hagesaether E. The Therapeutic Benefits of Nanoencapsulation in Drug Delivery to the Anterior Segment of the Eye: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903519. [PMID: 35645827 PMCID: PMC9136980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for ocular administration, concerns are being raised about a possible mismatch between potential promises made by the field of nanoparticle research and demonstration of actual therapeutic benefit. Therefore, the primary focus of this present review was to critically assess to what extent nanoencapsulation of ocular drugs improved the therapeutic outcome when treating conditions in the anterior segment of the eye. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases as well as Google Scholar for published peer-reviewed articles in English focusing on conventional nanoparticles used as drug delivery systems to the anterior segment of the eye in in vivo studies. The major therapeutic outcomes were intraocular pressure, tear secretion, number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and pupil size. The outcome after encapsulation was compared to the non-encapsulated drug. Results: From the search, 250 results were retrieved. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Rabbits were used as study subjects in all but one study, and the number of animals ranged from 3 to 10. Coated and uncoated liposomes, lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, as well as micelles, were studied, varying in both particle size and surface charge, and encapsulating a total of 24 different drugs, including 6 salts. The majority of the in vivo studies demonstrated some improvement after nanoencapsulation, but the duration of the benefit varied from less than 1 h to more than 20 h. The most common in vitro methods performed in the studies were drug release, transcorneal permeation, and mucin interaction. Discussion: Nanoparticles that are small and mucoadhesive, often due to positive surface charge, appeared beneficial. Although in vitro assays can unravel more of the hidden and sophisticated interplay between the encapsulated drug and the nanoparticle structure, they suffered from a lack of in vitro—in vivo correlation. Therefore, more research should be focused towards developing predictive in vitro models, allowing rational design and systematic optimization of ocular nanoparticles with minimal animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Bhandari
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Madhavi Bhandari,
| | - Sanko Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Hagesaether
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Youssef AAA, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Dual Drug Loaded Lipid Nanocarrier Formulations for Topical Ocular Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2283-2299. [PMID: 35611213 PMCID: PMC9124492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s360740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Untreated ocular infections can damage the unique fine structures of the eye with possible visual impairments and blindness. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) ophthalmic solution is prescribed as first-line therapy in ocular bacterial infections. Natamycin (NT) ophthalmic suspension is one of the progenitors in ocular antifungal therapy. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been widely examined for ocular penetration enhancement and distribution to deeper ocular tissues. The objective of the current study was to prepare NLCs loaded with a combination of CIP and NT (CIP-NT-NLCs) and embed them in an in-situ gelling system (CIP-NT-NLCs-IG). This novel formulation will target the co-delivery of CIP and NT for the treatment of mixed ocular infections or as empirical treatment in case of limited access to healthcare diagnostic services. Methods CIP-NT-NLC and CIP-NT-NLC-IG formulations were evaluated based on physicochemical characteristics, in vitro release, and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies and compared against commercial CIP and NT ophthalmic eye drops. Results and Discussion NLCs formulation (0.1% CIP and 0.3% NT) showed particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 196.2 ± 1.2 nm, 0.43 ± 0.06, and −28.1 ± 1.4 mV, respectively. Moreover, CIP-NT-NLCs showed entrapment efficiency of 80.9 ± 2.9 and 98.7 ± 1.9% for CIP and NT, respectively. CIP-NT-NLCs-IGformulation with 0.2% w/v gellan gum demonstrated the most favorable viscoelastic characteristics for ocular application. CIP-NT-NLCs and CIP-NT-NLCs-IG formulations exhibited a sustained release pattern for both drugs over 24 h. Moreover, CIP-NT-NLCs and CIP-NT-NLC-IG formulations showed 4.0- and 2.2-folds, and 5.0- and 2.5-folds enhancement in ex vivo transcorneal permeability of CIP and NT, respectively, compared to the control formulations. Conclusion The results suggest that this dual nanoparticulate-based in-situ gelling drug delivery system can serve as a promising topical delivery platform for the treatment of ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
- Correspondence: Soumyajit Majumdar, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery,School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 113J TCRC West, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA, Tel +1 662 915-3793, Email
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17
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Andreadis II, Karavasili C, Thomas A, Komnenou A, Tzimtzimis M, Tzetzis D, Andreadis D, Bouropoulos N, Fatouros DG. In Situ Gelling Electrospun Ocular Films Sustain the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect of Timolol Maleate: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Pharmacodynamic Assessment. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:274-286. [PMID: 34877863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most common intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction regimens for the management of glaucoma include the topical use of eye drops, a dosage form that is associated with short residence time at the site of action, increased dosing frequency, and reduced patient compliance. In situ gelling nanofiber films comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poloxamer 407 were fabricated via electrospinning for the ocular delivery of timolol maleate (TM), aiming to sustain the IOP-lowering effect of the β-blocker, compared to conventional eye drops. The electrospinning process was optimized, and the physicochemical properties of the developed formulations were thoroughly investigated. The fiber diameters of the drug-loaded films ranged between 123 and 145 nm and the drug content between 5.85 and 7.83% w/w. Total in vitro drug release from the ocular films was attained within 15 min following first-order kinetics, showing higher apparent permeability (Papp) values across porcine corneas compared to the drug's solution. The fabricated films did not induce any ocular irritation as evidenced by both the hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane and the in vivo Draize test. In vivo administration of the ocular films in rabbits induced a faster onset of action and a sustained IOP-lowering effect up to 24 h compared to TM solution, suggesting that the proposed ocular films are promising systems for the sustained topical delivery of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis I Andreadis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR 54124, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR 54124, Greece
| | - Angelos Thomas
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR 54627, Greece
| | - Anastasia Komnenou
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR 54627, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzimtzimis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras GR-26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR 54124, Greece
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18
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Litvin G, Klein I, Litvin Y, Klaiman G, Nyska A. CorNeat KPro: Ocular Implantation Study in Rabbits. Cornea 2021; 40:1165-1174. [PMID: 34351873 PMCID: PMC8330828 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical feasibility and long-term integration of the CorNeat Keratoprosthesis (KPro), a novel synthetic cornea, in rabbits. METHODS The CorNeat KPro is a synthetic corneal implant designed to treat corneal blindness by using a polymeric scaffold for biointegration, consequently assimilating synthetic optics within ocular tissues. Eight New Zealand White rabbits were implanted unilaterally with the CorNeat KPro and observed for 6 months. Animals were regularly monitored by a certified ophthalmologist using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. One animal developed postoperative endophthalmitis and was removed from the study 7 weeks postsurgery. At termination, eyes were enucleated and evaluated histologically to assess local tissue integration and inflammatory response. RESULTS The surgical procedure was found feasible. The CorNeat KPro integrated into all operated eyes, resulting in a retention rate of 87.5% at the conclusion of the 6-month follow-up period. We observed minimal-to-mild conjunctival and iridial congestion and did not find additional inflammatory indicators, such as anterior chamber fibrin, flare, or cells. The optical element of the device remained clear with zero incidence of retroprosthetic membrane formation. Histopathological evaluation revealed comparable tissue and cellular reaction in all eyes, consisting of the presence of fibroblasts and associated collagen fibrils within the device's skirt component. Some eyes showed a mild foreign body reaction surrounding the skirt. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and histological findings indicate the integration of the implanted device into the surrounding tissue, evident by the retention rate and the diffuse infiltration of fibroblasts with collagen deposition among the device's fibrils. These data hold promise for clinical application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ido Klein
- CorNeat Vision Ltd, Raanana, Israel;
| | - Yoav Litvin
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Bellingham, WA
| | - Guy Klaiman
- Envigo CRS (Israel), Ness Ziona, Israel; and
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat and Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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19
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Vincze A, Dargó G, Rácz A, Balogh GT. A corneal-PAMPA-based in silico model for predicting corneal permeability. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114218. [PMID: 34166924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capability to predict corneal permeability based on physicochemical parameters has always been a desirable objective of ophthalmic drug development. However, previous work has been limited to cases where either the diversity of compounds used was lacking or the performance of the models was poor. Our study provides extensive quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for corneal permeability predictions. The models involved in vitro corneal permeability measurements of 189 diverse compounds. Preliminary analysis of data showed that there is no significant correlation between corneal-PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) permeability values and other pharmacokinetically relevant in silico drug transport parameters like Caco-2, jejunal permeability and blood-brain partition coefficient (logBB). Two different QSPR models were developed: one for corneal permeability and one for corneal membrane retention, based on experimental corneal-PAMPA permeability data. Partial least squares regression was applied for producing the models, which contained classical molecular descriptors and ECFP fingerprints in combination. A complex validation protocol (including internal and external validation) was carried out to provide robust and appropriate predictions for the permeability and membrane retention values. Both models had an overall fit of R2 > 0.90, including R2-values not lower than 0.85 for validation runs, and provide quick and accurate predictions of corneal permeability values for a diverse set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vincze
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Dargó
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Rácz
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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20
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Van Meenen J, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Van den Bogerd B, Koppen C. An Overview of Advanced In Vitro Corneal Models: Implications for Pharmacological Testing. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:506-516. [PMID: 33878935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is an important barrier to consider when developing ophthalmic formulations, but proper modeling of this multilayered tissue remains a challenge. This is due to the varying properties associated with each layer in addition to the dynamics of the tear film. Hence, the most representative models to date rely on animals. Animal models, however, differ from humans in several aspects and are subject to ethical limitations. Consequently, in vitro approaches are being developed to address these issues. This review focuses on the barrier properties of the cornea and evaluates the most advanced three-dimensional cultures of human corneal equivalents in literature. Their application potential is subsequently assessed and discussed in the context of preclinical testing along with our perspective toward the future. Impact statement Most ocular drugs are applied topically, with the transcorneal pathway as the main administration route. Animal corneas are currently the only advanced models available, contributing to the drug attrition rate. Anatomical and physiological interspecies differences might account for a poor translatability of preclinical results to clinical trials, urging researchers to devise better corneal equivalents. This review elaborates on the emerging generation of three-dimensional in vitro models, which comprises spheroids, organoids, and organs-on-chips, which can serve as a stepping stone for advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Van Meenen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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21
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Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops - physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105906. [PMID: 34118409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the formulation and the comprehensive evaluation of the viscous eye drops using vehicles containing medium chain chitosan (0.5% w/v), hydroxypropyl guar gum (0.25% w/v) and their combination as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v). Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity and drug content) of the tested formulations were within acceptable ranges for the ophthalmic preparations, while DSC and FT-IR techniques demonstrated the compatibility between olopatadine and polymers. The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro using both HCE-T cell-based models (Model I and Model II) and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), considering the impact of chitosan as a permeation enhancer. The MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations (diluted 10-fold in HBSS pH 5.5) were non-toxic and well tolerated. An ocular itch test on mice was carried out with the formulation containing the combination of polymers comparable with a commercially available olopatadine eye drops without viscosity enhancers. The tested eye drops produced a slightly higher anti-pruritic/analgesic-like effect than the commercial preparation. It could be assumed that the use of this viscous ophthalmic vehicle due to its advanced mucoadhesive properties and good safety profile is a feasible strategy to improve the efficacy of olopatadine.
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22
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Moe B, Berezowski KL, Huang DY, Dey I, Xie L, Ling ZC, Kinniburgh DW. A microelectric cell sensing technique for in vitro assessment of ocular irritation. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105124. [PMID: 33636280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The animal-based Draize test remains the gold standard for assessment of ocular irritation. However, subjective scoring methods, species differences, and animal welfare concerns have spurred development of alternative test methods. In this study, a novel in vitro method for assessing ocular irritancy was developed using a microelectric cell sensing technology, real-time cell analysis (RTCA). The cytotoxicity of sixteen compounds was assessed in two cell lines: ARPE-19 (human retina) and SIRC (rabbit cornea). In vitro inhibitory (IC50 and AUC50) values were determined at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure, with a subset of values confirmed with MTT testing. The values displayed comparable predictivity of in vivo ocular irritation on the basis of a linear regression between the calculated values and each compounds' corresponding Draize-determined modified maximum average score (MMAS), but the ARPE-19 derived values were more strongly correlated than those from SIRC cells. Hence, IC50 values derived from ARPE-19 cells were used to predict the UN GHS/EU CLP classification of each test compound. The method was determined to have sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 50%, and overall concordance of 75%. Thus, RTCA testing may be best incorporated into a top-down tiered testing strategy for identification of ocular irritants in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birget Moe
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Berezowski
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dorothy Yu Huang
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Indranil Dey
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Li Xie
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zong-Chao Ling
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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23
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In vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models for ocular toxicology and ophthalmic drug development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:207-237. [PMID: 33544359 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Testing of all manufactured products and their ingredients for eye irritation is a regulatory requirement. In the last two decades, the development of alternatives to the in vivo Draize eye irritation test method has substantially advanced due to the improvements in primary cell isolation, cell culture techniques, and media, which have led to improved in vitro corneal tissue models and test methods. Most in vitro models for ocular toxicology attempt to reproduce the corneal epithelial tissue which consists of 4-5 layers of non-keratinized corneal epithelial cells that form tight junctions, thereby limiting the penetration of chemicals, xenobiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Also, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of more complex three-dimensional (3D) equivalents to study wound healing, drug permeation, and bioavailability. This review focuses on in vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models and their utilization in ocular toxicology as well as their application to pharmacology and ophthalmic research. Current human 3D corneal epithelial cell culture models have replaced in vivo animal eye irritation tests for many applications, and substantial validation efforts are in progress to verify and approve alternative eye irritation tests for widespread use. The validation of drug absorption models and further development of models and test methods for many ophthalmic and ocular disease applications is required.
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24
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Kakkar S, Singh M, Mohan Karuppayil S, Raut JS, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Schiavone N, Nag TC, Gao N, Yu FSX, Ramzan M, Kaur IP. Lipo-PEG nano-ocular formulation successfully encapsulates hydrophilic fluconazole and traverses corneal and non-corneal path to reach posterior eye segment. J Drug Target 2021; 29:631-650. [PMID: 33410357 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1871483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a special lipid-polyethylene glycol matrix solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs; 138 nm; -2.07 mV) for ocular delivery. Success of this matrix to encapsulate (entrapment efficiency - 62.09%) a hydrophilic drug, fluconazole (FCZ-SLNs), with no burst release (67% release in 24 h) usually observed with most water-soluble drugs, is described presently. The system showed 164.64% higher flux than the marketed drops (Zocon®) through porcine cornea. Encapsulation within SLNs and slow release did not compromise efficacy of FCZ-SLNs. Latter showed in vitro and in vivo antifungal effects, including antibiofilm effects comparable to free FCZ solution. Developed system was safe and stable (even to sterilisation by autoclaving); and showed optimal viscosity, refractive index and osmotic pressure. These SLNs could reach up to retina following application as drops. The mechanism of transport via corneal and non-corneal transcellular pathways is described by fluorescent and TEM images of mice eye cross sections. Particles streamed through the vitreous, crossed inner limiting membrane and reached the outer retinal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kakkar
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Educational Society, Kolhapur, India
| | - Jayant S Raut
- School of Life Sciences, SRTM University Nanded, Nanded, India
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Eye Clinic, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - T C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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25
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García-Posadas L, Diebold Y. Three-Dimensional Human Cell Culture Models to Study the Pathophysiology of the Anterior Eye. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1215. [PMID: 33333869 PMCID: PMC7765302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the establishment of complex three-dimensional (3D) models of tissues has allowed researchers to perform high-quality studies and to not only advance knowledge of the physiology of these tissues but also mimic pathological conditions to test novel therapeutic strategies. The main advantage of 3D models is that they recapitulate the spatial architecture of tissues and thereby provide more physiologically relevant information. The eye is an extremely complex organ that comprises a large variety of highly heterogeneous tissues that are divided into two asymmetrical portions: the anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment consists of the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, sclera, aqueous humor, and the lens. Different diseases in these tissues can have devastating effects. To study these pathologies and develop new treatments, the use of cell culture models is instrumental, and the better the model, the more relevant the results. Thus, the development of sophisticated 3D models of ocular tissues is a significant challenge with enormous potential. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the development of 3D in vitro models of the anterior segment of the eye, with a special focus on those that use human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Rodrigues FSC, Campos A, Martins J, Ambrósio AF, Campos EJ. Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine for Improving Ocular Drug Delivery: Light-Responsive Nanoparticles, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, and Contact Lenses. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6587-6597. [PMID: 33320633 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vision is the most dominant of our senses, and it is crucial in every stage of our lives. Ocular diseases, regardless of whether they cause vision impairment or not, lead to personal and financial hardships. The anatomy and physiology of the eye strongly limit the efficacy of current ocular drug delivery strategies. Nanotechnology has been the ground for the development of powerful strategies in several fields, namely in medicine. This review highlights emerging nanotechnology-based solutions for improving ocular drug delivery and thus the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs. We focus our review on ambitious but promising approaches currently emerging to leverage the efficacy of nanoparticle-based systems in ocular therapy: (i) light-responsive nanoparticles, which enable spatiotemporal control of drug release; (ii) mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which offer high surface area-to-volume ratio, simple surface modification, good biocompatibility, and improved bioavailability; and (iii) contact lenses, which serve as a compliant method of nanoparticles use and as drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S C Rodrigues
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Campos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Leiria E.P.E., 2410-197 Leiria, Portugal.,ciTechCare, Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa J Campos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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El Hoffy NM, Abdel Azim EA, Hathout RM, Fouly MA, Elkheshen SA. Glaucoma: Management and Future Perspectives for Nanotechnology-Based Treatment Modalities. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105648. [PMID: 33227347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, being asymptomatic for relatively late stage, is recognized as a worldwide cause of irreversible vision loss. The eye is an impervious organ that exhibits natural anatomical and physiological barriers which renders the design of an efficient ocular delivery system a formidable task and challenge scientists to find alternative formulation approaches. In the field of glaucoma treatment, smart delivery systems for targeting have aroused interest in the topical ocular delivery field owing to its potentiality to oppress many treatment challenges associated with many of glaucoma types. The current momentum of nano-pharmaceuticals, in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, hold promises for much improved therapies for glaucoma to reduce its impact on vision loss. In this review, a brief about glaucoma; its etiology, predisposing factors and different treatment modalities has been reviewed. The diverse ocular drug delivery systems currently available or under investigations have been presented. Additionally, future foreseeing of new drug delivery systems that may represent potential means for more efficient glaucoma management are overviewed. Finally, a gab-analysis for the required investigation to pave the road for commercialization of ocular novel-delivery systems based on the nano-technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt
| | - Engy A Abdel Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Seham A Elkheshen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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28
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Urwin L, Okurowska K, Crowther G, Roy S, Garg P, Karunakaran E, MacNeil S, Partridge LJ, Green LR, Monk PN. Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis. Cells 2020; 9:E2450. [PMID: 33182687 PMCID: PMC7696224 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Urwin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (L.R.G.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Okurowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (K.O.); (G.C.); (E.K.)
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
| | - Grace Crowther
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (K.O.); (G.C.); (E.K.)
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (S.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Prashant Garg
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (S.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (K.O.); (G.C.); (E.K.)
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luke R. Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (L.R.G.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (L.R.G.); (P.N.M.)
- Sheffield Collaboratorium for Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms (SCARAB), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (S.M.); (L.J.P.)
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29
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Silva D, de Sousa HC, Gil MH, Santos LF, Amaral RA, Saraiva JA, Salema-Oom M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Serro AP, Saramago B. Imprinted hydrogels with LbL coating for dual drug release from soft contact lenses materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111687. [PMID: 33545849 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A combined strategy to control the release of two drugs, one anti-inflammatory (diclofenac sodium, DCF) and one antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride, MXF), from a soft contact lens (SCL) material, was assessed. The material was a silicone-based hydrogel, which was modified by molecular imprinting with MXF and coated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method using natural polyelectrolytes: alginate (ALG), poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronate (HA), crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Imprinting was used to increase the amount of MXF loaded and to sustain its release, while the LbL coating acted as a diffusion barrier for DCF and improved the surface properties. The drugs were loaded by soaking in a DCF + MXF dual solution. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was successfully applied in the sterilization of the drug-loaded hydrogels. The transmittance, refractive index, wettability and ionic permeability of the hydrogels remained within the required levels for SCLs application. The concentrations of the released DCF and MXF stayed above the IC50 and the MIC (for S. aureus and S. epidermidis) values, for 9 and 10 days, respectively. No ocular irritancy was detected by the HET-CAM test. NIH/3T3 cell viability demonstrated that the drug-loaded hydrogels were not toxic, and cell adhesion was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Renata A Amaral
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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30
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Brütsch DR, Hunziker P, Pot S, Tappeiner C, Voelter K. Corneal and scleral permeability of Desmoteplase in different species. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:785-791. [PMID: 32862517 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraocular fibrin clots caused by severe uveitis can be a sight-threatening condition that needs to be resolved quickly and reliably. Intracameral injection of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) is commonly used to resolve intraocular fibrin. However, the drug does not reach fibrinolytic concentrations after topical application. Desmoteplase (DSPA) is a structurally similar but smaller fibrinolytic agent with a higher fibrin selectivity, a longer half-life, and better biocompatibility compared with tPA. This study was designed to evaluate the corneal and scleral permeability of DSPA in rabbits, pigs, dogs, horses, and humans ex vivo. PROCEDURES Corneal and scleral tissues (n = 5 per group) were inserted into Franz-type diffusion chambers and exposed to 1.4 mg/mL DSPA for 30 minutes. Drug concentrations on the receiver side were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Concentrations of DSPA after corneal and scleral permeation through fresh tissues ranged from 0.0 to 16.3 µg/mL and 0.0 to 11.4 µg/mL (rabbits), 0.3 to 5.6 µg/mL and 3.1 to 9.2 µg/mL (dogs), 2.1 to 14.9 µg/mL and 4 to 8.7 µg/mL (horses), and 0.6 to 3 µg/mL and 2.9 to 18.1 µg/mL (pigs), respectively. A concentration of 0.07-12.9 µg/mL DSPA was detectable after diffusion through tissue culture preserved human donor bank corneas (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS Desmoteplase has the ability to permeate both cornea and sclera ex vivo in all species tested. Implications of the ex vivo permeability of DSPA suggest that in vivo permeability may be possible, and if so, it could lead to a novel topical application for lysing fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Brütsch
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hunziker
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Pot
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tappeiner
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Voelter
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Rodilla V, Concheiro A, López-Castellano A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Micelles of Progesterone for Topical Eye Administration: Interspecies and Intertissues Differences in Ex Vivo Ocular Permeability. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080702. [PMID: 32722548 PMCID: PMC7464168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (PG) may provide protection to the retina during retinitis pigmentosa, but its topical ocular supply is hampered by PG poor aqueous solubility and low ocular bioavailability. The development of efficient topical ocular forms must face up to two relevant challenges: Protective barriers of the eyes and lack of validated ex vivo tests to predict drug permeability. The aims of this study were: (i) To design micelles using Pluronic F68 and Soluplus copolymers to overcome PG solubility and permeability; and (ii) to compare drug diffusion through the cornea and sclera of three animal species (rabbit, porcine, and bovine) to investigate interspecies differences. Micelles of Pluronic F68 (3–4 nm) and Soluplus (52–59 nm) increased PG solubility by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively and exhibited nearly a 100% encapsulation efficiency. Soluplus systems showed in situ gelling capability in contrast to the low viscosity Pluronic F68 micelles. The formulations successfully passed the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) test. PG penetration through rabbit cornea and sclera was faster than through porcine or bovine cornea, although the differences were also formulation-dependent. Porcine tissues showed intermediate permeability between rabbit and bovine. Soluplus micelles allowed greater PG accumulation in cornea and sclera whereas Pluronic F68 promoted a faster penetration of lower PG doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián M. Alambiaga-Caravaca
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.A.-C.); (M.A.C.-P.); (V.R.)
| | - María Aracely Calatayud-Pascual
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.A.-C.); (M.A.C.-P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vicent Rodilla
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.A.-C.); (M.A.C.-P.); (V.R.)
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group, Facultad de Farmacia, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.A.-C.); (M.A.C.-P.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.-C.); (C.A.-L.); Tel.: +34-961-369-000 (ext. 64906) (A.L.-C.); +34-881-815-239 (C.A.-L.)
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group, Facultad de Farmacia, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.L.-C.); (C.A.-L.); Tel.: +34-961-369-000 (ext. 64906) (A.L.-C.); +34-881-815-239 (C.A.-L.)
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32
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Begum G, Leigh T, Courtie E, Moakes R, Butt G, Ahmed Z, Rauz S, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Rapid assessment of ocular drug delivery in a novel ex vivo corneal model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11754. [PMID: 32678110 PMCID: PMC7366725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery by topical application has higher patient acceptance and lower morbidity than intraocular injection, but many ophthalmic treatments are unable to enter the eye or reach the posterior segment after topical application. The first stage towards posterior segment delivery after topical application is ocular surface penetration and existing models are in vivo or use large quantities of tissue. We therefore developed a novel ex vivo model using discs of porcine and human cornea and sclera (5 mm diameter) to assess penetration of a candidate neuroprotective siRNA. siRNA against caspase 2 or control solutions of known penetrance were applied to the corneal epithelial surface and trans-corneal penetration and corneal adsorbance measured at fixed time points. To demonstrate that leakage did not occur, we applied dextran blue, which should not penetrate the intact cornea and did not do so in our model. Fluorescein penetration (0.09%) was less than rhodamine B (6.98%) at 60 min. siCASP2 penetration was 0.01% by 60 min. When the applied siCASP2 was washed off after 2 min, (representing lacrimal drainage) 0.071% penetrated porcine cornea by 60 min and 0.0002% penetrated human cornea and 0.001% penetrated human sclera. Our ex vivo model rapidly and cost-effectively assesses transcorneal penetration of candidate topical therapies, allowing rates of trans-corneal penetration for potential therapies such as siRNA to be evaluated with small quantities of human or animal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Begum
- miRNA Diagnostics, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ella Courtie
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gibran Butt
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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33
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Mazet R, Yaméogo JBG, Wouessidjewe D, Choisnard L, Gèze A. Recent Advances in the Design of Topical Ophthalmic Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060570. [PMID: 32575411 PMCID: PMC7356360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is one of the most common symptom of eye disorders and diseases. The therapeutic management of this inflammation must be rapid and effective in order to avoid deleterious effects for the eye and the vision. Steroidal (SAID) and non-steroidal (NSAID) anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressive agents have been shown to be effective in treating inflammation of the ocular surface of the eye by topical administration. However, it is well established that the anatomical and physiological ocular barriers are limiting factors for drug penetration. In addition, such drugs are generally characterized by a very low aqueous solubility, resulting in low bioavailability as only 1% to 5% of the applied drug permeates the cornea. The present review gives an updated insight on the conventional formulations used in the treatment of ocular inflammation, i.e., ointments, eye drops, solutions, suspensions, gels, and emulsions, based on the commercial products available on the US, European, and French markets. Additionally, sophisticated formulations and innovative ocular drug delivery systems will be discussed. Promising results are presented with micro- and nanoparticulated systems, or combined strategies with polymers and colloidal systems, which offer a synergy in bioavailability and sustained release. Finally, different tools allowing the physical characterization of all these delivery systems, as well as in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations, will be considered with regards to the safety, the tolerance, and the efficiency of the drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Mazet
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
- Grenoble University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Denis Wouessidjewe
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Luc Choisnard
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Annabelle Gèze
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-476-63-53-01
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34
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Kutlehria S, Bagde A, Patel N, Singh M. Whole-Eye Perfusion Model for Screening of the Ocular Formulations via Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:307. [PMID: 31515645 PMCID: PMC7749724 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological, anatomical barriers make ocular drug delivery very challenging. Hence, better in vitro screening models are needed for rapid screening of the formulations. In this study, a simple whole-eye perfusion model was designed and its application was explored for screening targeted formulation across the full-thickness cornea using confocal laser scanning microscopy. PEG-cholecalciferol-based integrin targeted coumarin-6 micelles (TC6M) and non-targeted coumarin-6 micelles (NTC6M) were developed by solvent diffusion evaporation technique. The formulations NTC6M and TC6M had particles size 23.5 ± 5 nm and 28.5 ± 6 nm respectively and osmolality of 294-300 mOsml/Kg. The whole-eye perfusion model was developed using porcine eye. TC6M and NTC6M were instilled on the excised porcine eyes as well as in the eyes of NZW rabbits. Corneas were excised from the experimental eyes; coumarin-6 penetration across the corneas was analyzed using confocal microscope. Coumarin-6-loaded micelles had particle size below 50 nm. NTC6M formulations showed penetration to the deeper layers up to 500 μm porcine eyes and up to 50 μm in rabbit corneas. However, TC6M formulations exhibited superior retention, as higher fluorescent intensities were observed in upper layers up to 50 μm depth in the porcine eye and 20 μm depth in rabbit eye. Hence, applicability of whole-eye perfusion model in preliminary screening of the formulations was successfully demonstrated. Whole-eye perfusion model when combined with confocal microscopy has potential to be used as an efficient tool for rapid screening and optimization of various ophthalmic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Kutlehria
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Nilkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA.
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35
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Gupta A, Nayak K, Misra M. Cow ghee fortified ocular topical microemulsion; in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:603-621. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1662121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aashu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kritika Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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36
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Agarwal P, Craig JP, Krösser S, Eickhoff K, Swift S, Rupenthal ID. Topical semifluorinated alkane-based azithromycin suspension for the management of ocular infections. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Moiseev RV, Morrison PWJ, Steele F, Khutoryanskiy VV. Penetration Enhancers in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E321. [PMID: 31324063 PMCID: PMC6681039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 100 recognized disorders of the eye. This makes the development of advanced ocular formulations an important topic in pharmaceutical science. One of the ways to improve drug delivery to the eye is the use of penetration enhancers. These are defined as compounds capable of enhancing drug permeability across ocular membranes. This review paper provides an overview of anatomical and physiological features of the eye and discusses some common ophthalmological conditions and permeability of ocular membranes. The review also presents the analysis of literature on the use of penetration-enhancing compounds (cyclodextrins, chelating agents, crown ethers, bile acids and bile salts, cell-penetrating peptides, and other amphiphilic compounds) in ocular drug delivery, describing their properties and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Moiseev
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Peter W J Morrison
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Fraser Steele
- MC2 Therapeutics, James House, Emlyn Lane, Leatherhead KT22 7EP, UK
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK.
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38
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Gu Y, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhou X, Fang L, Cao F. Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Liposomes and Layered Double Hydroxides Conjugated with Glycylsarcosine for Efficient Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2845-2857. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
- Parexel China Co., Ltd., No.488, Middle Yincheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangying Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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39
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Voelter K, Tappeiner C, Klein K, Borel N, Bruetsch D, Laguna Sanz F, Pot SA. Fibrinolytic Capacity of Desmoteplase Compared to Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Rabbit Eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:66-75. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Voelter
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Equine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tappeiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karina Klein
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Borel
- Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Bruetsch
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Equine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Anton Pot
- Veterinary Ophthalmology, Equine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Corneal-PAMPA: A novel, non-cell-based assay for prediction of corneal drug permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Anguiano-Igea S, Varela-García A, Vivero-Lopez M, Concheiro A. Bioinspired hydrogels for drug-eluting contact lenses. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:49-62. [PMID: 30448434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ocular drug delivery that can overcome the challenges of topical application has been largely pursued. Contact lenses (CLs) may act as light-transparent cornea/sclera bandages for prolonged drug release towards the post-lens tear fluid, if their composition and inner architecture are fitted to the features of the drug molecules. In this review, first the foundations and advantages of using CLs as ocular drug depots are revisited. Then, pros and cons of common strategies to prepare drug-loaded CLs are analyzed on the basis of recent examples, and finally the main section focuses on bioinspired strategies that can overcome some limitations of current designs. Most bioinspired strategies resemble a reverse engineering process to create artificial receptors for the drug inside the CL network by mimicking the human natural binding site of the drug. Related bioinspired strategies are being also tested for designing CLs that elute comfort ingredients mimicking the blinking-associated renewal of eye mucins. Other bioinspired approaches exploit the natural eye variables as stimuli to trigger drug release or take benefit of bio-glues to specifically bind active components to the CL surface. Overall, biomimicking approaches are being revealed as valuable tools to fit the amounts loaded and the release profiles to the therapeutic demands of each pathology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomimetic and bioinspired strategies are remarkable tools for the optimization of drug delivery systems. Translation of the knowledge about how drugs interact with the natural pharmacological receptor and about components and dynamics of anterior eye segment may shed light on the design criteria for obtaining efficient drug-eluting CLs. Current strategies for endowing CLs with controlled drug release performance still require optimization regarding amount loaded, drug retained in the CL structure during storage, regulation of drug release once applied onto the eye, and maintenance of CL physical properties. All these limitations may be addressed through a variety of recently growing bioinspired approaches, which are expected to pave the way of medicated CLs towards the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Soledad Anguiano-Igea
- HGBeyond Materials Science S.L, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angela Varela-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; HGBeyond Materials Science S.L, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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42
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Thakur S, Shrestha D, Rupenthal I. Evaluation of 2 ex vivo Bovine Cornea Storage Protocols for Drug Delivery Applications. Ophthalmic Res 2018; 61:204-209. [DOI: 10.1159/000493488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Kaluzhny Y, Kinuthia MW, Truong T, Lapointe AM, Hayden P, Klausner M. New Human Organotypic Corneal Tissue Model for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:2880-2898. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kaluzhny
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Thoa Truong
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, Ashland, Massachusetts, United States
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44
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Ramsay E, Del Amo EM, Toropainen E, Tengvall-Unadike U, Ranta VP, Urtti A, Ruponen M. Corneal and conjunctival drug permeability: Systematic comparison and pharmacokinetic impact in the eye. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:83-89. [PMID: 29625211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
On the surface of the eye, both the cornea and conjunctiva are restricting ocular absorption of topically applied drugs, but barrier contributions of these two membranes have not been systemically compared. Herein, we studied permeability of 32 small molecular drug compounds across an isolated porcine cornea and built a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for the permeability. Corneal drug permeability (data obtained for 25 drug molecules) showed a 52-fold range in permeability (0.09-4.70 × 10-6 cm/s) and the most important molecular descriptors in predicting the permeability were hydrogen bond donor, polar surface area and halogen ratio. Corneal permeability values were compared to their conjunctival drug permeability values. Ocular drug bioavailability and systemic absorption via conjunctiva were predicted for this drug set with pharmacokinetic calculations. Drug bioavailability in the aqueous humour was simulated to be <5% and trans-conjunctival systemic absorption was 34-79% of the dose. Loss of drug across the conjunctiva to the blood circulation restricts significantly ocular drug bioavailability and, therefore, ocular absorption does not increase proportionally with the increasing corneal drug permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eva M Del Amo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Toropainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Unni Tengvall-Unadike
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Ranta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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45
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Bao Q, Newman B, Wang Y, Choi S, Burgess DJ. In vitro and ex vivo correlation of drug release from ophthalmic ointments. J Control Release 2018. [PMID: 29518465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro drug release testing and ex vivo transcorneal drug permeation can provide valuable information on the performance of the Q1/Q2 equivalent ointments prior to any animal studies. Good correlation between in vitro and ex vivo drug release may be indicative of good in vitro and in vivo correlation. Accordingly, it is important to investigate in vitro as well as ex vivo drug release from Q1/Q2 equivalent ophthalmic ointments and evaluate whether a correlation between these release profiles can be established. Four Q1/Q2 equivalent loteprednol etabonate ointments were prepared using different processing methods and excipient sources. The rheological parameters (crossover modulus and K value) of the four formulations were determined. The in vitro drug release testing of the four ointment formulations were performed using three different apparati (Franz diffusion cells, USP apparatus 2 with enhancer cells and USP apparatus 4 with semisolid adapters). Three models (zero order, logarithmic and the Higuchi model) were used to study the release kinetics of the ointment formulations. The transcorneal (rabbit corneas) permeation studies were performed using spherical joint Franz diffusion cells. The USP apparatus 4 method demonstrated better discriminatory ability compared to the USP apparatus 2 and the Franz diffusion cell methods. The in vitro release profiles of the four Q1/Q2 equivalent ointments with manufacturing differences showed a better fit using the Higuchi model (R2 > 0.98) for all three release testing methods, compared to the other two models. Ex vivo drug release through the rabbit corneas displayed zero order release kinetics. A logarithmic correlation between rheological parameters (crossover and K value) and transcorneal flux were established. In addition, a plot of the in vitro release rate against the ex vivo release flux of the four ointment formulations, yielded a straight line (R2 > 0.98) for all three release methods. Accordingly, the rheological parameters may be useful in predicting in vitro as well as ex vivo release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanying Bao
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Bryan Newman
- FDA/CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Division of Therapeutic Performance, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- FDA/CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Division of Therapeutic Performance, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Stephanie Choi
- FDA/CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Division of Therapeutic Performance, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Diane J Burgess
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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Agarwal P, Scherer D, Günther B, Rupenthal ID. Semifluorinated alkane based systems for enhanced corneal penetration of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Janagam DR, Wu L, Lowe TL. Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:31-64. [PMID: 28392306 PMCID: PMC6057481 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available ocular drug delivery systems are effective but less efficacious to manage diseases/disorders of the anterior segment of the eye. Recent advances in nanotechnology and molecular biology offer a great opportunity for efficacious ocular drug delivery for the treatments of anterior segment diseases/disorders. Nanoparticles have been designed for preparing eye drops or injectable solutions to surmount ocular obstacles faced after administration. Better drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, non-specific toxicity, immunogenicity, and biorecognition can be achieved to improve drug efficacy when drugs are loaded in the nanoparticles. Despite the fact that a number of review articles have been published at various points in the past regarding nanoparticles for drug delivery, there is not a review yet focusing on the development of nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. This review fills in the gap and summarizes the development of nanoparticles as drug carriers for improving the penetration and bioavailability of drugs to the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Kumar MNVR. Ex Vivo Rat Eye Model for Investigating Transport of Next Generation Precision-Polyester Nanosystems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25668-25671. [PMID: 28737886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present for the first time a robust ex vivo rat eye model for investigating the transport of precision-polyester nanosystems (P2Ns) across the blood-retinal barrier, intended for systemic administration. The P2Ns-GA actively transport exploiting transferrin receptors present in the inner retinal barrier and colocalize in ganglion cells. Such delivery approaches have the potential to deliver drugs to posterior segments of the eye, which is still a major challenge in treating posterior ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Majeti N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University , Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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49
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Ex vivo permeation of erythropoietin through porcine conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Estlack Z, Bennet D, Reid T, Kim J. Microengineered biomimetic ocular models for ophthalmological drug development. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1539-1551. [PMID: 28401229 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current ophthalmological drug discovery and testing methods have limitations and concerns regarding reliability, ethicality, and applicability. These drawbacks can be mitigated by developing biomimetic eye models through mathematical and experimental methods which are often referred to as "eye-on-a-chip" or "eye chip". These eye chip technologies emulate ocular physiology, anatomy, and microenvironmental conditions. Such models enable understanding of the fundamental biology, pharmacology, and toxicology mechanisms by investigating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various candidate drugs under ocular anatomical and physiological conditions without animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in theoretical and in vitro experimental models of the anterior segment of the eye and its microenvironment, including eye motions and tear film dynamics. The current state of ocular modeling and simulation from predictive models to experimental models is discussed in detail with their advantages and limitations. The potential for future eye chip models to expedite new ophthalmic drug discoveries is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Estlack
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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