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Šebela M. The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in enzyme activity assays and its position in the context of other available methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1008-1031. [PMID: 34549449 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activity assays are indispensable for studying biochemical properties of enzymes. The purposes of measuring activity are wide ranging from a simple detection of the presence of an enzyme to kinetic experiments evaluating the substrate specificity, reaction mechanisms, and susceptibility to inhibitors. Common activity assay methods include spectroscopy, electrochemical sensors, or liquid chromatography coupled with various detection techniques. This review focuses on the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a growing and modern alternative, which offers high speed of analysis, sensitivity, versatility, possibility of automation, and cost-effectiveness. It may reveal reaction intermediates, side products or measure more enzymes at once. The addition of an internal standard or calculating the ratios of the substrate and product peak intensities and areas overcome the inherent inhomogeneous distribution of analyte and matrix in the sample spot, which otherwise results in a poor reproducibility. Examples of the application of MALDI-TOF MS for assaying hydrolases (including peptidases and β-lactamases for antibiotic resistance tests) and other enzymes are provided. Concluding remarks summarize advantages and challenges coming from the present experience, and draw future perspectives such as a screening of large libraries of chemical compounds for their substrate or inhibitory properties towards enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šebela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and CATRIN, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Naito Y. Quantitative analysis capability of DIUTHAME mass spectrometry verified by acetylcholinesterase enzyme-catalyzed reaction assays. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4895. [PMID: 36426802 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is advantageous for mass spectrometry applications where throughput is important. However, quantitative analysis is essentially problematic for MALDI-MS whose results depend on the intrinsically stochastic microcrystalline state of the matrix. High-throughput screening (HTS) of drug candidates is a typical example that requires high throughput. The application of MALDI-MS to HTS, which is quantitative analysis, imposes restrictions on designing an experimental system. Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) methods, which do not depend on matrix crystal formation, are expected to be applied to quantitative analyses such as HTS. A recently developed one type of SALDI methods, desorption ionization using through hole alumina membrane (DIUTHAME), possesses a distinct feature that the surface microstructure effective for ionization is formed by through holes. In this study, the quantitative analysis capability of DIUTHAME was verified by applying DIUTHAME to enzyme-catalyzed reaction measurements, which are also used for HTS. Quantitative DIUTHAME-MS was conducted on various conditions of acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed reaction solutions containing cow milk as a substitute of biological media. Even for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction solutions containing complex additives that make the quantitative analysis extremely difficult, DIUTHAME based on the through hole structure enables quantitative measurements of the analytes by applying the reaction solutions to the back side of the laser exposed surface. In comparison with those obtained by MALDI-MS, the results obtained by DIUTHAME-MS showed less variability of data and delivered a better linearity of the Lineweaver-Burk plots and a more reasonable value of the Michaelis constant. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that DIUTHAME-MS possesses the quantitative analysis capability much better than that of MALDI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Naito
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, Japan
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3
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Kawai Y, Idegami K, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Single-step Trypsin Inhibitor Assay on a Microchannel Array Device Immobilizing Enzymes and Fluorescent Substrates by Inkjet Printing. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1473-1476. [PMID: 33952864 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a single-step trypsin inhibitor assay on a microchannel array device immobilizing enzymes and substrates by inkjet printing. The microdevice is composed of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel array that immobilizes trypsin and fluorescent substrates as reactive reagents at the two bottom corners of a microchannel. Inkjet printers allow simple, accurate, and position-selective immobilization of reagents as nanoliter spots. Therefore, plural reactive reagents, such as enzymes and substrates, can be separately immobilized at different positions in the same microchannel without mixing, and thus allowing for single-step operation by simply introducing a sample solution through capillary action. Furthermore, reproducible fabrication and mass production of the device could be expected. In this study, the efficiency of an acidic solution as a spotting agent for protease immobilization to prevent decrease in the fluorescence intensity was confirmed. Additionally, single-step trypsin inhibitor screening was performed using three inhibitors. Finally, we investigated the storage stability of the device and confirmed that it remained stable for at least 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO)
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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4
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Magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization: A versatile support for ligand screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114286. [PMID: 34358814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibitors represent a substantial fraction of all small molecules currently in clinical use. Therefore, the early stage of drug-discovery process and development efforts are focused on the identification of new enzyme inhibitors through screening assays. The use of immobilized enzymes on solid supports to probe ligand-enzyme interactions have been employed with success not only to identify and characterize but also to isolate new ligands from complex mixtures. Between the available solid supports, magnetic particles have emerged as a promising support for enzyme immobilization due to the high superficial area, easy separation from the reaction medium and versatility. Particularly, the ligand fishing assay has been employed as a very useful tool to rapidly isolate bioactive compounds from complex mixtures, and hence the use of magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization has been widespread. Thus, this review provides a critical overview of the screening assays using immobilized enzymes on magnetic particles between 2006 and 2021.
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5
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Wang S, Pi L, Wen H, Yu H, Yang X. Evaluation of novel magnetic targeting microspheres loading adriamycin based on carboxymethyl chitosan. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Jia L, Zhen X, Pan X, Xie X, Wang S. Engineering biomimetic graphene nanodecoys camouflaged with the EGFR/HEK293 cell membrane for targeted capture of drug leads. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5690-5697. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell membrane camouflaged graphene-based nanodecoy with targeting properties was first established for drug lead screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Health Science Center
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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7
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Tao M, Zhang L, Guo Y. Dual-Channel Enzymatic Inhibition Measurement (DEIM) Coupling Isotope Substrate via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2427-2435. [PMID: 30159674 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual-channel enzymatic inhibition measurement (DEIM) method was developed to improve the repeatability with light/heavy isotope substrates, producing reliable relative standard deviations (< 3%) by employing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as the model enzyme. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was adapted for enzyme-inhibited method due to its good salt-tolerance and high throughput; meanwhile, dual-channel enzymatic reactions were performed to improve the repeatability of each well. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition measurement was conducted by mixing the quenched enzyme reaction solution of blank group (with heavy isotope as substrate) and experimental group (with light isotope as substrate), of which the inhibition rate might be affected by isotope effects. Hence, inverse study and Km measurement were implemented to validate the method. The inverse study shows similar inhibition rate (68.9 and 70.3%) and the Km of isotope substrates are analogous (0.139 and 0.135 mM), which demonstrated that the novel method is feasible to AChE inhibition measurement. Finally, the method was applied to herb extracts, half of which exhibit inhibition to AChE. The precise dual-channel enzymatic inhibition measurement (DEIM) method could be regarded as a promising approach to potential enzyme inhibitor screening. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Postdoctoral Programme, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Gao F, Wang Q, Gao N, Yang Y, Cai F, Yamane M, Gao F, Tanaka H. Hydroxyapatite/chemically reduced graphene oxide composite: Environment-friendly synthesis and high-performance electrochemical sensing for hydrazine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:238-245. [PMID: 28601789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is unexpectedly found that, the in-situ growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on graphene oxide (GO) under a moderate temperature (85°C) can effectively trigger the reduction of GO, which needs neither extra reducing agents nor high-temperature thermal treatment. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) experiment demonstrates that the rod-like HAP particles are well attached on the surface of reduced GO (rGO) to form the composite. Electrochemical sensing assays show that the synthesized HAP-rGO nanocomposite presents excellent electrocatalytic capacity for the oxidation of a toxic chemical of hydrazine. When the HAP-rGO modified electrode was utilized as an electrochemical sensor for hydrazine detection, outstanding performances in the indexes of low fabrication cost, short response time (~2s), wide linear range, low detection limit (0.43μM), and good selectivity were achieved. The developed sensor also shows satisfactory results for the detection of hydrazine in real industrial wastewater sample were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Ningning Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Yizhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Fuxian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Mayoka Yamane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
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9
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Lee J, Kim J, Kim S, Min DH. Biosensors based on graphene oxide and its biomedical application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:275-287. [PMID: 27302607 PMCID: PMC7102652 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most attributed materials for opening new possibilities in the development of next generation biosensors. Due to the coexistence of hydrophobic domain from pristine graphite structure and hydrophilic oxygen containing functional groups, GO exhibits good water dispersibility, biocompatibility, and high affinity for specific biomolecules as well as properties of graphene itself partly depending on preparation methods. These properties of GO provided a lot of opportunities for the development of novel biological sensing platforms, including biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and electrochemical detection. In this review, we classify GO-based biological sensors developed so far by their signal generation strategy and provide the comprehensive overview of them. In addition, we offer insights into how the GO attributed in each sensor system and how they improved the sensing performance.
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10
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Zheng X, Zhang J, Wei H, Chen H, Tian Y, Zhang J. Determination of Dopamine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry with a Functionalized Graphene Oxide Matrix. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1128946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Wang J, Liu Q, Liang Y, Jiang G. Recent progress in application of carbon nanomaterials in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2861-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Kwon SR, Jeon CS, Hong NY, Kim KP, Hwang I, Chung TD. Gold-plated magnetic polymers for highly specific enrichment and label-free detection of blood biomarkers under physiological conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10066-9. [PMID: 25036285 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mass-based label-free detection of blood biomarkers under physiological conditions is realised using gold-plated magnetic polymer microspheres covered with self-assembled monolayers of polyethylene glycol alkanethiolates that effectively prevent heavy nonspecific binding of serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
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13
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Fabrication of enzyme-immobilized halloysite nanotubes for affinity enrichment of lipase inhibitors from complex mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1392:20-7. [PMID: 25798866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipase is the key enzyme for catalyzing triglyceride hydrolysis in vivo, and lipase inhibitors have been used in the management of obesity. We present the first report on the use of lipase-adsorbed halloysite nanotubes as an efficient medium for the selective enrichment of lipase inhibitors from natural products. A simple and rapid approach was proposed to fabricate lipase-adsorbed nanotubes through electrostatic interaction. Results showed that more than 85% lipase was adsorbed into nanotubes in 90 min, and approximately 80% of the catalytic activity was maintained compared with free lipase. The specificity and reproducibility of the proposed approach were validated by screening a known lipase inhibitor (i.e., orlistat) from a mixture that contains active and inactive compounds. Moreover, we applied this approach with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to screen lipase inhibitors from the Magnoliae cortex extract, a medicinal plant used for treating obesity. Two novel biphenyl-type natural lipase inhibitors magnotriol A and magnaldehyde B were identified, and their IC50 values were determined as 213.03 and 96.96 μM, respectively. The ligand-enzyme interactions of magnaldehyde B were further investigated by molecular docking. Our findings proved that enzyme-adsorbed nanotube could be used as a feasible and selective affinity medium for the rapid screening of enzyme inhibitors from complex mixtures.
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14
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Abdelhamid HN, Wu HF. Synthesis of a highly dispersive sinapinic acid@graphene oxide (SA@GO) and its applications as a novel surface assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for proteomics and pathogenic bacteria biosensing. Analyst 2015; 140:1555-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GO-modified sinapinic acid was synthesized and characterized; it was then investigated for use in SALDI-MS for proteomics and pathogenic bacterial biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy
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15
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Guitot K, Scarabelli S, Drujon T, Bolbach G, Amoura M, Burlina F, Jeltsch A, Sagan S, Guianvarc’h D. Label-free measurement of histone lysine methyltransferases activity by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2014; 456:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Huang D, Wang X, Deng C. Enrichment and determination of crotonaldehyde using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an adsorbent and a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:847-850. [PMID: 23495032 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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